中国城镇化进程对生态系统服务价值的影响
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摘要
研究城镇化进程对生态系统服务价值的影响,为今后城市的可持续化发展提供参考。以中国各地级市为研究单元,利用1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年的中国地市级城镇化指标数据和全国土地利用数据,通过相关计算以及SPSS相关性分析,定量评价中国各地级市的城镇化水平特征、生态系统服务价值量变化以及之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)中国主要地级市城镇化水平都呈逐渐递增趋势,城镇化进程呈阶段性特征。城镇化水平的空间格局表现为高值集聚性,形成了京津冀、长三角和珠三角等综合城镇化水平高值集聚区。(2)中国的生态系统服务价值25年间减少1 105.68亿元,年均减少44.23亿元,总体呈减少趋势。各地级市生态系统服务价值空间分布差距较大,总体空间分布呈现西高东低、北高南低的趋势。(3)人口城镇化和经济城镇化是主要导致生态系统服务价值减少的因素。土地城镇化是通过土地利用变化直接影响生态系统服务价值。社会城镇化则影响生态系统服务功能的结构。总体来说,城镇化会导致生态系统服务价值功能总值降低。综合城镇化水平和生态系统服务价值功能之间存在明显负相关关系,Pearson系数为-0.876,并通过0.05信条水平检验。
We studied the impact of urbanization on ecosystem services value,and provided a reference for the sustainable development of cities in the future.The prefecture-level cities in China were took as the research units,data on urbanization indicators and national land use data from 1990,1995,2000,2005,2010 and2015 were used.Through correlation calculation and SPSS correlation analysis,the urbanization level characteristics of China′s prefecture-level cities,the change of ecosystem service value and the correlation between them can be quantitatively evaluated.The results showed that:(1)the urbanization level of China′s major prefecture-level cities was gradually increasing,and the urbanization process was characterized by stages;the spatial pattern of urbanization was characterized by high value agglomeration,forming the Beijing-TianjinHebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and other comprehensive urbanization level high value gathering area;(2)the values of ecosystem services in China had decreased by 110 billion 568 million yuan in the past 5 years,with an average annual decrease of 4 billion 423 million yuan,showing a decreasing trend;the spatial distribution of ecosystem service values in different levels of cities were quite different,and the overall spatial distribution showed the trend of the high level in the west,low level in the east,high level in the north and the low level in the south;(3)population urbanization and economic urbanization are the main factors that lead to the decrease of ecosystem service value;land urbanization directly affects the values of ecosystem services through land use change;the social urbanization affects the structure of ecosystem servicefunction.Generally speaking,urbanization will lead to the decrease of ecosystem services value.There is a significant negative correlation between the level of urbanization and the value function of ecosystem services.The Pearson coefficient is-0.876,and is tested by 0.05 belief level.
We studied the impact of urbanization on ecosystem services value,and provided a reference for the sustainable development of cities in the future.The prefecture-level cities in China were took as the research units,data on urbanization indicators and national land use data from 1990,1995,2000,2005,2010 and2015 were used.Through correlation calculation and SPSS correlation analysis,the urbanization level characteristics of China′s prefecture-level cities,the change of ecosystem service value and the correlation between them can be quantitatively evaluated.The results showed that:(1)the urbanization level of China′s major prefecture-level cities was gradually increasing,and the urbanization process was characterized by stages;the spatial pattern of urbanization was characterized by high value agglomeration,forming the Beijing-TianjinHebei,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and other comprehensive urbanization level high value gathering area;(2)the values of ecosystem services in China had decreased by 110 billion 568 million yuan in the past 5 years,with an average annual decrease of 4 billion 423 million yuan,showing a decreasing trend;the spatial distribution of ecosystem service values in different levels of cities were quite different,and the overall spatial distribution showed the trend of the high level in the west,low level in the east,high level in the north and the low level in the south;(3)population urbanization and economic urbanization are the main factors that lead to the decrease of ecosystem service value;land urbanization directly affects the values of ecosystem services through land use change;the social urbanization affects the structure of ecosystem servicefunction.Generally speaking,urbanization will lead to the decrease of ecosystem services value.There is a significant negative correlation between the level of urbanization and the value function of ecosystem services.The Pearson coefficient is-0.876,and is tested by 0.05 belief level.
引文
[1]张军涛,刘丽莉.城市与区域可持续发展[M].辽宁大连:东北财经大学出版社,2008.
[2]陆大道,姚士谋,刘慧.2006中国区域发展报告:城镇化进程及空间扩张[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007.
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[4]王德利,方创琳,杨青山,等.基于城市化质量的中国城市化发展速度判定分析[J].地理科学,2010,16(5):643-650.
[5]张同升,梁进社,宋金平.中国城市化水平测定研究综述[J].城市发展研究,2002,9(2):36-41.
[6]陈明星,陆大道,张华.中国城市化水平的综合测度及其动力因子分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):387-398.
[7]臧锐,张鹏,杨青山,等.吉林省城市化水平综合测度及时空演变[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1231-1237.
[8] Butchart S,Dieme-Amting E,Gitay H,et al.Ecosystems and human well-being:wetland and water synthesis[M].Washington Dc:World Resources Institute,2005.
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[12]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资源的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[13] Farber S C,Costanza R,Wilson M A.Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services[J].Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):375-392.
[14] Bennett E M,Peterson G D,Gordon L J.Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services.[J].Ecology Letters,2010,12(12):1394-1404.
[15] Bryan B A,Grandgirard A,Ward J R.Quantifying and exploring strategic regional priorities for managing natural capital and ecosystem services given multiple stakeholder perspectives[J].Ecosystems,2010,13(4):539-555.
[16] Krishnaswamy J,Bawa K S,Ganeshaiah K N,et al.Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services:Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(4):857-867.
[17] Estoque R C,Murayama Y.Landscape pattern and ecosystem service value changes:Implications for environmental sustainability planning for the rapidly urbanizing summer capital of the Philippines[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2013,116(4):60-72.
[18] Long H,Liu Y,Hou X,et al.Effects of land use transitions due to rapid urbanization on ecosystem services:Implications for urban planning in the new developing area of China[J].Habitat International,2014,44:536-544.
[19]谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47-53.
[20]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-490.
[21]吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富,等.长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):411-416.
[22]王宗明,张柏,张树清.吉林省生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1):55-61.
[23]梁发超,刘黎明,许瑾璐.闽北典型盆地土地利用系统协调性研究:以周宁县狮浦盆地为例[J].地理科学,2011,31(4):447-449.
[24]吴海珍,阿如旱,郭田保,等.基于RS和GIS的内蒙古多伦县土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):110-116.
[25]窦玥,戴尔阜.区域土地利用变化对生态系统脆弱性影响评估:以广州市花都区为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(2):311-321.
[26]周国华,贺艳华.长沙城市土地扩张特征及影响因素[J].地理学报,2006,61(11):1171-1180.
[27]朱文泉,张锦水,潘耀忠,等.中国陆地生态系统生态资产测量及其动态变化分析[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):586-594.
[28]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[29]孙洪波,杨桂山,万容容,等.昆山生态系统服务价值变化及其驱动力差异性分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(8):759-764.
[30]严恩萍,林辉,王广兴,等.1990—2011年三峡库区生态系统服务价值演变及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5962-5973.
[31]赵小汎.土地利用生态服务价值指标体系评估结果比较研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(1):98-105.
[32]张凤太,苏维词,赵卫权.基于土地利用/覆被变化的重庆城市生态系统服务价值研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008,24(3):21-25.
[33]岳书平,张树文,闫业超.东北样带土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].地理学报,2007,62(8):879-886.
[34]满苏尔沙比提,陆吐布拉依明.新疆南疆地区土地利用变化及其生态效应[J].地理科学,2011,31(4):440-446.
[35]秦伟,朱清科,赖亚飞.退耕还林工程生态价值评估与补:以陕西省吴起县为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):159-164.
[36]孟悦.宁波市城市化发展对区域生态系统服务价值的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(6):81-86.
[37]赵卫,刘景双,孔凡娥,等.城市化对区域生态足迹供需的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):120-126.
[38]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[39]蔡邦成,周慧平.昆山城市化与生态系统服务的关系定量研究[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(4):40-42.
[40]张骞,高明,杨乐,等.1988—2013年重庆市主城九区生态用地空间结构及其生态系统服务价值变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):566-575.
[41]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[42]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[43]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1243-1254.
[2]陆大道,姚士谋,刘慧.2006中国区域发展报告:城镇化进程及空间扩张[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007.
[3] Grimm N B,Faeth S H,Golubiewski N E,et al.Global change and the ecology of cities[J].Science,2008,319(5864):756-760.
[4]王德利,方创琳,杨青山,等.基于城市化质量的中国城市化发展速度判定分析[J].地理科学,2010,16(5):643-650.
[5]张同升,梁进社,宋金平.中国城市化水平测定研究综述[J].城市发展研究,2002,9(2):36-41.
[6]陈明星,陆大道,张华.中国城市化水平的综合测度及其动力因子分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(4):387-398.
[7]臧锐,张鹏,杨青山,等.吉林省城市化水平综合测度及时空演变[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1231-1237.
[8] Butchart S,Dieme-Amting E,Gitay H,et al.Ecosystems and human well-being:wetland and water synthesis[M].Washington Dc:World Resources Institute,2005.
[9] Daily G C.Nature′s services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems.[J].Pacific Conservation Biology,1997,6(2):220-221.
[10] Costanza R,D′Arge R,Groot R D,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].World Environment,1989,387(1):3-15.
[11]谢高地,鲁春霞,成升魁.全球生态系统服务评价研究进展[J].资源科学,2001,23(6):5-9.
[12]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资源的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[13] Farber S C,Costanza R,Wilson M A.Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services[J].Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):375-392.
[14] Bennett E M,Peterson G D,Gordon L J.Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services.[J].Ecology Letters,2010,12(12):1394-1404.
[15] Bryan B A,Grandgirard A,Ward J R.Quantifying and exploring strategic regional priorities for managing natural capital and ecosystem services given multiple stakeholder perspectives[J].Ecosystems,2010,13(4):539-555.
[16] Krishnaswamy J,Bawa K S,Ganeshaiah K N,et al.Quantifying and mapping biodiversity and ecosystem services:Utility of a multi-season NDVI based Mahalanobis distance surrogate[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(4):857-867.
[17] Estoque R C,Murayama Y.Landscape pattern and ecosystem service value changes:Implications for environmental sustainability planning for the rapidly urbanizing summer capital of the Philippines[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2013,116(4):60-72.
[18] Long H,Liu Y,Hou X,et al.Effects of land use transitions due to rapid urbanization on ecosystem services:Implications for urban planning in the new developing area of China[J].Habitat International,2014,44:536-544.
[19]谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47-53.
[20]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-490.
[21]吴玲玲,陆健健,童春富,等.长江口湿地生态系统服务功能价值的评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(5):411-416.
[22]王宗明,张柏,张树清.吉林省生态系统服务价值变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1):55-61.
[23]梁发超,刘黎明,许瑾璐.闽北典型盆地土地利用系统协调性研究:以周宁县狮浦盆地为例[J].地理科学,2011,31(4):447-449.
[24]吴海珍,阿如旱,郭田保,等.基于RS和GIS的内蒙古多伦县土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):110-116.
[25]窦玥,戴尔阜.区域土地利用变化对生态系统脆弱性影响评估:以广州市花都区为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(2):311-321.
[26]周国华,贺艳华.长沙城市土地扩张特征及影响因素[J].地理学报,2006,61(11):1171-1180.
[27]朱文泉,张锦水,潘耀忠,等.中国陆地生态系统生态资产测量及其动态变化分析[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):586-594.
[28]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[29]孙洪波,杨桂山,万容容,等.昆山生态系统服务价值变化及其驱动力差异性分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(8):759-764.
[30]严恩萍,林辉,王广兴,等.1990—2011年三峡库区生态系统服务价值演变及驱动力[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5962-5973.
[31]赵小汎.土地利用生态服务价值指标体系评估结果比较研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(1):98-105.
[32]张凤太,苏维词,赵卫权.基于土地利用/覆被变化的重庆城市生态系统服务价值研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2008,24(3):21-25.
[33]岳书平,张树文,闫业超.东北样带土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响[J].地理学报,2007,62(8):879-886.
[34]满苏尔沙比提,陆吐布拉依明.新疆南疆地区土地利用变化及其生态效应[J].地理科学,2011,31(4):440-446.
[35]秦伟,朱清科,赖亚飞.退耕还林工程生态价值评估与补:以陕西省吴起县为例[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(5):159-164.
[36]孟悦.宁波市城市化发展对区域生态系统服务价值的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(6):81-86.
[37]赵卫,刘景双,孔凡娥,等.城市化对区域生态足迹供需的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):120-126.
[38]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[39]蔡邦成,周慧平.昆山城市化与生态系统服务的关系定量研究[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(4):40-42.
[40]张骞,高明,杨乐,等.1988—2013年重庆市主城九区生态用地空间结构及其生态系统服务价值变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):566-575.
[41]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[42]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[43]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1243-1254.
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