芭蕉湖-南湖连通工程的连通性评价
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摘要
江湖水系连通是改善水环境、修复水生态和提高人居环境的重要措施,但有关城市内湖水系连通工程的动态连通性定量评价不够完善。基于岳阳城区芭蕉湖-南湖连通工程方案,从长江引水至芭蕉湖通过王家河流域新开挖河道自流至南湖,以改善王家河和南湖水质状况与修复水生态功能。采用MIKE21水动力模型分别模拟汛期和非汛期时6、12和24 m~3/s的流量条件下,南湖出口最低控制水位为25.86 m和26.06 m的12种工况,分析不同引水条件下两湖的连通性,并提出一个定量评价指标。结果表明:引水初期流量取24 m~3/s和控制南湖出口最低水位为25.86 m时,汛期和非汛期连通性均达最佳状态,此时换水周期分别缩短至5.59、5.17 d。从连通性指数的变化来看,"引江济湖"和"两湖连通"增强了水系连通性,可提高水体自循环能力。
The connection between rivers and lakes is an important measure to improve the aquatic environment, restore freshwater ecology and improve the living environment of human beings. However, the quantitative evaluation of the dynamic connectivity of the lake water system connectivity project in the city is few. Based on the plan of Bajiao-South Lake connecting project in Yueyang City of Human Province, the water from the Yangtze River to Bajiao Lake will be self-flowing to the South Lake through a newly excavated river channel in the Wangjiahe River Basin to improve water quality and aquatic ecological functions of Wangjiahe River and South Lake. The MIKE21 hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the 12 operating conditions at the minimum control water levels of 25.86 m and 26.06 m at the South Lake exit under the flow rates of 6 m~3/s, 12 m~3/s, and 24 m~3/s in flood season and non-flood season, respectively. The connectivity of the two lakes under water diversion conditions was analyzed and a quantitative evaluation index was proposed. The results showed that when the initial flow was 24 m~3/s and the minimum water level was 25.86 m, the connectivity between the flood season and the non-flood season reached the best state. The water exchange period was shortened to 5.59 d and 5.17 d, respectively. Judging from the changes in the connectivity index, the "leading to the lake" and the "two lakes connected" promoted water system connectivity and improved the ability of the water body to circulate.
The connection between rivers and lakes is an important measure to improve the aquatic environment, restore freshwater ecology and improve the living environment of human beings. However, the quantitative evaluation of the dynamic connectivity of the lake water system connectivity project in the city is few. Based on the plan of Bajiao-South Lake connecting project in Yueyang City of Human Province, the water from the Yangtze River to Bajiao Lake will be self-flowing to the South Lake through a newly excavated river channel in the Wangjiahe River Basin to improve water quality and aquatic ecological functions of Wangjiahe River and South Lake. The MIKE21 hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the 12 operating conditions at the minimum control water levels of 25.86 m and 26.06 m at the South Lake exit under the flow rates of 6 m~3/s, 12 m~3/s, and 24 m~3/s in flood season and non-flood season, respectively. The connectivity of the two lakes under water diversion conditions was analyzed and a quantitative evaluation index was proposed. The results showed that when the initial flow was 24 m~3/s and the minimum water level was 25.86 m, the connectivity between the flood season and the non-flood season reached the best state. The water exchange period was shortened to 5.59 d and 5.17 d, respectively. Judging from the changes in the connectivity index, the "leading to the lake" and the "two lakes connected" promoted water system connectivity and improved the ability of the water body to circulate.
引文
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[10] 高玉琴,肖璇,丁鸣鸣,等.基于改进图论法的平原河网水系连通性评价[J].水资源保护,2018,34(1):18-23.GAO Y Q, XIAO X, DING M M, et al.Evaluation of water system connectivity of plain river network based on improved graph theory[J].Water Resources Protection,2018,34(1):18-23.
[11] FREEMAN M C,PRINGLE C M, JACKSON C R. Hydrologic connectivity and the contribution of stream headwaters to ecological integrity at regional scales[J]. Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2007, 43(1):5-14.
[12] 茹彪,陈星,张其成,等.平原河网区水系结构连通性评价[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(5):9-12.RU B, CHEN X, ZHANG Q C, et al.Evaluation of connectivity of water system structure in plain river network area[J].Hydroelectric Energy Science,2013,31(5):9-12.
[13] JACKSON C R, PRINGLE C M. Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity in intensively developed landscapes[J]. Bioscience, 2010, 60(1):37-46.
[14] PASCUAL-HORTAL L, SAURA S. Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices: Towards the priorization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2006, 21(7):959-967.
[2] 李宗礼,李原园,王中根,等.河湖水系连通研究:概念框架[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(3):513-522.LI Z L, LI Y Y, WANG Z G, et al.River and lake water system connectivity research: Conceptual framework[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(3):513-522.
[3] 唐传利.关于开展河湖连通研究有关问题的探讨[J].中国水利,2011(6):86-89.TANG C L. Discussion on issues related to conducting connectivity research between rivers and lakes[J].China Water Resources,2011(6):86-89.
[4] 夏军,高扬,左其亭,等.河湖水系连通特征及其利弊[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(1):26-31.XIA J, GAO Y, ZUO Q T, et al. The characteristics of river system connectivity and its advantages and disadvantages[J].Progress in geography,2012,31(1):26-31.
[5] 左其亭,崔国韬.河湖水系连通理论体系框架研究[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(1):1-5.ZUO Q T, CUI G T. Research on the theoretical framework of river-lake communication system[J]. Hydroelectric Energy Science,2012,30(1):1-5.
[6] 徐宗学, 庞博.科学认识河湖水系连通问题[J].中国水利,2011(16):13-16.XU Z X, PANG B. Scientific understanding of river and lake water system connectivity[J]. China Water Resources,2011(16):13-16.
[7] 孟祥永,陈星,陈栋一,等.城市水系连通性评价体系研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(1):24-28.MENG X Y, CHEN X, CHEN D Y, et al. Research on urban water system connectivity evaluation system[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Science Edition) ,2014,42(1):24-28.
[8] 徐光来,许有鹏,王柳艳.基于水流阻力与图论的河网连通性评价[J].水科学进展,2012,23(6):776-781.XU G L, XU Y P, WANG L Y. Evaluation of river network connectivity based on flow resistance and graph theory[J]. Advances in Water Science,2012,23(6):776-781.
[9] 陈星,许伟,李昆朋,等.基于图论的平原河网区水系连通性评价——以常熟市燕泾圩为例[J].水资源保护,2016,32(2):26-29.CHEN X, XU W, LI K P, et al.Assessment of water system connectivity in plain river network area based on graph theory: A case study of Yanji in Changshu City[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(2):26-29.
[10] 高玉琴,肖璇,丁鸣鸣,等.基于改进图论法的平原河网水系连通性评价[J].水资源保护,2018,34(1):18-23.GAO Y Q, XIAO X, DING M M, et al.Evaluation of water system connectivity of plain river network based on improved graph theory[J].Water Resources Protection,2018,34(1):18-23.
[11] FREEMAN M C,PRINGLE C M, JACKSON C R. Hydrologic connectivity and the contribution of stream headwaters to ecological integrity at regional scales[J]. Jawra Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2007, 43(1):5-14.
[12] 茹彪,陈星,张其成,等.平原河网区水系结构连通性评价[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(5):9-12.RU B, CHEN X, ZHANG Q C, et al.Evaluation of connectivity of water system structure in plain river network area[J].Hydroelectric Energy Science,2013,31(5):9-12.
[13] JACKSON C R, PRINGLE C M. Ecological benefits of reduced hydrologic connectivity in intensively developed landscapes[J]. Bioscience, 2010, 60(1):37-46.
[14] PASCUAL-HORTAL L, SAURA S. Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices: Towards the priorization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2006, 21(7):959-967.
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