不同坡度黄土微地形条件下SCS-CN模型参数研究
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摘要
基于自然降雨数据研究径流曲线数(SCS-CN)模型参数难以排除坡度的干扰,从而影响模型计算径流量的精度。为了准确探究黄土微地形条件下不同坡度(5°,15°,25°)对模型的初损率(λ)和径流曲线系数(CN)的影响及其变化规律,从而为后续SCS-CN模型参数研究提供科学依据和优化径流预测模型。通过开展人工降雨试验(90 mm/h雨强、人工掏挖耕作),探究黄土微地形不同坡度下SCS-CN模型的λ值和CN值。结果表明5°坡度下,λ=0.2,CN=75.58时模拟效果最佳;15°坡度下,λ=0.15,CN=77.28时模拟效果最佳;25°坡度下,λ=0.1,CN=72.91时模型的模拟效果最佳。λ=0.2这一标准参数值不能满足不同坡度条件下的径流模拟,且随着坡度增加呈现显著的递减趋势。
The most popular hydrological models are based on the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN) model for its simplicity. If using data obtained in natural rainfall events, the effect of slope gradient will be significant as the model is parameterized that way, which may interfere with calculating runoff in the events. This work tries to explore the influence of slope gradients(5°,15° and 25°) on initial abstraction rate λ and curve number(CN) and their evolution in the events on the loess slope surface under microtopographic conditions, which can prepare ground for future SCS-CN parameterization research and for runoff prediction modeling in the related fields. A laboratory rainfall experiment(rainfall intensity at 90 mm/h and slope surfaces tilled by manual hoeing and digging) was carried out to determine appropriate values of λ and CN for a SCS-CN model. The results showed that the model provided the most appropriate values of λ and CN and prediction for runoff volume which fit measured rainfall-runoff data when the model determined that λ=0.2,CN=75.58 at 5°; λ=0.15,CN=77.28 at 15° and λ=0.1,CN=72.91 at 25°. It was also found that the standard parameter λ=0.2 alone could not verify runoff prediction modeling at different slope gradients and a more appropriate value tended to decrease when the slope gradient increased.
The most popular hydrological models are based on the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN) model for its simplicity. If using data obtained in natural rainfall events, the effect of slope gradient will be significant as the model is parameterized that way, which may interfere with calculating runoff in the events. This work tries to explore the influence of slope gradients(5°,15° and 25°) on initial abstraction rate λ and curve number(CN) and their evolution in the events on the loess slope surface under microtopographic conditions, which can prepare ground for future SCS-CN parameterization research and for runoff prediction modeling in the related fields. A laboratory rainfall experiment(rainfall intensity at 90 mm/h and slope surfaces tilled by manual hoeing and digging) was carried out to determine appropriate values of λ and CN for a SCS-CN model. The results showed that the model provided the most appropriate values of λ and CN and prediction for runoff volume which fit measured rainfall-runoff data when the model determined that λ=0.2,CN=75.58 at 5°; λ=0.15,CN=77.28 at 15° and λ=0.1,CN=72.91 at 25°. It was also found that the standard parameter λ=0.2 alone could not verify runoff prediction modeling at different slope gradients and a more appropriate value tended to decrease when the slope gradient increased.
引文
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[11]张兴奇,徐鹏程,顾璟冉. SCS模型在贵州省毕节市石桥小流域坡面产流模拟中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):321-328,333.
[12]陈正维,刘兴年,朱波.基于SCS-CN模型的紫色土坡地径流预测[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):72-81.
[13]Bosznay M. Generalization of SCS curve number method[J]. Irrig. and Drain. Engineer, Asce, 1989,115(1):139-144.
[14]符素华,王向亮,王红叶,等.SCS-CN径流模型中CN值确定方法研究[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(3):415-421.
[15]何杨洋,王晓燕,段淑怀.密云水库上游流域径流曲线模型的参数修订[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):134-138.
[16]张钰娴,穆兴民,王飞.径流曲线数模型(SCS-CN)参数λ在黄土丘陵区的率定[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):124-128.
[2]常丹东,王礼先.水土保持对黄河年径流量影响研究[J].水利规划与设计,2005(S4):37-42.
[3]符素华,王红叶,王向亮,等.北京地区径流曲线数模型中的径流曲线数[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):797-807.
[4]Zhang A, Fu G, Wang B, et al. Assessments of impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff with SWAT for the Huifa River Basin, Northeast China[J]. Water Resources Management, 2012,26(8):2199-2217.
[5]周翠宁,任树梅,闫美俊.曲线数值法(SCS模型)在北京温榆河流域降雨—径流关系中的应用研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(3):87-90.
[6]刘兰岚.降雨产流计算中径流曲线法(SCS模型)局限性的探讨[J].环境科学与管理,2013,38(5):64-68.
[7]Mishra S K, Singh V P. SCS-CN Method[M]//Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN)Methodology. Springer Netherlands, 2003.
[8]王红艳,张志强,查同刚,等.径流曲线数(SCS-CN)模型估算黄土高原小流域场降雨径流的改进[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(8):71-79.
[9]黄明斌,郑世清,李玉山.流域尺度不同水保措施减水效益分割[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(2):4-7.
[10]Elhassanin A S, Labib T M, Gaber E I. Effect of vegetation cover and land slope on runoff and soil losses from the watersheds of Burundi[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 1993,43(3/4):301-308.
[11]张兴奇,徐鹏程,顾璟冉. SCS模型在贵州省毕节市石桥小流域坡面产流模拟中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):321-328,333.
[12]陈正维,刘兴年,朱波.基于SCS-CN模型的紫色土坡地径流预测[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):72-81.
[13]Bosznay M. Generalization of SCS curve number method[J]. Irrig. and Drain. Engineer, Asce, 1989,115(1):139-144.
[14]符素华,王向亮,王红叶,等.SCS-CN径流模型中CN值确定方法研究[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(3):415-421.
[15]何杨洋,王晓燕,段淑怀.密云水库上游流域径流曲线模型的参数修订[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):134-138.
[16]张钰娴,穆兴民,王飞.径流曲线数模型(SCS-CN)参数λ在黄土丘陵区的率定[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):124-128.
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