绿洲城市伊宁市表层土壤重金属污染特征及其生态风险评价
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摘要
采用单因子污染指数、污染负荷指数和潜在生态风险指数对伊宁市主城区表层土壤的53个样品中Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Cr、Hg 7种金属元素的含量和污染特征进行评价。结果表明:(1)伊宁市主城区表层土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Hg的含量是其新疆土壤背景值的1. 17、3. 24、0. 9、2. 2、1. 33、0. 68、0. 66倍,除个别重金属外各重金属之间存在不同程度的显著相关性;(2)单因子污染指数结果表明Pb为重度污染,Hg为中度污染,Ni和Cu属于轻度污染,Zn、Cr、Mn没有被污染;土壤重金属的污染负荷指数PLI平均值为1. 20,属于轻度污染;(3)Hg存在较强的生态风险,其余6种重金属都存在轻微程度的生态风险,综合潜在生态风险指数均值为139. 15,属于中等生态风险,Hg是伊宁市地表土壤潜在生态风险主要的影响因子。
The content and pollution characteristics of Pb,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Cr and Hg in 53 samples of Yining main urban area were evaluated by single factor pollution index,pollution load index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that:(1) The contents of Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,and Hg in the soil of Yining City were 1. 17,3. 24,0. 9,2. 2,1. 33,0. 68,and 0. 66 times higher than the soil background values in Xinjiang;there was a significant correlation among the heavy metals except some heavy metals. There were significant correlations among different levels of heavy metals in addition to few heavy metals.(2) Results of single factor pollution index show that Pb was heavily polluted. Hg was moderately polluted,Ni and Cu were mildly polluted,and Zn,Cr,and Mn were pollution-free. The average PLI of the pollution load index was 1. 20,which was light pollution; the average Merowuo index was 3. 08,indicating heavy pollution.(3) Hg had strong ecological risk,and the remaining 6 heavy metals had slight ecological risk. The average value of the comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 139. 15,which was a moderate ecological risk. Hg was the main impact factor of the potential ecological risk of surface soil in Yining City.
The content and pollution characteristics of Pb,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Cr and Hg in 53 samples of Yining main urban area were evaluated by single factor pollution index,pollution load index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that:(1) The contents of Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,and Hg in the soil of Yining City were 1. 17,3. 24,0. 9,2. 2,1. 33,0. 68,and 0. 66 times higher than the soil background values in Xinjiang;there was a significant correlation among the heavy metals except some heavy metals. There were significant correlations among different levels of heavy metals in addition to few heavy metals.(2) Results of single factor pollution index show that Pb was heavily polluted. Hg was moderately polluted,Ni and Cu were mildly polluted,and Zn,Cr,and Mn were pollution-free. The average PLI of the pollution load index was 1. 20,which was light pollution; the average Merowuo index was 3. 08,indicating heavy pollution.(3) Hg had strong ecological risk,and the remaining 6 heavy metals had slight ecological risk. The average value of the comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 139. 15,which was a moderate ecological risk. Hg was the main impact factor of the potential ecological risk of surface soil in Yining City.
引文
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[30]管后春,李运怀,彭苗枝,等.黄山城市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].中国地质,2013,40(6):1949-1958.
[31]丁建丽,王飞.干旱区大尺度土壤盐度信息环境建模-以新疆天山南北中低海拔冲积平原为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):64-78.
[32]宁晓波,项文化,方晰,等.贵阳花溪区石灰土林地土壤重金属含量特征及其污染评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):2169-2177.
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[35]朱永官,李刚,张甘霖,等.土壤安全:从地球关键带到生态系统服务[J].地理学报,2015,70(12):1859-1869.
[36]邵莉,肖化云,吴代赦,等.交通源重金属污染研究进展[J].地球与环境,2012,40(3):445-459.
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[38]苏文会,封焕英,范少辉,等.铅锌矿区毛竹林土壤重金属的分布特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(7):1877-1880.
[39]王初,陈振楼,王京,等.上海市崇明岛公路两侧土壤重金属污染研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(1):105-108.
[2]赵涵,吴绍华,徐晓晔,等.城市土壤无机碳空间分布特征及其与城市化历史的关系[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1540-1546.
[3]王琪琪,濮励杰,朱明,等.沿海滩涂围垦区土壤质量演变研究-以江苏省如东县为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):256-264.
[4]张军,董洁,梁青芳,等.宝鸡城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(10):100-106.
[5]汤洁,陈初雨,李海毅,等.大庆市建成区土壤重金属潜在生态危害和健康风险评价[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):117-122.
[6]李建国,濮励杰,廖启林,等.无锡市土壤重金属富集的梯度效应与来源差异[J].地理科学,2014,34(4):496-504.
[7]曾丽婷,陈永康,王学松.城市表层土壤重金属与磁化率的多尺度空间变异分析[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):987-995.
[8]陈轶楠,张永清,张希云,等.晋南某钢厂周边土壤重金属与磁化率分布规律及其相关性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):85-91.
[9]任永霞.陕北矿区重金属污染土壤的微生物-植物联合修复技术研究[D].西安:西北大学,2011.
[10]郭伟,孙文惠,赵仁鑫,等.呼和浩特市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1561-1567.
[11]戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[12]陈婧.典型金属矿山城市土壤重金属污染及健康风险评估[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013.
[13]汤洁,陈初雨,李海毅,等.大庆市建成区土壤重金属潜在生态危害和健康风险评价[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):117-122.
[14]王美娥,彭驰,陈卫平.宁夏干旱地区工业区对农田土壤重金属累积的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3532-3539.
[15]颜斌,南忠仁,武文飞,等.干旱区绿洲土壤外源Pb对油菜生长和吸收Cd、Zn的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):56-60.
[16]麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜,阿吉古丽·马木提,艾尼瓦尔·买买提,等.博斯腾湖流域绿洲农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].地理学报,2017,72(9):1680-1694.
[17]赵新儒,特拉津·那斯尔,程永毅,等.伊犁河流域土壤重金属环境地球化学基线研究及污染评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2392-2400.
[18]陈洪,特拉津·那斯尔,杨剑虹.伊犁河流域土壤重金属含量空间分布及其环境现状研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):100-105.
[19]陈洪,邓睿,特拉津·那斯尔.伊犁河流域土壤中As、Hg环境地球化学基线及环境现状研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(26):217-223.
[20]邓睿,陈洪,程永毅,等.伊犁河流域土壤Cu、Zn、Pb地球化学基线值估算与研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(14):229-233.
[21]陈勇,张文新,齐誉,等.石河子市区土壤微量汞空间分布及风险评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):430-438.
[22]王文全,郑春霞,侯静瑶.乌鲁木齐市米东区农田土壤镉污染调查与分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(7):61-64.
[23]斯琴.乌鲁木齐市郊安宁渠区农田土壤重金属污染现状调查与分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2017.
[24]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[25]刘德新,马建华,孙艳丽,等.开封市城市土壤磁化率空间分布及对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤学报,2014,51(6):1242-1250.
[26]汤洁,天琴,李海毅,等.哈尔滨市表土重金属地球化学基线的确定及污染程度评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(10):2408-2413.
[27]赖营帅.新疆典型地区土壤和农作物重金属污染研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.
[28]王利军.宝鸡市街尘、土壤及渭河沉积物重金属污染研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2008.
[29]Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research,1980,14:975-1001.
[30]管后春,李运怀,彭苗枝,等.黄山城市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].中国地质,2013,40(6):1949-1958.
[31]丁建丽,王飞.干旱区大尺度土壤盐度信息环境建模-以新疆天山南北中低海拔冲积平原为例[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):64-78.
[32]宁晓波,项文化,方晰,等.贵阳花溪区石灰土林地土壤重金属含量特征及其污染评价[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):2169-2177.
[33]张春梅.城市土壤重金属的污染和生态风险评价[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[34]盛蒂,朱兰保,戚晓明,等.蚌埠市区土壤重金属积累特征及生态风险评价[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):715-720.
[35]朱永官,李刚,张甘霖,等.土壤安全:从地球关键带到生态系统服务[J].地理学报,2015,70(12):1859-1869.
[36]邵莉,肖化云,吴代赦,等.交通源重金属污染研究进展[J].地球与环境,2012,40(3):445-459.
[37]陈红.青岛市循环经济及土壤重金属环境污染研究与评价[D].青岛:青岛科技大学,2010.
[38]苏文会,封焕英,范少辉,等.铅锌矿区毛竹林土壤重金属的分布特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(7):1877-1880.
[39]王初,陈振楼,王京,等.上海市崇明岛公路两侧土壤重金属污染研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(1):105-108.