中亚土壤可持续利用和生态环境建设
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摘要
结合干旱区的自然属性和社会属性,分析了中亚地理区位、生态环境格局和社会经济条件;综合论述了该区土壤发生特点、类型和分区的研究成果;揭示了土壤资源开发利用和生态环境问题;探讨了土壤可持续利用和生态环境建设的对策。
By integrating the natural and social attribute of arid regions, in this paper, the geographical location, ecological and environmental patterns and socio-economic conditions were analyzed; the research results of soil genesis, taxonomy and regionalization were comprehensively expounded; and the issues of soil resources utilization, ecology and environment were revealed. Furthermore, the countermeasures of the sustainable utilization of soil, and the construction of ecology and environment were discussed.
By integrating the natural and social attribute of arid regions, in this paper, the geographical location, ecological and environmental patterns and socio-economic conditions were analyzed; the research results of soil genesis, taxonomy and regionalization were comprehensively expounded; and the issues of soil resources utilization, ecology and environment were revealed. Furthermore, the countermeasures of the sustainable utilization of soil, and the construction of ecology and environment were discussed.
引文
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Kovda V.A.,1954.Geochemistry of the deserts of the Soviet Union[M].M.:ed.Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
陈曦,罗格,吴世新,等,2015.中亚干旱区土地利用与土地覆被变化[M].北京:科学出版社:1-402.
CHEN X,LUO G,WU S X,et al.,2015.Changes of land use and land cover in arid regions of Central Asia[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-402.
单之蔷,2015.“甘英之谜”与“心脏地带”[J].中国国家地理(10):22-27.SHAN Z Q,2015."The Mystery of Gan Ying"and"The Heartland"[J].Chinese national geography(10):22-27.
高以信,张连第,1981.西藏阿里地区盐土的发生演变及其含硼特征[J].土壤学报:18(2):148-157.
GAO Y X,ZHANG L D,1981.Genesis and evolution of Solonchaks and its characteristics of Boron in Ali,Tibet[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica:18(2):148-157.
龚子同,2012.从俄罗斯黑钙土到中国的黑土[J].土壤通报,43(5):1025-1028.
GONG Z T,2012.From chernozems in Russia to Phaeozems in China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,43(5):1025-1 028.
龚子同,陈鸿昭,杨帆,等,2017.中亚干旱区土壤地球化学和环境研究[J].干旱区研究,34(1):1-9.
GONG Z T,CHEN H Z,YANG F,et al., 20 17.Pedogeochemistry and environment of Aridisol Regions in Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,34(1):1-9.
龚子同,陈鸿昭,张甘霖,2015.寂静的土壤[M].北京:科学出版社:1-196.
GONG Z T,CHEN H Z, ZHANG G L,2015.Silent soil[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-196.
龚子同,等,1999.中国土壤系统分类一理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社:1-903.
GONG Z T,et al.,1999.Chinese Soil Taxonomy-Theory,method and practice[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-903.
龚子同,黄荣金,张甘霖,2014.中国土壤地理[M].北京:科学出版社:516-571.
GONG Z T,HUANG R J,ZHANG G L,2014.Soil Geography of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:516-571.
龚子同,雷文进,陈鸿昭,1988.中国的干旱土[J].干旱区研究,5(2):1-9.
GONG Z T,LEI W J,CHEN H Z,1988.Aridosols in China[J].Arid Zone Research,5(2):1-9.
龚子同,张甘霖,陈志诚,等,2007.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社:1-626.
GONG Z T, ZHANG G L,CHEN Z C, et al.,2007.Soil Genesis andTaxonomy[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-626.
顾国安,高以信,龚子同,1992.中国高寒干旱土[C]//《中国土壤系统分类研究丛书》编委会,中国土壤系统分类探讨.北京:科学出版社:99-110.
GU G A,GAO Y X, GONG Z T,1992.Cryic Aridosols in China[C]//Discussion on Chinese Soil Taxonomy,editorial committee of"Chinese Soil Taxonomy Study Series".Beijing:Science Press:99-110.
胡汝骥,2004.中国天山自然地理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.HU R J,2004.Physical geography of Tianshan Mountains[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等,2014.中亚(五国)干旱生态地理环境特征[J].干旱区研究,31(1):1-12.
HU R J,JIANG F Q,WANG Y J,et al.,2014.Arid ecological and geographical conditions in five countries of Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,31(1):1-12.
吉力力·阿不都外力,马龙,等,2015.中亚环境概论[M].北京:气象出版社:1-296.
ABUDUWAILI J L,MA L,et al.,2015.Introduction to Central Asian's Environment[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-296.
刘昂,2015.古有汗血马,今有天然气[J].中国国家地理(10):172-184.LIU A,2015.Akhal-teke horses in ancient times and natural gas at present[J].Chinese National Geography(10):172-184.
刘旻,2015.吉尔吉斯斯坦[J].中国国家地理(10):114-131.LIU S,2015.Kyrgyzstan[J].Chinese National Geography(10):114-131.
梅旭荣,2011.中国农业环境[M].北京:科学出版社:746-768.MEI X R,2011.Agricultural Environment of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:746-768.
钱学森,1991.在沙产业研讨会上的讲话[N].科技日报,2001-07-06.QIAN X S,1991.Speech at the Sand Industry Seminar[N].Science and Technology Daily,2001-07-06.
孙鸿烈,张荣祖,等,2007.中国生态环境建设地带性原理与实践[M].北京:科学出版社:1-343.
SUN H L,ZHANG R Z,et al.,2007.Zonal Principles and Practice of Ecological Environment Construction in China[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-343.
文振旺,1965.新疆土壤地理[M].北京:科学出版社:1-471.WEN Z W,1965.Soil geography of Xinjiang province[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-471.
徐富安,2007.以色列农业格局战略转变的启示[J].五色土(1):27-30.XU F A,2007.Enlightenment from strategic change of agricultural pattern in Israel[J].Soil of Five Colors(1):27-30.
杨德刚,等.2013.中亚经济地理概论[M].北京:气象出版社:1-113.YANG D G,et al.2013.Introduction to Economic Geography of Central Asia[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-113.
张建明,胡双熙,周宏飞,等,2013.中亚土壤地理[M].北京:气象出版社:1-306.
ZHANG J M,HU S X,ZHOU H F,et al.,2013.Soil Geography of Central Asia[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-306.
周立三,2007.中国农业地理[M].北京:科学出版社:413-423.ZHOU L S,2007.Agricultural Geography of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:413-423.
朱显谟,2005.不断继承追踪创新振兴中国土壤科学[M].中国土壤学会60年.南京:河海大学出版社:130-133.
ZHU X M,2005.Continuous inheritance and innovation to revitalize China's soil science[M].The 60th Anniversary of Soil Science Society of China.Nanjing:Hohai University Press:130-133.
朱震达,刘恕,1987.沙漠化及其防治[C]//中国自然保护文集.北京:科学出版社:60-66.
ZHU Z D,LIU S,1987.Desertification and its control[C]//China Natural Conservation Collection.Beijing:Science Press:60-66.
Kovda V.A.,1954.Geochemistry of the deserts of the Soviet Union[M].M.:ed.Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
陈曦,罗格,吴世新,等,2015.中亚干旱区土地利用与土地覆被变化[M].北京:科学出版社:1-402.
CHEN X,LUO G,WU S X,et al.,2015.Changes of land use and land cover in arid regions of Central Asia[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-402.
单之蔷,2015.“甘英之谜”与“心脏地带”[J].中国国家地理(10):22-27.SHAN Z Q,2015."The Mystery of Gan Ying"and"The Heartland"[J].Chinese national geography(10):22-27.
高以信,张连第,1981.西藏阿里地区盐土的发生演变及其含硼特征[J].土壤学报:18(2):148-157.
GAO Y X,ZHANG L D,1981.Genesis and evolution of Solonchaks and its characteristics of Boron in Ali,Tibet[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica:18(2):148-157.
龚子同,2012.从俄罗斯黑钙土到中国的黑土[J].土壤通报,43(5):1025-1028.
GONG Z T,2012.From chernozems in Russia to Phaeozems in China[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,43(5):1025-1 028.
龚子同,陈鸿昭,杨帆,等,2017.中亚干旱区土壤地球化学和环境研究[J].干旱区研究,34(1):1-9.
GONG Z T,CHEN H Z,YANG F,et al., 20 17.Pedogeochemistry and environment of Aridisol Regions in Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,34(1):1-9.
龚子同,陈鸿昭,张甘霖,2015.寂静的土壤[M].北京:科学出版社:1-196.
GONG Z T,CHEN H Z, ZHANG G L,2015.Silent soil[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-196.
龚子同,等,1999.中国土壤系统分类一理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社:1-903.
GONG Z T,et al.,1999.Chinese Soil Taxonomy-Theory,method and practice[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-903.
龚子同,黄荣金,张甘霖,2014.中国土壤地理[M].北京:科学出版社:516-571.
GONG Z T,HUANG R J,ZHANG G L,2014.Soil Geography of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:516-571.
龚子同,雷文进,陈鸿昭,1988.中国的干旱土[J].干旱区研究,5(2):1-9.
GONG Z T,LEI W J,CHEN H Z,1988.Aridosols in China[J].Arid Zone Research,5(2):1-9.
龚子同,张甘霖,陈志诚,等,2007.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社:1-626.
GONG Z T, ZHANG G L,CHEN Z C, et al.,2007.Soil Genesis andTaxonomy[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-626.
顾国安,高以信,龚子同,1992.中国高寒干旱土[C]//《中国土壤系统分类研究丛书》编委会,中国土壤系统分类探讨.北京:科学出版社:99-110.
GU G A,GAO Y X, GONG Z T,1992.Cryic Aridosols in China[C]//Discussion on Chinese Soil Taxonomy,editorial committee of"Chinese Soil Taxonomy Study Series".Beijing:Science Press:99-110.
胡汝骥,2004.中国天山自然地理[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.HU R J,2004.Physical geography of Tianshan Mountains[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等,2014.中亚(五国)干旱生态地理环境特征[J].干旱区研究,31(1):1-12.
HU R J,JIANG F Q,WANG Y J,et al.,2014.Arid ecological and geographical conditions in five countries of Central Asia[J].Arid Zone Research,31(1):1-12.
吉力力·阿不都外力,马龙,等,2015.中亚环境概论[M].北京:气象出版社:1-296.
ABUDUWAILI J L,MA L,et al.,2015.Introduction to Central Asian's Environment[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-296.
刘昂,2015.古有汗血马,今有天然气[J].中国国家地理(10):172-184.LIU A,2015.Akhal-teke horses in ancient times and natural gas at present[J].Chinese National Geography(10):172-184.
刘旻,2015.吉尔吉斯斯坦[J].中国国家地理(10):114-131.LIU S,2015.Kyrgyzstan[J].Chinese National Geography(10):114-131.
梅旭荣,2011.中国农业环境[M].北京:科学出版社:746-768.MEI X R,2011.Agricultural Environment of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:746-768.
钱学森,1991.在沙产业研讨会上的讲话[N].科技日报,2001-07-06.QIAN X S,1991.Speech at the Sand Industry Seminar[N].Science and Technology Daily,2001-07-06.
孙鸿烈,张荣祖,等,2007.中国生态环境建设地带性原理与实践[M].北京:科学出版社:1-343.
SUN H L,ZHANG R Z,et al.,2007.Zonal Principles and Practice of Ecological Environment Construction in China[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-343.
文振旺,1965.新疆土壤地理[M].北京:科学出版社:1-471.WEN Z W,1965.Soil geography of Xinjiang province[M].Beijing:Science Press:1-471.
徐富安,2007.以色列农业格局战略转变的启示[J].五色土(1):27-30.XU F A,2007.Enlightenment from strategic change of agricultural pattern in Israel[J].Soil of Five Colors(1):27-30.
杨德刚,等.2013.中亚经济地理概论[M].北京:气象出版社:1-113.YANG D G,et al.2013.Introduction to Economic Geography of Central Asia[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-113.
张建明,胡双熙,周宏飞,等,2013.中亚土壤地理[M].北京:气象出版社:1-306.
ZHANG J M,HU S X,ZHOU H F,et al.,2013.Soil Geography of Central Asia[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press:1-306.
周立三,2007.中国农业地理[M].北京:科学出版社:413-423.ZHOU L S,2007.Agricultural Geography of China[M].Beijing:Science Press:413-423.
朱显谟,2005.不断继承追踪创新振兴中国土壤科学[M].中国土壤学会60年.南京:河海大学出版社:130-133.
ZHU X M,2005.Continuous inheritance and innovation to revitalize China's soil science[M].The 60th Anniversary of Soil Science Society of China.Nanjing:Hohai University Press:130-133.
朱震达,刘恕,1987.沙漠化及其防治[C]//中国自然保护文集.北京:科学出版社:60-66.
ZHU Z D,LIU S,1987.Desertification and its control[C]//China Natural Conservation Collection.Beijing:Science Press:60-66.