民勤绿洲区撂荒农耕地抗风蚀效果
|
摘要
通过风洞试验,在5个风速下对民勤绿洲区5种不同撂荒年限农耕地的土壤风蚀速率、0—20cm风沙流结构进行了模拟观测研究。结果表明:农耕地撂荒20年后土壤风蚀速率明显增加,撂荒30,40年土壤风蚀速率是其他处理的2.40～4.97倍。不同撂荒年限土壤风蚀速率均随风速的增大呈指数函数递增,但在撂荒30,40年条件下递增较快。风速为14m/s是民勤绿洲农田土壤风蚀加剧的转折点,当风速>14m/s时,农耕地撂荒20年后的土壤风蚀速率明显高于撂荒20年内。0—20cm内,农耕地撂荒20年内和撂荒20年后输沙率与高度分别呈负线性和负指数关系,农耕地撂荒20年内0—4cm输沙量和输沙量百分比(Q0—4/Q0—20)均低于撂荒30,40年。随着撂荒年限的延长,农田表层不可蚀性颗粒(粒径≥1mm的团聚体及粗砂砾)的含量明显降低,且土壤风蚀速率随不可蚀性颗粒含量的增加呈非线性降低趋势。因此,增强民勤荒漠绿洲区撂荒农耕地抗风蚀能力需适当减少撂荒年限。
Through wind tunnel experiment in the Minqin oasis desert region,the soil wind erosion rate and blown sand structure of 0-20 cm in five cropland abandoned for different years were simulated under five wind speeds.The results indicated that mean soil wind erosion rate increased significantly in the cropland abandoned more than 20 years,and the soil wind erosion rates of abandoned 30 and 40years croplands was2.40 ～4.97 times that of other treatments.The exponential functions were found between rate of wind erosion and wind speed in all the five abandoned cropland,and the wind erosion rate increased faster with the increasing of wind speed in 30 and 40years abandoned cropland.Wind speed of 14 m/s was the significant point for aggravating soil wind erosion.When the wind speed was greater than 14m/s,soil wind erosion rate of cropland abandoned more than 20 years was significantly higher than that of abandoned within 20 years.In0-20 cm,there was a negative linear relationship between the rate of sediment transport and the height in the cropland abandoned within 20 years,and negative exponential functions were founded in cropland abandoned 30 or 40years.The total volume of sand transport in 0-4cm and sand transport percent between0-4cm and 0-20cm(Q0—4/Q0—20)in the cropland abandoned within 20 years were less than those of cropland abandoned more than 20 years.With the increasing of the abandoned years,the content of nonerodible soil particles(aggregates and coarse grits larger than 1mm)in the surface soil layer significantly reduced,and soil wind erosion rate decreased by a negative line function with the increasing of nonerodible soil particles content.Thus abandoned years should be properly reduced in order to increase soil resistance to wind erosion in this region.
Through wind tunnel experiment in the Minqin oasis desert region,the soil wind erosion rate and blown sand structure of 0-20 cm in five cropland abandoned for different years were simulated under five wind speeds.The results indicated that mean soil wind erosion rate increased significantly in the cropland abandoned more than 20 years,and the soil wind erosion rates of abandoned 30 and 40years croplands was2.40 ～4.97 times that of other treatments.The exponential functions were found between rate of wind erosion and wind speed in all the five abandoned cropland,and the wind erosion rate increased faster with the increasing of wind speed in 30 and 40years abandoned cropland.Wind speed of 14 m/s was the significant point for aggravating soil wind erosion.When the wind speed was greater than 14m/s,soil wind erosion rate of cropland abandoned more than 20 years was significantly higher than that of abandoned within 20 years.In0-20 cm,there was a negative linear relationship between the rate of sediment transport and the height in the cropland abandoned within 20 years,and negative exponential functions were founded in cropland abandoned 30 or 40years.The total volume of sand transport in 0-4cm and sand transport percent between0-4cm and 0-20cm(Q0—4/Q0—20)in the cropland abandoned within 20 years were less than those of cropland abandoned more than 20 years.With the increasing of the abandoned years,the content of nonerodible soil particles(aggregates and coarse grits larger than 1mm)in the surface soil layer significantly reduced,and soil wind erosion rate decreased by a negative line function with the increasing of nonerodible soil particles content.Thus abandoned years should be properly reduced in order to increase soil resistance to wind erosion in this region.
引文
[1]臧英,高焕文.国外农田风蚀发生机理与防治技术的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):195-198.
[2]赵宏亮.不同耕作方式防治农田土壤风蚀效果的比较研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006.
[3]依笑,王仁德,常春平,等.风蚀作用下农田土壤细颗粒的粒度损失特征及其对土壤性质影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):104-109,119.
[4] Yan Y C,Wang X,Guo Z J,et al.Influence of wind erosion on dry aggregate size distribution and nutrients in three steppe soils in northern China[J].Catena,2018,170:159-168.
[5]南岭,董治宝,肖锋军.农牧交错带农田土壤风蚀PM10释放特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1079-1084.
[6]李昂,高天鹏,张鸣,等.西北风蚀区植被覆盖对土壤风蚀动态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):120-123.
[7]南岭,杜灵通,展秀丽.土壤风蚀可蚀性研究进展[J].土壤,2014,46(2):204-211.
[8]贺访印,王继和,刘世增,等.河西地区沙产业可持续发展刍议[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):481-485.
[9]王萍,王燕.民勤荒漠-绿洲过渡带不同下垫面条件的土壤风蚀特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(11):138-145.
[10]王彦武,罗玲,张峰,等.民勤县绿洲边缘固沙林防风蚀效应研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(4):64-70.
[11] Dong Z B,Man D Q,Luo W Y,et al.Horizontal aeolian sediment flux in the Minqin area,a major source of Chinese dust storms[J].Geomorphology,2010,116(1/2):58-66.
[12] Bo T L,Zheng X J.A field observational study of electrification within a dust storm in Minqin,China[J].Aeolian Research,2013,8:39-47.
[13] Sun D F.Detection of dryland degradation using Landsat spectral unmixing remote sensing with syndrome concept in Minqin County,China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2015,41:34-45.
[14] Prishchepov A V,Radeloff V C,Baumann M,et al.Effects of institutional changes on land use:Agricultural land abandonment during the transition from state-command to market-driven economies in post-Soviet Eastern Europe[J].Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(2):1-13.
[15] Huo Z L,Feng S Y,Kang S Z,et al.The response of water-land environment to human activities in arid Minqin oasis,northwest China[J].Arid Land Research and Management,2007,21(1):21-36.
[16]刘目兴,王静爱,严平,等.垄作对旱作农田土壤风蚀影响的风洞实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):54-57.
[17]张文颖,张恩和,景锐,等.河西绿洲灌区春小麦留茬免耕的防风蚀效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):244-249.
[18]张超,刘国彬,薛萐,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒农耕地土壤有效态微量元素演变特征[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3809-3817.
[19]王军强,刘立超,杨义荣,等.民勤绿洲区撂荒农耕地土壤有机碳变化特征及影响因素[J].土壤,2015,47(5):932-939.
[20]邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.
[2]赵宏亮.不同耕作方式防治农田土壤风蚀效果的比较研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2006.
[3]依笑,王仁德,常春平,等.风蚀作用下农田土壤细颗粒的粒度损失特征及其对土壤性质影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):104-109,119.
[4] Yan Y C,Wang X,Guo Z J,et al.Influence of wind erosion on dry aggregate size distribution and nutrients in three steppe soils in northern China[J].Catena,2018,170:159-168.
[5]南岭,董治宝,肖锋军.农牧交错带农田土壤风蚀PM10释放特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1079-1084.
[6]李昂,高天鹏,张鸣,等.西北风蚀区植被覆盖对土壤风蚀动态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):120-123.
[7]南岭,杜灵通,展秀丽.土壤风蚀可蚀性研究进展[J].土壤,2014,46(2):204-211.
[8]贺访印,王继和,刘世增,等.河西地区沙产业可持续发展刍议[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):481-485.
[9]王萍,王燕.民勤荒漠-绿洲过渡带不同下垫面条件的土壤风蚀特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(11):138-145.
[10]王彦武,罗玲,张峰,等.民勤县绿洲边缘固沙林防风蚀效应研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(4):64-70.
[11] Dong Z B,Man D Q,Luo W Y,et al.Horizontal aeolian sediment flux in the Minqin area,a major source of Chinese dust storms[J].Geomorphology,2010,116(1/2):58-66.
[12] Bo T L,Zheng X J.A field observational study of electrification within a dust storm in Minqin,China[J].Aeolian Research,2013,8:39-47.
[13] Sun D F.Detection of dryland degradation using Landsat spectral unmixing remote sensing with syndrome concept in Minqin County,China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2015,41:34-45.
[14] Prishchepov A V,Radeloff V C,Baumann M,et al.Effects of institutional changes on land use:Agricultural land abandonment during the transition from state-command to market-driven economies in post-Soviet Eastern Europe[J].Environmental Research Letters,2012,7(2):1-13.
[15] Huo Z L,Feng S Y,Kang S Z,et al.The response of water-land environment to human activities in arid Minqin oasis,northwest China[J].Arid Land Research and Management,2007,21(1):21-36.
[16]刘目兴,王静爱,严平,等.垄作对旱作农田土壤风蚀影响的风洞实验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):54-57.
[17]张文颖,张恩和,景锐,等.河西绿洲灌区春小麦留茬免耕的防风蚀效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):244-249.
[18]张超,刘国彬,薛萐,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒农耕地土壤有效态微量元素演变特征[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3809-3817.
[19]王军强,刘立超,杨义荣,等.民勤绿洲区撂荒农耕地土壤有机碳变化特征及影响因素[J].土壤,2015,47(5):932-939.
[20]邹学勇,张春来,程宏,等.土壤风蚀模型中的影响因子分类与表达[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(8):875-889.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |