盐碱胁迫对酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”果实品质形成的影响
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摘要
以欧亚种酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为试材,探讨了50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl和50mmol·L~(-1)NaHCO_3喷施葡萄果粒对葡萄果实品质形成的影响,研究使用适度中性盐和碱性盐直接处理葡萄果实对果实成熟启动及品质形成的影响。以期为深入研究在盐碱条件下葡萄果实品质的变化提供参考依据。结果表明:2种处理均未对成熟过程中葡萄百粒质量产生显著影响,但降低了果实TSS含量,且NaHCO_3处理的果实TSS含量显著低于NaCl处理;2种处理均延缓了果实发育过程中花色苷的积累,且NaCl的延缓程度高于NaHCO_3;2种处理均提高了果实总酸含量,且成熟初期(花后109d)处理组酒石酸和苹果酸含量均高于对照;荧光定量结果表明,盐碱处理抑制了花色苷合成过程中UFGT基因及其调控蛋白MYBA1的表达量,与花色苷的积累结果一致,推测盐碱处理是通过抑制相关基因的表达而延缓花色苷的积累。总之,对果粒进行盐碱处理,并不利于果实品质的改善,而且在一定程度上延缓了果实的成熟进程。
The wine grape‘Cabernet Sauvignon'was selected as test material,the effect of 50mmol·L~(-1)NaCl and 50mmol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3 spraying grape fruit on grape quality was investigated,the influence of proper neutral salt and alkali salt on fruit ripening and quality formation were studied.In order to provide reference basis for further study on the changes of grape fruit quality under saline-alkali condition.The results showed that both of the treatments had no significant effect on grape weight.But compared to the control,the TSS content decreased under the treatments and the TSS content was significantly lower in NaHCO_3 stress than NaCl.Moreover,both of treatments delayed the accumulation of anthocyanins and the degree was higher in NaCl stress than NaHCO_3.On the contrary,the accumulation of total acid and the content of tartaric acid and malic acid were promoted in treatments compared with control in fruit ripening(after flowering 109 days).Furtherly,quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that saline and alkaline treatment all inhibited the expression of MYBA1 and UFGTgenes,which played an important role in anthocyanin synthesis and the result was consistent with the accumulation of anthocyanins,suggesting that the accumulation of anthocyanins was delayed under saline and alkaline stress due to inhibiting the expression of key genes.Therefore,the salt-alkaline treatment of the fruit was not beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality and the fruit ripening process was delayed as well.
The wine grape‘Cabernet Sauvignon'was selected as test material,the effect of 50mmol·L~(-1)NaCl and 50mmol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3 spraying grape fruit on grape quality was investigated,the influence of proper neutral salt and alkali salt on fruit ripening and quality formation were studied.In order to provide reference basis for further study on the changes of grape fruit quality under saline-alkali condition.The results showed that both of the treatments had no significant effect on grape weight.But compared to the control,the TSS content decreased under the treatments and the TSS content was significantly lower in NaHCO_3 stress than NaCl.Moreover,both of treatments delayed the accumulation of anthocyanins and the degree was higher in NaCl stress than NaHCO_3.On the contrary,the accumulation of total acid and the content of tartaric acid and malic acid were promoted in treatments compared with control in fruit ripening(after flowering 109 days).Furtherly,quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that saline and alkaline treatment all inhibited the expression of MYBA1 and UFGTgenes,which played an important role in anthocyanin synthesis and the result was consistent with the accumulation of anthocyanins,suggesting that the accumulation of anthocyanins was delayed under saline and alkaline stress due to inhibiting the expression of key genes.Therefore,the salt-alkaline treatment of the fruit was not beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality and the fruit ripening process was delayed as well.
引文
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[13]LI X L,WANG C R,LI X Y,et al.Modifications of Kyoho grape berry quality under long-term NaCl treatment[J].Food Chemistry,2013,139:931-937.
[14]公婷婷,冯金朝,薛达元,等.盐碱胁迫对两个品种葡萄光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(19):5-9.
[15]孙红,孙田雨,许丽丽,等.长期低盐处理对葡萄果实品质及转录组的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(12):2197-2205.
[16]季兴龙,韩宁,翟衡,等.响应葡萄根瘤蚜侵染的扩展蛋白基因筛选及其多克隆抗体的制备[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):15-24.
[17] CASTELLARIN S D,DI GASPERO G.Transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in extreme phenotypes for berry pigmentation of naturally occurring grapevines[J].BMC Plant Biology,2007(7):46.
[18]CASTELLARIN S D,MATTHEWS M A,DI GASPERO G,et al.Water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries[J].Planta,2008,227(1):102-112.
[19]JEONG S T,GOTO-YAMAMOTO N,KOBAYASHI S,et al.Effects of plant hormones and shading on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in grape berry skins[J].Plant Science,2004,167(2):247-252.
[20]LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the the2-ΔΔCT method[J].Method,2001(25):402-408.
[21]COOMBE B G.Research on development and ripening of the grape berry[J].American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,1992,43(1):101-110.
[22]DELUC L G,GRIMPLET J,WHEATLEY M D,et al.Transcriptomic and metabolite analyses of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry development[J].BMC Genomics,2007(8):429.
[23]BOSS P K,DAVIES C,ROBINSON S P.Anthocyanin composition and anthocyanin pathway gene expression in grapevine sports differing in berry skin colour[J].Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,1996,2(3):163-170.
[24]BOSS P K,DAVIES C,ROBINSON S P.Analysis of the expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in developing Vitis vinifera L.cv Shiraz grape berries and the implications for pathway regdation[J].Plant Physiol,1996,111:1059-1066.
[25]KOBAYASHI S,ISHIMARU M,HIRAOKA K,et al.Mybrelated genes of the Kyoho grape(Vitis labruscana)regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis[J].Planta,2002,215(6):924-933.
[26]CHEN W,FENG C,GUO W,et al.Comparative effects of osmotic-,salt-and alkali stress on growth,photosynthesis,and osmotic adjustmet of cotton plants[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(3):417-425.
[27]GONG B,WEN D,SEAN B.Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3stresses on respiratory metabolism,antioxidant system,nutritional status,and organic acid metabolism in tomato roots[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2014,36(8):2167-2181.
[2] BOLARIN M C,ESTAN M T,CARO M,et al.Relationship between tomato fruit growth and fruit osmotic potential under salinity[J].Plant Science,2001,160:1153-1159.
[3] KEUTGEN A J,PAWEIZIK E.Modifications of strawberry fruit antioxidant pools and fruit quality under NaCl stress[J].Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2007,55:4066-4072.
[4] RAMAKRISHNA A,RAVISHAKAR G A.Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants[J].Plant Signaling and Behavior,2001(6):1720-1731.
[5]孙红,岳倩宇,相广庆,等.不同浓度的NaCl处理对果实品质形成的影响[J].植物生理学报,2018,54(1):63-70.
[6] DORAIS M,PAPADOPOULOS A P,GOSSELIN A.Influence of electric conductivity management on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality[J].Agronomie,2001,21(4):367-383.
[7] GIANNAKOULA A E,LLIAS I F.The effect of water stress and salinity on growth and physiology of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)[J].Archives of Biological Sciences,2013,65(2):611-620.
[8] KEUTGEN A J,PAWELZIK E.Quality and nutritional value of strawberry fruit under long term salt stress[J].Food Chemistry,2008,107:1413-1420.
[9] GALLI V,DASILVAMESSIAS R,PERIN E C,et al.Mild salt stress improves strawberry fruit quality[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2016,73:693-699.
[10]BOTIA P,NAVARRO J M,CERDA A,et al.Yield and fruit quality of two melon cultivars irrigated with saline water at different stages of development[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2005(23):243-253.
[11]SATO S,SAKAGUCHI S,FURUKAWA H,et al.Effects of NaCl application to hydroponic nutrient solution on fruit characteristics of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,109:248-253.
[12]ZHENG W W,CHUN I J,HONG S B,et al.Vegetative growth,mineral change,and fruit quality of‘Fuji’tree as affected by foliar seawater application[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,126:97-103.
[13]LI X L,WANG C R,LI X Y,et al.Modifications of Kyoho grape berry quality under long-term NaCl treatment[J].Food Chemistry,2013,139:931-937.
[14]公婷婷,冯金朝,薛达元,等.盐碱胁迫对两个品种葡萄光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2013(19):5-9.
[15]孙红,孙田雨,许丽丽,等.长期低盐处理对葡萄果实品质及转录组的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(12):2197-2205.
[16]季兴龙,韩宁,翟衡,等.响应葡萄根瘤蚜侵染的扩展蛋白基因筛选及其多克隆抗体的制备[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):15-24.
[17] CASTELLARIN S D,DI GASPERO G.Transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in extreme phenotypes for berry pigmentation of naturally occurring grapevines[J].BMC Plant Biology,2007(7):46.
[18]CASTELLARIN S D,MATTHEWS M A,DI GASPERO G,et al.Water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries[J].Planta,2008,227(1):102-112.
[19]JEONG S T,GOTO-YAMAMOTO N,KOBAYASHI S,et al.Effects of plant hormones and shading on the accumulation of anthocyanins and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in grape berry skins[J].Plant Science,2004,167(2):247-252.
[20]LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the the2-ΔΔCT method[J].Method,2001(25):402-408.
[21]COOMBE B G.Research on development and ripening of the grape berry[J].American Journal of Enology and Viticulture,1992,43(1):101-110.
[22]DELUC L G,GRIMPLET J,WHEATLEY M D,et al.Transcriptomic and metabolite analyses of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry development[J].BMC Genomics,2007(8):429.
[23]BOSS P K,DAVIES C,ROBINSON S P.Anthocyanin composition and anthocyanin pathway gene expression in grapevine sports differing in berry skin colour[J].Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,1996,2(3):163-170.
[24]BOSS P K,DAVIES C,ROBINSON S P.Analysis of the expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in developing Vitis vinifera L.cv Shiraz grape berries and the implications for pathway regdation[J].Plant Physiol,1996,111:1059-1066.
[25]KOBAYASHI S,ISHIMARU M,HIRAOKA K,et al.Mybrelated genes of the Kyoho grape(Vitis labruscana)regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis[J].Planta,2002,215(6):924-933.
[26]CHEN W,FENG C,GUO W,et al.Comparative effects of osmotic-,salt-and alkali stress on growth,photosynthesis,and osmotic adjustmet of cotton plants[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(3):417-425.
[27]GONG B,WEN D,SEAN B.Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3stresses on respiratory metabolism,antioxidant system,nutritional status,and organic acid metabolism in tomato roots[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2014,36(8):2167-2181.