农田重金属污染土壤的原位钝化研究
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摘要
以中国河南省某市农田污染土壤为研究对象,采用化学钝化技术,加入不同钝化药剂对其进行重金属稳定化效果研究,同时采用室内小麦盆栽实验,对比分析其对土壤钝化后植物吸收情况。研究表明:原始土壤受As、Cd、Pb、Zn污染,其中Cd含量超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618–1995)二级标准,威胁粮食安全生产和人体健康;采用赤泥、磷矿粉和钙镁氧化物混合药剂均可在一定程度上对土壤中的Cd、As、Pb、Zn有钝化效果,其中向土壤中加入2%钙镁氧化物混合药剂对重金属Cd的钝化效果最佳且小麦幼苗地上部中Cd含量大幅度降低,有助于植物生长。研究为重金属污染农田土壤的修复技术提供了参考。
To cope with heavy metal-contaminated farmland soils in somewhere Henan Province,the chemical inactivation technology was developed,for which an experiment was conducted with a variety of inactivation agents to stabilize heavy metal in the soils that had been polluted by As,Cd,Pb and Zn,and the content of Cd in the soils exceeding the limit(2nd Class) of the national environmental standard:the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils(GB 15618–1995),posing potential threat to the safety of crops production and human health;besides,indoor wheat pot experiment was adopted for the comparison study concerning the plant uptake of heavy metal right after the chemical inactivation of the contaminated soils.The experiment suggested that inactivation agents such as red-mud,powdered rock phosphate and mixed oxides of Ca/Mg were effective for immobilizing Cd,As,Pb and Zn in soils;among others,mixed oxides of Ca/Mg(in 2% weight) added into soils presented perfect inactivation of Cd,and Cd content in the overground part of wheat seedling was greatly reduced,that was conducive to the plant growth.
To cope with heavy metal-contaminated farmland soils in somewhere Henan Province,the chemical inactivation technology was developed,for which an experiment was conducted with a variety of inactivation agents to stabilize heavy metal in the soils that had been polluted by As,Cd,Pb and Zn,and the content of Cd in the soils exceeding the limit(2nd Class) of the national environmental standard:the Environmental Quality Standard for Soils(GB 15618–1995),posing potential threat to the safety of crops production and human health;besides,indoor wheat pot experiment was adopted for the comparison study concerning the plant uptake of heavy metal right after the chemical inactivation of the contaminated soils.The experiment suggested that inactivation agents such as red-mud,powdered rock phosphate and mixed oxides of Ca/Mg were effective for immobilizing Cd,As,Pb and Zn in soils;among others,mixed oxides of Ca/Mg(in 2% weight) added into soils presented perfect inactivation of Cd,and Cd content in the overground part of wheat seedling was greatly reduced,that was conducive to the plant growth.
引文
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[14]周建利,吴启堂,卫泽斌,等.套种条件下混合螯合剂对污染土壤Cd淋滤行为的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(11):3440-3447.Zhou Jianli,Wu Qitang,Wei Zebin,et al.Effects of mixed chelators on the leaching of cadmium in contaminated soils under intercropping system[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(11):3440-3447.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.Lu Rukun.Soil Agrochemistry Analysis Protocols[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Science Press,2000.
[16]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(4):844-851.
[17]Kim J Y,Davis A P,Kim K W.Stabilization of available arsenic in highly contaminated mine tailings using iron[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(1):189-195.
[18]邹佳玲,辜娇峰,杨文弢,等.不同pH值灌溉水对土壤Cd生物有效性及稻米Cd含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1508-1514.Zou Jialing,Gu Jiaofeng,Yang Wentao,et al.Effects of different pH values of irrigation water on soil Cd bioavailability and Cd content in rice[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(4):1508-1514.
[19]潘露露,李天然,蒲维肖,等.磷酸盐对铅污染土壤稳定化修复机理的研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(3):84-90.Pan Lulu,Li Tianran,Pu Weixiao,et al.Research on the stabilization remediation of lead-contaminated soil using phosphate[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2017,24(3):84-90.
[2]姜洋,罗远恒,顾雪元.农田土壤镉污染的原位钝化修复及持久性研究[J].南京大学学报:自然科学,2017,53(2):265-274.Jiang Yang,Luo Yuanheng,Gu Xueyuan.In situ immoblization of cadmium in soil and persistence study[J].Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Science,2017,53(2):265-274.
[3]Gray C W,Dunham S J,Dennis P G,et al.Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud[J].Environmental Pollution,2006,142(3):530-538.
[4]朱旭彬,蔡滨莲,林伟杰,等.我国市郊农田重金属污染研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(S1):137-142.Zhu Xubin.Cai Binlian,Lin Weijie,et al.Research progress of farmland heavy metal pollution in the suburbs of China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(S1):137-142.
[5]罗远恒,顾雪元,吴永贵,等.钝化剂对农田土壤镉污染的原位钝化修复效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):890-897.Luo Yuanheng,Gu Xueyuan,Wu Yonggui,et al.In-situ remediation of cadmium-polluted agriculture land using stabilizing amendments[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2014,33(5):890-897.
[6]龙新宪,杨肖娥,倪吾钟.重金属污染土壤修复技术研究的现状与展望[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):757-762.Long Xinxian,Yang Xiao'e,Ni Wuzhong.Current situation and prospect on the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(6):757-762.
[7]串丽敏,赵同科,郑怀国,等.土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(S2):213-222.Chuan Limin,Zhao Tongke,Zheng Huaiguo,et al.Research advances in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(S2):213-222.
[8]Calace N,Campisi T,Iacondini A,et al.Metal-contaminated soil remediation by means of paper mill sludges addition:chemical and ecotoxicological evaluation[J].Environmental Pollution,2005,136(3):485-492.
[9]Kumpiene J,Lagerkvist A,Maurice C.Stabilization of As,Cr,Cu,Pb and Zn in soil using amendments:a review[J].Waste Management,2008,28(1):215-225.
[10]贾陈蓉,吴春芸,梁威,等.污染底泥的原位钝化技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(7):118-122.Jia Chenrong,Wu Chunyun,Liang Wei,et al.Research advances on in-situ inactivation technology for contaminated sediment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(7):118-122.
[11]钱翌,褚兴飞.纳米羟基磷灰石修复镉铅污染土壤的效果评价[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(11):176-179.Qian Yi,Chu Xingfei.Effect assessment of nano-particle hydroxyapatite for remediation of Cd and Pb contaminated soil[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(11):176-179.
[12]范美蓉.赤泥对污染稻田重金属钝化行为及其肥效研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.Fan Meirong.Study of Passivation Behaviors of Red Mud on Heavy Metals in the Contaminated Paddy Soil and Its Fertilizer Efficiency[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2011.
[13]殷飞,王海娟,李燕燕,等.不同钝化剂对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):438-448.Yin Fei,Wang Haijuan,Li Yanyan,et al.Remediation of multiple heavy metal polluted soil using different immobilizing agents[J].Journal of Agro-enviroument Science,2015,34(3):438-448.
[14]周建利,吴启堂,卫泽斌,等.套种条件下混合螯合剂对污染土壤Cd淋滤行为的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(11):3440-3447.Zhou Jianli,Wu Qitang,Wei Zebin,et al.Effects of mixed chelators on the leaching of cadmium in contaminated soils under intercropping system[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(11):3440-3447.
[15]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.Lu Rukun.Soil Agrochemistry Analysis Protocols[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Science Press,2000.
[16]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(4):844-851.
[17]Kim J Y,Davis A P,Kim K W.Stabilization of available arsenic in highly contaminated mine tailings using iron[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(1):189-195.
[18]邹佳玲,辜娇峰,杨文弢,等.不同pH值灌溉水对土壤Cd生物有效性及稻米Cd含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1508-1514.Zou Jialing,Gu Jiaofeng,Yang Wentao,et al.Effects of different pH values of irrigation water on soil Cd bioavailability and Cd content in rice[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(4):1508-1514.
[19]潘露露,李天然,蒲维肖,等.磷酸盐对铅污染土壤稳定化修复机理的研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(3):84-90.Pan Lulu,Li Tianran,Pu Weixiao,et al.Research on the stabilization remediation of lead-contaminated soil using phosphate[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2017,24(3):84-90.
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