缺钾对烤烟氮素吸收利用的影响
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摘要
为探明烤烟钾素营养与氮吸收同化能力的关系,明确钾素营养与氮同化互作的可能作用途径,为合理施用钾肥提供理论基础,以烤烟品种K326为试验材料,分析了营养液培养条件下,缺钾后烟草各器官干物质和氮积累量的变化情况,根系形态及根系氮硝酸盐吸收速率和硝酸还原酶活性的变化情况。结果表明,缺钾后烤烟茎和叶片的干物质积累量降低,根系干物质积累量无显著变化;缺钾降低了烤烟总根长、根系体积和根表面积,根平均直径无显著变化;缺钾降低烤烟茎和叶片中的氮积累量,增加氮在根系中的分配,降低在茎中的分配;缺钾处理后根系硝酸盐吸收速率和硝酸还原酶活性显著增加。综上,缺钾后烤烟氮积累量降低的主要原因是由于干物质积累量减少导致植物氮需求减少。
In order to investigate the relationship between potassium nutrition and nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of flue-cured tobacco,and make clear the possible pathway of interaction between potassium nutrition and nitrogen assimilation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of potassium fertilizer,this paper took flue-cured tobacco K326 as experimental material,and analyzed the changing of nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in different plant organs,root morphology,root NO3-absorption rate and root nitrate reductase( NR) activity after potassium deficiency under nutrient solution culture condition. The result showed that dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves decreased significantly under potassium deficiency condition,but there was no significant change in dry matter accumulation of root system. Potassium deficiency shortened the total root length,and reduced root surface area and root volume,but the average root diameter did not change much. Potassium deficiency brought down the nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves,increased the N allocation rate in root system and decreased the N allocation rate in stems. Potassium deficiency increased the root NO3-absorption rate,thus the NR activity in root system was significantly increased. In conclusion,the main reason for the decrease of nitrogen accumulation in fluecured tobacco under potassium deficiency is that the reducing of plant nitrogen demand due to the decrease dry matter accumulation.
In order to investigate the relationship between potassium nutrition and nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of flue-cured tobacco,and make clear the possible pathway of interaction between potassium nutrition and nitrogen assimilation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of potassium fertilizer,this paper took flue-cured tobacco K326 as experimental material,and analyzed the changing of nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in different plant organs,root morphology,root NO3-absorption rate and root nitrate reductase( NR) activity after potassium deficiency under nutrient solution culture condition. The result showed that dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves decreased significantly under potassium deficiency condition,but there was no significant change in dry matter accumulation of root system. Potassium deficiency shortened the total root length,and reduced root surface area and root volume,but the average root diameter did not change much. Potassium deficiency brought down the nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves,increased the N allocation rate in root system and decreased the N allocation rate in stems. Potassium deficiency increased the root NO3-absorption rate,thus the NR activity in root system was significantly increased. In conclusion,the main reason for the decrease of nitrogen accumulation in fluecured tobacco under potassium deficiency is that the reducing of plant nitrogen demand due to the decrease dry matter accumulation.
引文
[1] Amtmann A, Troufflard S, Armengaud P. The effect ofpotassium nutrition on pest and disease resistance in plants[J]. Physiol. Plantarum,2008,133(4):682-691.
[2] Ma T,Wu W,Wang Y. Transcriptome analysis of rice rootresponses to potassium deficiency[J]. BMC Plant Biol.,2012,12(1):161.
[3] Amtmann A,Armengaud P. Effects of N,P,K and S onmetabolism:New knowledge gained from multi-level analysis[J]. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.,2009,12(3):275-283.
[4] Ruiz B,Romero L. Relationship between potassium fertilizationand nitrate assimilation in leaves and fruits of cucumber(Cucumis sativus)plants[J]. Ann. Appl. Biol.,2015,140(3):241-245.
[5] Armengaud P,Breitling R, Amtmann A. The potassium-dependent transcriptome of Arabidopsis reveals a prominent roleof jasmonic acid in nutrient signaling[J]. Plant Physiol.,2004,136(1):2556-2576.
[6] Kellermeier F,Chardon F,Amtmann A. Natural variation ofArabidopsis root architecture reveals complementing adaptivestrategies to potassium starvation[J]. Plant Physiol.,2013161(3):1421-1432.
[7] Gruber B, Giehl R, Friedel S, et al.. Plasticity of theArabidopsis root system under nutrient deficiencies[J]. PlantPhysiol.,2013,163(1):161-179.
[8] Gastal F,Lemaire G. N uptake and distribution in crops:anagronomical and ecophysiological perspective[J]. J. Exp.Bot.,2002,53(370):789-799.
[9]闫慧峰,石屹,李乃会,等.烟草钾素营养研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2013,15(1):123-129.Yan H F,Shi Y,Li N H,et al.. Studies of potassium nutritionin tobacco[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. China,2013,15(1):123-129.
[10] Nelson D W,Somers L E. Determination of total nitrogen inplant material[J]. Agron. J.,1973,65:109-112.
[11]陶芾,滕婉,李春俭,等.我国烤烟生产体系中的养分平衡[J].中国烟草科学,2007,28(3):1-5.Tao F, Teng W, Li C, et al.. Nutrient input and outputbalance in flue-cured tobacco production in China[J]. Chin.Tob. Sci.,2007,28(3):1-5.
[12]颜丽,关连珠,栾双,等.土壤供钾状况及土壤湿度对我国北方烤烟烟叶钾含量的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(2):84-87.Yan L,Guan L Z,L S,et al.. Potassium content in tobaccoleaves related to soil potassium supply and soil moisture regimes[J]. Chin. Soil Sci.,2001,32(2):84-87.
[13]程辉斗,温永琴,陆富,等.土壤供钾水平与云南烤烟钾含量关系的研究[J].烟草科技,2000(3):41-43.Cheng H D,Wen Y Q,Lu F,et al.. Relationship of soilpotassium levels and potassium content of flue-cured tobacco inYunnan province[J]. Tob. Sci. Technol.,2000(3):41-43.
[14]黎成厚,刘元生,何腾兵,等.土壤p H与烤烟钾素营养关系的研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):276-283.Li C H,Liu Y S,He T B,et al.. Relation between soil pHand potassium nutrition of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Acta Pedol.Sin.,1999,36(2):276-283.
[15]张明发,朱列书.烤烟不同生育期供钾水平对叶片钾含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):23-25.Zhang M F,Zhu L S. Effects of potassium rate in differentgrowth stages on leaf potassium content of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,2009,30(1):23-25.
[16]韦忠,沈方科,王蕾,等.施用钙镁对烤烟钾吸收、循环和含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):66-70.Wei Z,Shen F K,Wang L,et al.. Effects of calcium andmagnesium application on uptake,circulation and content ofpotassium in flue-cured tobacco[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,2011,32(4):66-70.
[17]李强,周冀衡,何伟,等.中国烤烟钾含量的区域特征研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2010,37(2):363-368.Li Q,Zhou Y H,He W,et al.. Regional characteristics ofpotassium content in flue-cured tobacco of China[J]. J. AnhuiAgric. Univ.,2010,37(2):363-368.
[18]奚振邦.不同烟区烤烟钾含量差异初步研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,23(4):13-16.Xi Z B. Potassium content of flue-cured tobacco from differenttobacco production areas[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,2002,23(4):13-16.
[19]石屹,牛佩兰,窦玉清,等.培育富钾烟草品种降低烟叶焦油产生量[J].中国烟草科学,1997,18(4):15-17.Shi Y, Niu P L, Dou Y Q, et al.. Cultivating the richpotassium tobacco varieties to reduce tobacco tars generatingcontent[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,1997,18(4):15-17.
[20] Lawlor D. Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield:Mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems[J]. J. Exp. Bot.,2002,53(370):773-787.
[21] Hafsi C,Debez A,Abdelly C. Potassium deficiency in plants:effects and signaling cascades[J]. Acta Physiol. Plant,2014,36(5):1055-1070.
[22] Yanagisawa S. Transcription factors involved in controlling theexpression of nitrate reductase genes in higher plants[J]. PlantSci.,2014,229:167-171.
[23] Tischner R. Nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lowerplants[J]. Plant Cell Environ.,2000,23(10):1005-1024.
[2] Ma T,Wu W,Wang Y. Transcriptome analysis of rice rootresponses to potassium deficiency[J]. BMC Plant Biol.,2012,12(1):161.
[3] Amtmann A,Armengaud P. Effects of N,P,K and S onmetabolism:New knowledge gained from multi-level analysis[J]. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.,2009,12(3):275-283.
[4] Ruiz B,Romero L. Relationship between potassium fertilizationand nitrate assimilation in leaves and fruits of cucumber(Cucumis sativus)plants[J]. Ann. Appl. Biol.,2015,140(3):241-245.
[5] Armengaud P,Breitling R, Amtmann A. The potassium-dependent transcriptome of Arabidopsis reveals a prominent roleof jasmonic acid in nutrient signaling[J]. Plant Physiol.,2004,136(1):2556-2576.
[6] Kellermeier F,Chardon F,Amtmann A. Natural variation ofArabidopsis root architecture reveals complementing adaptivestrategies to potassium starvation[J]. Plant Physiol.,2013161(3):1421-1432.
[7] Gruber B, Giehl R, Friedel S, et al.. Plasticity of theArabidopsis root system under nutrient deficiencies[J]. PlantPhysiol.,2013,163(1):161-179.
[8] Gastal F,Lemaire G. N uptake and distribution in crops:anagronomical and ecophysiological perspective[J]. J. Exp.Bot.,2002,53(370):789-799.
[9]闫慧峰,石屹,李乃会,等.烟草钾素营养研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2013,15(1):123-129.Yan H F,Shi Y,Li N H,et al.. Studies of potassium nutritionin tobacco[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Tech. China,2013,15(1):123-129.
[10] Nelson D W,Somers L E. Determination of total nitrogen inplant material[J]. Agron. J.,1973,65:109-112.
[11]陶芾,滕婉,李春俭,等.我国烤烟生产体系中的养分平衡[J].中国烟草科学,2007,28(3):1-5.Tao F, Teng W, Li C, et al.. Nutrient input and outputbalance in flue-cured tobacco production in China[J]. Chin.Tob. Sci.,2007,28(3):1-5.
[12]颜丽,关连珠,栾双,等.土壤供钾状况及土壤湿度对我国北方烤烟烟叶钾含量的影响研究[J].土壤通报,2001,32(2):84-87.Yan L,Guan L Z,L S,et al.. Potassium content in tobaccoleaves related to soil potassium supply and soil moisture regimes[J]. Chin. Soil Sci.,2001,32(2):84-87.
[13]程辉斗,温永琴,陆富,等.土壤供钾水平与云南烤烟钾含量关系的研究[J].烟草科技,2000(3):41-43.Cheng H D,Wen Y Q,Lu F,et al.. Relationship of soilpotassium levels and potassium content of flue-cured tobacco inYunnan province[J]. Tob. Sci. Technol.,2000(3):41-43.
[14]黎成厚,刘元生,何腾兵,等.土壤p H与烤烟钾素营养关系的研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):276-283.Li C H,Liu Y S,He T B,et al.. Relation between soil pHand potassium nutrition of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Acta Pedol.Sin.,1999,36(2):276-283.
[15]张明发,朱列书.烤烟不同生育期供钾水平对叶片钾含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):23-25.Zhang M F,Zhu L S. Effects of potassium rate in differentgrowth stages on leaf potassium content of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,2009,30(1):23-25.
[16]韦忠,沈方科,王蕾,等.施用钙镁对烤烟钾吸收、循环和含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(4):66-70.Wei Z,Shen F K,Wang L,et al.. Effects of calcium andmagnesium application on uptake,circulation and content ofpotassium in flue-cured tobacco[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,2011,32(4):66-70.
[17]李强,周冀衡,何伟,等.中国烤烟钾含量的区域特征研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2010,37(2):363-368.Li Q,Zhou Y H,He W,et al.. Regional characteristics ofpotassium content in flue-cured tobacco of China[J]. J. AnhuiAgric. Univ.,2010,37(2):363-368.
[18]奚振邦.不同烟区烤烟钾含量差异初步研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,23(4):13-16.Xi Z B. Potassium content of flue-cured tobacco from differenttobacco production areas[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,2002,23(4):13-16.
[19]石屹,牛佩兰,窦玉清,等.培育富钾烟草品种降低烟叶焦油产生量[J].中国烟草科学,1997,18(4):15-17.Shi Y, Niu P L, Dou Y Q, et al.. Cultivating the richpotassium tobacco varieties to reduce tobacco tars generatingcontent[J]. Chin. Tob. Sci.,1997,18(4):15-17.
[20] Lawlor D. Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield:Mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems[J]. J. Exp. Bot.,2002,53(370):773-787.
[21] Hafsi C,Debez A,Abdelly C. Potassium deficiency in plants:effects and signaling cascades[J]. Acta Physiol. Plant,2014,36(5):1055-1070.
[22] Yanagisawa S. Transcription factors involved in controlling theexpression of nitrate reductase genes in higher plants[J]. PlantSci.,2014,229:167-171.
[23] Tischner R. Nitrate uptake and reduction in higher and lowerplants[J]. Plant Cell Environ.,2000,23(10):1005-1024.
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