基于GIS的抚仙湖流域土地利用时空变化研究
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摘要
高原湖泊是流域内生产生活的重要水源地,维系着当地经济社会的发展,对于调节气候和美化环境起着不可替代的重要作用。由于城镇化的推进和旅游产业的发展,湖泊流域空间格局发生变化,高原湖泊环境污染加剧。以云南省抚仙湖流域为研究对象,运用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计方法,基于2005～2015年3期遥感影像从土地利用幅度变化、土地利用转移类型和土地利用动态度3个方面分析了流域10 a来土地利用时空变化特征。结果表明:①抚仙湖流域土地利用类型以湖泊水面、有林地、旱地、水田和草地为主,水田、有林地和建设用地面积增长,旱地、草地和灌木林地面积减少,园地、湖泊水面和未利用地面积先增后减,水库坑塘先减后增;②土地利用转换类型以农用地向建设用地转移、耕地内部转移和耕地向林地转移3类为主;③不同时期不同地类不同区域的土地利用动态度存在较大差异,2010～2015年与2005～2010年相比,变化更为剧烈,其他建设用地动态度最高,湖泊水面动态度最低,动态度较高的区域分布于湖泊北岸以及西岸中部,而流域北部边缘、西部边缘的动态度较低。研究成果可为该流域生态环境的保护和土地资源的可持续利用提供理论参考。
Plateau lakes are important water sources for production and living conditions, maintaining the development of local economy and society, which play an irreplaceable role in regulating climate and beautifying the environment. Due to the promotion of urbanization and the development of tourism industry, the spatial pattern of lake basins has changed, and the pollution of plateau lakes has intensified. In this paper, Fuxian Lake Basin was taken as the research object. Based on the three remote sensing images from 2005 to 2015, GIS spatial analysis technology and mathematical statistics method, the temporal and spatial change characteristics of land use in the past 10 years were analyzed from three aspects: land conversion amplitude, conversion type and dynamic degree. The results showed that:① the lake water, forest lands, dry land, paddy field and grassland were the main land use types in Fuxian Lake Basin, the area of paddy field, forest, construction land increased, the dry land, grassland and shrub land decreased. The garden plot, lake water, and the unused land increased at first and then decreased, the pits and ponds of the reservoir decreased at first and then increased;② The land conversion types were mainly the transfer from agricultural land to construction land, the internal transfer of cultivated land, and the transfer from cultivated land to forest land;③ From 2005 to 2015, there was a big difference in land use dynamics between different periods, land types and regions. During 2010～2015, the change was more severe than the previous five years. The other construction land had the highest dynamic degree, and the lake water surface had the lowest dynamic degree. The regions with higher dynamic degree were distributed in the northern shore of the lake and the central part of the western bank, while the dynamic degree on the northern and western margins of the basin were lower. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the ecological environment protection and the sustainable utilization of land resources in this basin.
Plateau lakes are important water sources for production and living conditions, maintaining the development of local economy and society, which play an irreplaceable role in regulating climate and beautifying the environment. Due to the promotion of urbanization and the development of tourism industry, the spatial pattern of lake basins has changed, and the pollution of plateau lakes has intensified. In this paper, Fuxian Lake Basin was taken as the research object. Based on the three remote sensing images from 2005 to 2015, GIS spatial analysis technology and mathematical statistics method, the temporal and spatial change characteristics of land use in the past 10 years were analyzed from three aspects: land conversion amplitude, conversion type and dynamic degree. The results showed that:① the lake water, forest lands, dry land, paddy field and grassland were the main land use types in Fuxian Lake Basin, the area of paddy field, forest, construction land increased, the dry land, grassland and shrub land decreased. The garden plot, lake water, and the unused land increased at first and then decreased, the pits and ponds of the reservoir decreased at first and then increased;② The land conversion types were mainly the transfer from agricultural land to construction land, the internal transfer of cultivated land, and the transfer from cultivated land to forest land;③ From 2005 to 2015, there was a big difference in land use dynamics between different periods, land types and regions. During 2010～2015, the change was more severe than the previous five years. The other construction land had the highest dynamic degree, and the lake water surface had the lowest dynamic degree. The regions with higher dynamic degree were distributed in the northern shore of the lake and the central part of the western bank, while the dynamic degree on the northern and western margins of the basin were lower. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the ecological environment protection and the sustainable utilization of land resources in this basin.
引文
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[21] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,等.2000～2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894-901.
[22] 彭睿文,罗娅,陈起伟,等.石漠化治理区小尺度土地利用变化及其驱动机制分析:以花江石漠化治理区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(12):2073-2082.
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[24] 李丽娟,杨俊伟,姜德娟,等.20世纪90年代无定河流域土地利用的时空变化[J].地理研究,2005(4):527-534,656.
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[26] 邓彦,沈海燕,王佩,等.近30a瀛湖流域土地利用时空变化的遥感分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(13):16-19,94.
[27] 李灿,曾和平.基于面积转移矩阵的龙川江流域土地利用变化研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(17):39-44,51.
[2] Dale V H.The relationship between land use change and climate change[J].Ecological Application,1997,7(3):753-769.
[3] 李玉辉,朱泽云,丁智强,等.云南石林巴江河岸土地利用/土地覆被结构变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):279-284.
[4] 裴亮,刘阳,陈晨.大凌河流域土地利用/覆被变化及其对气候变化的响应研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(9):1403-1410.
[5] 王宏,唐娟.拜城绿洲盆地土地利用/土地覆被动态变化研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(22):155-158,213.
[6] 裴杰,王力,柴子为,等.基于RS和GIS的深圳市土地利用/覆被变化及碳效应分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):227-233.
[7] 李丽国,王宇欣,邱硕,等.乌鲁木齐市土地利用和覆被生态变化及其驱动力分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(6):177-188.
[8] 冯异星,罗格平,周德成,等.近50 a土地利用变化对干旱区典型流域景观格局的影响:以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4295-4305.
[9] 朱磊,张丽,王新军.近40 a玛纳斯河流域典型土地利用变化特征与趋势分析[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(10):1914-1922.
[10] 闫国振,张征,梁康,等.鄂尔多斯高原泊江海子流域土地利用动态变化及驱动因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(11):1693-1706.
[11] 徐苏,张永勇,窦明,等.长江流域土地利用时空变化特征及其径流效应[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(4):426-436.
[12] 任斐鹏,江源,熊兴,等.东江流域近20年土地利用变化的时空差异特征分析[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):143-152.
[13] 吴红霞,木合塔尔·艾买提,张辉,等.阿克苏灌区土地利用格局变化图谱及驱动力分析[J].长江科学院院报,2018,35(7):147-152,158.
[14] 张文帅,王飞,穆兴民,等.近25年延河流域土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(5):149-153.
[15] 孟瑶瑶,薛丽芳.南四湖流域土地利用及其景观格局变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):246-252.
[16] 杨超,王金亮.流域土地退化研究综述[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(1):73-78.
[17] 王小雷,杨浩,丁兆运,等.云南抚仙湖近现代沉积速率变化研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1551-1561.
[18] 王小雷.云南高原湖泊近现代沉积环境变化研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[19] 王桂林,杨昆,许泉立,等.基于MAS与CA的滇池流域土地利用变化模型研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(8):172-178,190.
[20] 刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.
[21] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,等.2000～2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894-901.
[22] 彭睿文,罗娅,陈起伟,等.石漠化治理区小尺度土地利用变化及其驱动机制分析:以花江石漠化治理区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(12):2073-2082.
[23] 韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用变化特征及驱动机制[J].经济地理,2015,35(5):148-154,197.
[24] 李丽娟,杨俊伟,姜德娟,等.20世纪90年代无定河流域土地利用的时空变化[J].地理研究,2005(4):527-534,656.
[25] 刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.
[26] 邓彦,沈海燕,王佩,等.近30a瀛湖流域土地利用时空变化的遥感分析[J].人民长江,2017,48(13):16-19,94.
[27] 李灿,曾和平.基于面积转移矩阵的龙川江流域土地利用变化研究[J].人民长江,2018,49(17):39-44,51.