基于HSI模型的吉林省东部地区生境质量动态评价
|
摘要
生境质量评价对生物多样性保护具有重要意义,能够为生态环境的恢复和保护、区域可持续发展政策的制定提供科学依据。以吉林省东部地区为研究区,基于2000年和2015年2期Landsat TM/OLI影像和数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)数据,选取水源状况、干扰因子、遮蔽条件及食物来源作为评价因子,采用层次分析法确定权重,建立了生境质量评价模型,对吉林省东部地区进行生境质量动态评价,并从评价因子、土地覆被变化、社会经济及气候变化等方面分析变化原因。结果表明,吉林省东部地区2000年生境质量最好和较好的区域分别占研究区总面积的37. 69%和46. 88%,2015年生境质量最好和较好的区域分别占研究区总面积的41. 20%和44. 66%; 2000—2015年间生境质量变好的区域为9 414. 19 km2,变差的区域为5 627. 5 km2;土地覆被变化是导致生境质量变化的主要原因之一,吉林省大力发展生态旅游、退耕还林是生境质量变好的主要驱动力,气候条件适宜为吉林省东部地区生态环境保持长期稳定提供了有力保障。
The assessment of habitat quality has important implications for the biodiversity conservation. It can provide scientific basis for the restoration and protection of the ecological environment and the formulation of regional sustainable development policies. Taking the east of Jilin Province as the study area and based on Landsat TM/OLI images and digital elevation model( DEM) data in 2000 and 2015,the authors selected water situation,degree of disturbance,shelters,and food source as evaluation factors. In addition,the analytic hierarchy process( AHP) was used to determine the weight,thus establishing a habitat quality evaluation model and making a dynamic assessment of the habitat quality in the eastern part of Jilin Province. Moreover,the reasons for change were analyzed from the aspects of assessment factors,land cover changes,social economy,and climate change.The results show that the areas of the best and better habitat quality in 2000 accounted for 37. 69% and 46. 88% of the study area respectively. The areas of the best and better habitat quality in 2015 accounted for 41. 20% and 44. 66%of the study area respectively. From 2000 to 2015,the area of habitat quality that got better was 9 414. 19 km2,and the area of habitat quality got worse,being 5 627. 5 km2. Land cover change is one of the causes of habitat quality change,and the vigorous development of eco-tourism and returning farmland to forests in Jilin Province constitute the main driving forces for improving the quality of the habitats. The suitable climatic conditions provide a powerful guarantee for the long-term stability of the ecological environment in the eastern part of Jilin Province.
The assessment of habitat quality has important implications for the biodiversity conservation. It can provide scientific basis for the restoration and protection of the ecological environment and the formulation of regional sustainable development policies. Taking the east of Jilin Province as the study area and based on Landsat TM/OLI images and digital elevation model( DEM) data in 2000 and 2015,the authors selected water situation,degree of disturbance,shelters,and food source as evaluation factors. In addition,the analytic hierarchy process( AHP) was used to determine the weight,thus establishing a habitat quality evaluation model and making a dynamic assessment of the habitat quality in the eastern part of Jilin Province. Moreover,the reasons for change were analyzed from the aspects of assessment factors,land cover changes,social economy,and climate change.The results show that the areas of the best and better habitat quality in 2000 accounted for 37. 69% and 46. 88% of the study area respectively. The areas of the best and better habitat quality in 2015 accounted for 41. 20% and 44. 66%of the study area respectively. From 2000 to 2015,the area of habitat quality that got better was 9 414. 19 km2,and the area of habitat quality got worse,being 5 627. 5 km2. Land cover change is one of the causes of habitat quality change,and the vigorous development of eco-tourism and returning farmland to forests in Jilin Province constitute the main driving forces for improving the quality of the habitats. The suitable climatic conditions provide a powerful guarantee for the long-term stability of the ecological environment in the eastern part of Jilin Province.
引文
[1]李营，张峰，杨海军，等．生物多样性生态功能区生境质量变化遥感监测研究[J]．环境与可持续发展，2016,41(2):46-48.Li Y,Zhang F,Yang H J,et al. On habitat quality change monitoring by remote sensing in eco-functional area of biological diversity[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development,2016,41(2):46-48.
[2] Raven P J,Holmes N T,Dawson F H,et al. River habitat quality:The physical character of rivers and streams in the UK and Isle of Man[J]. England:Environment Agency,1998:85.
[3]阴琨，李中宇，赵然，等．松花江流域水生态环境质量评价研究[J]．中国环境监测，2015,31(4):26-34.Yin K,Li Z Y,Zhao R,et al. Study on assessment of water ecosystem quality in Songhua River Basin[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(4):26-34.
[4]赵志轩，严登华，耿雷华，等．白洋淀东方大苇莺繁殖生境质量评价[J]．应用生态学报，2014,25(5):1483-1490.Zhao Z X,Yan D H,Geng L H,et al. Nest habitat quality evaluation for the oriental great reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)in Baiyangdian Wetland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1483-1490.
[5]王强，袁兴中，刘红，等．基于河流生境调查的东河河流生境评价[J]．生态学报，2014,34(6):1548-1558.Wang Q,Yuan X Z,Liu H,et al. Stream habitat assessment of Dong River,China,using river habitat survey method[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1548-1558.
[6]王建宏，蒲玫．甘肃大熊猫生境质量评价[J]．动物学杂志，2016,51(4):509-516.Wang J H,Pu M. Habitat quality evaluation of Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)in Gansu[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology,2016,51(4):509-516.
[7]王志强，陈志超，郝成元．基于HSI模型的扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤繁殖生境适宜性评价[J]．湿地科学，2009,7(3):197-201.Wang Z Q,Chen Z C,Hao C Y. Breeding habitat suitability evaluation of red-crown crane in Zhalong National Nature Reserve by the method of habitat suitability index[J]. Wetland Science,2009,7(3):197-201.
[8] Sherrouse B C,Semmens D J,Clement J M. An application of social values for ecosystem services(Sol VES)to three national forests in Colorado and Wyoming[J]. Ecological Indicators,2014,36:68-79.
[9]吴健生，曹祺文，石淑芹，等．基于土地利用变化的京津冀生境质量时空演变[J]．应用生态学报，2015,26(11):3457-3466.Wu J S,Cao Q W,Shi S Q,et al. Spatio-temporal variability of habitat quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area based on land use change[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3457-3466.
[10]白杨，郑华，庄长伟，等．白洋淀流域生态系统服务评估及其调控[J]．生态学报，2013,33(3):711-717.Bai Y,Zheng H,Zhuang C W,et al. Ecosystem services valuation and its regulation in Baiyangdian Baisn:Based on InVEST model[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):711-717.
[11]金龙如，孙克萍，贺红士，等．生境适宜度指数模型研究进展[J]．生态学杂志，2008,27(5):841-846.Jin L R,Sun K P,He H S,et al. Research advances in habitat suitability index model[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(5):841-846.
[12]吴炳方，苑全治，颜长珍，等．21世纪前十年的中国土地覆盖变化[J]．第四纪研究，2014,34(4):723-731.Wu B F,Yuan Q Z,Yan C Z,et al. Land cover changes of China from 2000 to 2010[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(4):723-731.
[13]孙健．基于面向对象分类土地利用分析[J]．测绘与空间地理信息，2018,41(1):185-188,192.Sun J. Land use analysis based on object-oriented classification[J]. Geomatics and Spatial Information Technology,2018,41(1):185-188,192.
[14] Lin Y P,Lin W C,Wang Y C,et al. Systematically designating conservation areas for protecting habitat quality and multiple ecosystem services[J]. Environmental Modelling and Software,2017,90:126-146.
[15] Dong Z Y,Wang Z M,Liu D W,et al. Assessment of habitat suitability for water birds in the West Songnen Plain,China,using remote sensing and GIS[J]. Ecological Engineering,2013,55:94-100.
[16] Bazzazi A A,Osanloo M,Karimi B. Deriving preference order of open pit mines equipment through MADM methods:Application of modified VIKOR method[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2010,38(3):2550-2556.
[17]胡冬雪，唐立娜，邱全毅，等．海峡西岸经济区景观格局10年变化及驱动力[J]．生态学报，2015,35(18):6138-6147.Hu D X,Tang L N,Qiu Q Y,et al. Decadal temporal changes in landscapes and their driving forces for West-bank Economic Zone of Taiwan Straits[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(18):6138-6147.
[18]吉林省旅游局．吉林省旅游业发展“十二五”规划[EB/OL].(2011-3)[2018-1-26]. http://www. doc88. com/p-6354173381481. html.Jilin Provincial Tourism Bureau. The 12th Five-Year Plan for tourism development in Jilin Province[EB/OL].(2011-3)[2018-1-26]. http://www. doc88. com/p-63543381481. html.
[19]中华人民共和国生态环境部．吉林省自然保护区名录[EB/OL].(2013-9-27)[2018-1-26]. http://www. zhb. gov.cn/stbh/zrbhq/qgzrbhqml/201605/t20160522_342701. shtml.Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Jilin Provincial nature reserve list[EB/OL].(2013-9-27)[2018-1-26]. http://www. zhb. gov. cn/stbh/zrbhq/qgzrbhqml/201605/t20160522_342701. shtml.
[20]刘敏．吉林省天然林保护工程绩效分析及深入实施的对策研究[J]．当代生态农业，2010(3-4):58-61.Liu M. Analysis of the performance of natural forest conservation project in Jilin Province and the countermeasures for in-depth implementation[J]. Contemporary Eco-Agriculture,2010(3-4):58-61.
[21]姚晨光．吉林省退耕还林成果经验浅析[J]．当代生态农业，2013(3-4):54-56.Yao C G. Experience of returning farmland to forest in Jilin Province[J]. Contemporary Eco-Agriculture,2013(3-4):54-56.
[22]于德江，宗盛伟，杜海波，等．吉林省东部森林地区气候变化分析[J]．农业与技术，2015,35(1):162-164,184.Yu D J,Zong S W,Du H B,et al. Analysis of climate change in the forest area in the eastern part of Jilin Province[J]. Agriculture and Technology,2015,35(1):162-164,184.
[2] Raven P J,Holmes N T,Dawson F H,et al. River habitat quality:The physical character of rivers and streams in the UK and Isle of Man[J]. England:Environment Agency,1998:85.
[3]阴琨，李中宇，赵然，等．松花江流域水生态环境质量评价研究[J]．中国环境监测，2015,31(4):26-34.Yin K,Li Z Y,Zhao R,et al. Study on assessment of water ecosystem quality in Songhua River Basin[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(4):26-34.
[4]赵志轩，严登华，耿雷华，等．白洋淀东方大苇莺繁殖生境质量评价[J]．应用生态学报，2014,25(5):1483-1490.Zhao Z X,Yan D H,Geng L H,et al. Nest habitat quality evaluation for the oriental great reed warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)in Baiyangdian Wetland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(5):1483-1490.
[5]王强，袁兴中，刘红，等．基于河流生境调查的东河河流生境评价[J]．生态学报，2014,34(6):1548-1558.Wang Q,Yuan X Z,Liu H,et al. Stream habitat assessment of Dong River,China,using river habitat survey method[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(6):1548-1558.
[6]王建宏，蒲玫．甘肃大熊猫生境质量评价[J]．动物学杂志，2016,51(4):509-516.Wang J H,Pu M. Habitat quality evaluation of Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)in Gansu[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology,2016,51(4):509-516.
[7]王志强，陈志超，郝成元．基于HSI模型的扎龙国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤繁殖生境适宜性评价[J]．湿地科学，2009,7(3):197-201.Wang Z Q,Chen Z C,Hao C Y. Breeding habitat suitability evaluation of red-crown crane in Zhalong National Nature Reserve by the method of habitat suitability index[J]. Wetland Science,2009,7(3):197-201.
[8] Sherrouse B C,Semmens D J,Clement J M. An application of social values for ecosystem services(Sol VES)to three national forests in Colorado and Wyoming[J]. Ecological Indicators,2014,36:68-79.
[9]吴健生，曹祺文，石淑芹，等．基于土地利用变化的京津冀生境质量时空演变[J]．应用生态学报，2015,26(11):3457-3466.Wu J S,Cao Q W,Shi S Q,et al. Spatio-temporal variability of habitat quality in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area based on land use change[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(11):3457-3466.
[10]白杨，郑华，庄长伟，等．白洋淀流域生态系统服务评估及其调控[J]．生态学报，2013,33(3):711-717.Bai Y,Zheng H,Zhuang C W,et al. Ecosystem services valuation and its regulation in Baiyangdian Baisn:Based on InVEST model[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):711-717.
[11]金龙如，孙克萍，贺红士，等．生境适宜度指数模型研究进展[J]．生态学杂志，2008,27(5):841-846.Jin L R,Sun K P,He H S,et al. Research advances in habitat suitability index model[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(5):841-846.
[12]吴炳方，苑全治，颜长珍，等．21世纪前十年的中国土地覆盖变化[J]．第四纪研究，2014,34(4):723-731.Wu B F,Yuan Q Z,Yan C Z,et al. Land cover changes of China from 2000 to 2010[J]. Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(4):723-731.
[13]孙健．基于面向对象分类土地利用分析[J]．测绘与空间地理信息，2018,41(1):185-188,192.Sun J. Land use analysis based on object-oriented classification[J]. Geomatics and Spatial Information Technology,2018,41(1):185-188,192.
[14] Lin Y P,Lin W C,Wang Y C,et al. Systematically designating conservation areas for protecting habitat quality and multiple ecosystem services[J]. Environmental Modelling and Software,2017,90:126-146.
[15] Dong Z Y,Wang Z M,Liu D W,et al. Assessment of habitat suitability for water birds in the West Songnen Plain,China,using remote sensing and GIS[J]. Ecological Engineering,2013,55:94-100.
[16] Bazzazi A A,Osanloo M,Karimi B. Deriving preference order of open pit mines equipment through MADM methods:Application of modified VIKOR method[J]. Expert Systems with Applications,2010,38(3):2550-2556.
[17]胡冬雪，唐立娜，邱全毅，等．海峡西岸经济区景观格局10年变化及驱动力[J]．生态学报，2015,35(18):6138-6147.Hu D X,Tang L N,Qiu Q Y,et al. Decadal temporal changes in landscapes and their driving forces for West-bank Economic Zone of Taiwan Straits[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(18):6138-6147.
[18]吉林省旅游局．吉林省旅游业发展“十二五”规划[EB/OL].(2011-3)[2018-1-26]. http://www. doc88. com/p-6354173381481. html.Jilin Provincial Tourism Bureau. The 12th Five-Year Plan for tourism development in Jilin Province[EB/OL].(2011-3)[2018-1-26]. http://www. doc88. com/p-63543381481. html.
[19]中华人民共和国生态环境部．吉林省自然保护区名录[EB/OL].(2013-9-27)[2018-1-26]. http://www. zhb. gov.cn/stbh/zrbhq/qgzrbhqml/201605/t20160522_342701. shtml.Ministry of Ecological Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Jilin Provincial nature reserve list[EB/OL].(2013-9-27)[2018-1-26]. http://www. zhb. gov. cn/stbh/zrbhq/qgzrbhqml/201605/t20160522_342701. shtml.
[20]刘敏．吉林省天然林保护工程绩效分析及深入实施的对策研究[J]．当代生态农业，2010(3-4):58-61.Liu M. Analysis of the performance of natural forest conservation project in Jilin Province and the countermeasures for in-depth implementation[J]. Contemporary Eco-Agriculture,2010(3-4):58-61.
[21]姚晨光．吉林省退耕还林成果经验浅析[J]．当代生态农业，2013(3-4):54-56.Yao C G. Experience of returning farmland to forest in Jilin Province[J]. Contemporary Eco-Agriculture,2013(3-4):54-56.
[22]于德江，宗盛伟，杜海波，等．吉林省东部森林地区气候变化分析[J]．农业与技术，2015,35(1):162-164,184.Yu D J,Zong S W,Du H B,et al. Analysis of climate change in the forest area in the eastern part of Jilin Province[J]. Agriculture and Technology,2015,35(1):162-164,184.