丛枝真菌对镉胁迫小麦光合系统的调节作用
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摘要
为了探究丛枝真菌对镉(Cd)胁迫下小麦光合系统的调节作用,采用土培试验,以小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)百农207和摩西球囊霉菌(Glomus mosseae GS)为材料,研究了Cd胁迫下接种丛枝真菌对小麦叶片光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量、微量元素铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)和镉(Cd)含量的影响。结果表明,接种丛枝真菌的小麦在5 mg·kg~(-1)Cd胁迫下较未接种小麦,其光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别升高了11. 16%、21. 76%和14%,光化学最大效率和叶绿素含量分别升高了5. 56%和6. 56%,Fe、Mg和Zn含量分别升高了6. 63%、20%和4. 29%,Cd含量和胞间CO_2浓度分别降低了18. 50%和17. 62%; 10 mg·kg~(-1)Cd胁迫时,光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别升高了28. 65%、41. 25%和50%,光化学最大效率和叶绿素含量分别升高了1. 43%和15. 33%,Fe、Mg和Zn含量分别升高了7. 81%、30. 77%和9. 74%,Cd含量和胞间CO_2浓度分别降低了32. 20%和6. 45%。因此,接种丛枝真菌可以缓解Cd胁迫以及提高小麦叶绿素含量从而增强光合作用。
To investigate the regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi( AMF) on photosynthesis of wheat under cadmium( Cd) stress,the pot-experiment was carried out with wheat( Triticum aestivum L.) bainong 207 and Glomus mosseae( GS) as materials. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic rate,conductance to H_2O,transpiration rate,intercellular CO_2 concentration,chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll contents,trace element iron( Fe),magnesium( Mg),zinc( Zn) and cadmium( Cd) contents in wheat leaves were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,conductance to H_2O were increased by 11. 16%,21. 76% and14%,chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll content increased 5. 56% and 6. 56%,Fe,Mg and Zn contents increased 6. 63%,20% and 4. 29%,the content of Cd and intercellular CO_2 concentration decreased 18. 50% and 17. 62% under 5 mg·kg-1 Cd stress,respectively. Under 10 mg·kg~(-1) Cd stress,the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,conductance to H_2O were increased by 28. 65%,41. 25% and 50%; chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll content were increased by 1. 43% and 15. 33%; Fe,Mg and Zn contents by increased were 7. 81%,30. 77% and 9. 74%,but the contentof Cd and intercellular CO_2 concentration decreased 32. 20% and 6. 45%,respectively. Therefore,inoculation of AMF could alleviate Cd stress and increased the chlorophyll content of wheat to enhance photosynthesis.
To investigate the regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi( AMF) on photosynthesis of wheat under cadmium( Cd) stress,the pot-experiment was carried out with wheat( Triticum aestivum L.) bainong 207 and Glomus mosseae( GS) as materials. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic rate,conductance to H_2O,transpiration rate,intercellular CO_2 concentration,chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll contents,trace element iron( Fe),magnesium( Mg),zinc( Zn) and cadmium( Cd) contents in wheat leaves were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,conductance to H_2O were increased by 11. 16%,21. 76% and14%,chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll content increased 5. 56% and 6. 56%,Fe,Mg and Zn contents increased 6. 63%,20% and 4. 29%,the content of Cd and intercellular CO_2 concentration decreased 18. 50% and 17. 62% under 5 mg·kg-1 Cd stress,respectively. Under 10 mg·kg~(-1) Cd stress,the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,conductance to H_2O were increased by 28. 65%,41. 25% and 50%; chlorophyll fluorescence,chlorophyll content were increased by 1. 43% and 15. 33%; Fe,Mg and Zn contents by increased were 7. 81%,30. 77% and 9. 74%,but the contentof Cd and intercellular CO_2 concentration decreased 32. 20% and 6. 45%,respectively. Therefore,inoculation of AMF could alleviate Cd stress and increased the chlorophyll content of wheat to enhance photosynthesis.
引文
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[4]郭淑文.白银市郊区土壤与主要粮食作物污染情况调查[J].甘肃农业科技,2002,12:32-33.
[5]GIRISH C,SAIFULLAH,BOLAN N,et al.Cellular mechanisms in higher plants governing tolerance to cadmium toxicity[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2014,33(5):374-391.
[6]HE S Y,YANG X E,HE Z L,et al.Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity:A review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):421-438.
[7]GONCALVES J F,NICOLOSO F T,BECKER A G,et al.Photosynthetic pigments content,δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and acid phosphatase activities and mineral nutrients concentration in cadmium-exposed Cucumis sativus L.[J].Biologia,2009,64(2):310-318.
[8]WAN Y,LUO S L,CHEN J L,et al.Effect of endophyte-infection on growth parameters and Cd-induced phytotoxicity of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.[J].Chemosphere,2012,89(6):743-750.
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[12]LI Y P,WANG S L,PRETE D,et al.Accumulation and interaction of fluoride and cadmium in the soil-wheat plant system from the wastewater irrigated soil of an oasis region in northwest China[J].Science Total Environment,2017,595:344-351.
[13]MOULIS J M,THEVENOD F.New perspectives in cadmium toxicity:an introduction[J].Biometals,2010,23(5):763-768.
[14]陈亚茹,张巧凤,付必胜,等.中国小麦微核心种质籽粒铅、镉、锌积累差异性分析及低积累品种筛选[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(3):393-399.
[15]邢维芹,张红毅,吴龙华,等.镉冶炼污染区小麦子粒镉含量及低积累品种筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(10):2039-2040.
[16]陈剑芬,卢小静,曾碧健,等.根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌对重金属积累影响的研究进展[J].农业研究与应用,2017,3:72-77.
[17]张利红,李培军,李雪梅,等.镉胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):458-460.
[18]王发园,林先贵.丛枝菌根在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的作用[J].生态学报,2007,27(2):793-801.
[19]王立,安广楠,马放,等.AMF对镉污染条件下水稻抗逆性及根际固定性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(10):1882-1889.
[20]祖艳群,卢鑫,湛方栋,等.丛枝菌根真菌在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的作用及机理研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1538-1548.
[21]田野,张会慧,孟祥英,等.镉(Cd)污染土壤接种丛枝菌根真菌(Glomus mosseae)对黑麦草生长和光合的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(1):135-141.
[22]张晓松,孟祥英,王薇,等.丛枝菌根真菌对镉污染土壤中黑麦草幼苗生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(6):122-127.
[23]董曙光,郎法勇.不同配方营养液对水培高羊茅的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(6):2407-2408.
[24]CHEN F,FANG W,ZHANG G P,et al.Identification of barley varieties tolerant to cadmium toxicity[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2007,121(2):171-179.
[25]徐新娟,李勇超,张尚攀,等.两种叶绿素提取方法的比较[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(21):5303-5304;5321.
[26]BUSCEMA I,PRIETO A,ARAUJO L,et al.Determination of lead and cadmium content in the rice consumed in maracaibo,venezuela[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,1997,59(1):94-98.
[27]滕开琼,肖琳琳,刘诗慧,等.短时干旱胁迫对水旱稻叶绿素荧光的影响[J].河南农业,2018,4:59-60.
[28]PADMAJA K,DHULIPALA P D K,PARSAD A.Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in phaseolus vulgaris L.seedlings by cadmium acetate[J].Photosynthetica,1990,24:399-404.
[29]孙园园,关萍,何杉,等.镉胁迫对多花黑麦草镉积累特征、生理抗性及超微结构的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(8):1589-1597.
[30]SOMASHEKARAIAH B V,PADMAJA K,PRASAD AR K.Phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on germinating seedlings of mung bean(Phaseolus vulgaris):Involvement of lipid peroxides in chlorophyll degradation[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1992,85(1):85-89.
[31]王全九.土壤物理与作物生长模型[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2016.
[32]FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
[33]MUKHOPADHYAY M,DAS A,SUBBA P H,et al.Structural,physiological,and biochemical profiling of tea plantlets under zinc stress[J].Biologia Plantarum,2013,57(3):474-480.
[34]FLEXAS J.Mesophyll conductance to CO2:current knowledge and future prospects[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2008,31(5):602-621.
[35]刘超,胡正华,陈健,等.不同CO2浓度升高水平对水稻光合特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):246-254.
[36]姚宇洁,姜存仓.缺铁胁迫柑橘砧木幼苗的光合特性和叶绿体超微结构[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1345-1351.
[37]沈洁.镁缓解榧树苗木铅胁迫的作用及其机理[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2016.
[38]ASSCHE F V,CLIJSTERS H.Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2010,13(3):195-206.
[39]NAN Z R,LI J J,ZHANG J M,et al.Cadmium and zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2002,285(1-3):187-195.
[40]郑洁,胡美君,郭延平.光质对植物光合作用的调控及其机理[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(7):1619-1624.
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