西双版纳不同演替阶段热带森林土壤N_2O排放的时间特征
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摘要
氧化亚氮(N_2O)是导致全球变暖的一种重要温室气体。探明热带森林土壤N_2O排放动态及调控机制是全球变化及国际气候谈判的一个重要内容。为探明热带森林不同次生演替对土壤N_2O排放通量时间变化的影响,以西双版纳不同演替阶段热带森林[白背桐(Mallotus paniculatus)群落、崖豆藤(Mellettia leptobotrya)群落和高檐蒲桃(Syzygium oblatum)群落]为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对土壤N_2O排放通量动态进行定位观测。探究这些变化与土壤温度和水分及理化性质之间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)不同次生演替阶段热带森林土壤N_2O排放通量存在显著差异,其大小顺序为:高檐蒲桃群落(462.4μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))>崖豆藤群落(378.93μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))>白背桐群落(310.68μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1));(2)不同次生演替阶段热带森林土壤N_2O排放通量月份变化趋势基本一致,均表现为6月显著高于12月,且各月份间差异显著;(3)土壤易氧化有机碳、水解氮、硝态氮和铵态氮显著影响土壤N_2O排放通量的时间变化,而土壤容重和pH值与土壤N_2O排放通量呈显著负相关。因此,土壤N_2O排放对西双版纳不同演替阶段热带森林群落具有敏感的响应,土壤温度、水分、易氧化有机碳、水解氮、硝态氮及铵态氮是土壤N_2O排放时间变化的主控因素。
Nitrous oxide(N_2O) is an important greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Expounding the dynamics of N_2O emissions from soil tropical forests and its regulatory mechanism is an important part of global change and international climate negotiations. This study aimed to understand the response of temporal dynamics of soil N_2O to secondary succession in the tropical forests. The static chamber-gas chromatograph method was applied to explore the relationship of soil N_2O emissions and soil temperature, moisture, and soil physiochemical properties in three secondary succession stages(i.e., Mallotus paniculatus community, Mellettia leptobotrya community, Syzygium oblatum community) of Xishuangbanna tropical forests. The results were:(1) Soil N_2O emissions varied significantly in three succession stages(P<0.05). The order was ranked as S. oblatum community(462.4 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))>M. acuminatan community(378.93 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))>M. paniculatus community(310.68 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)).(2) The N_2O flux had similarity in monthly variation in three succession stages, with the highest values observed in June, and lower ones in December. And(3) the temporal variation in soil N_2O was positively affected by soil easily oxidized organic carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen, NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N. Whereas, the dynamics of soil N_2O emissions were negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH value. We can conclude that soil N_2O emissions can sensitively response to the community succession in Xishuangbanna tropical forests. The variation in soil N_2O emissions is attributed to the changes of the soil factors(e.g., temperature, moisture, easily oxidized carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and nitrate and ammonium nitrogen) in different succession stages of Xishuangbanna tropical forests.
Nitrous oxide(N_2O) is an important greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Expounding the dynamics of N_2O emissions from soil tropical forests and its regulatory mechanism is an important part of global change and international climate negotiations. This study aimed to understand the response of temporal dynamics of soil N_2O to secondary succession in the tropical forests. The static chamber-gas chromatograph method was applied to explore the relationship of soil N_2O emissions and soil temperature, moisture, and soil physiochemical properties in three secondary succession stages(i.e., Mallotus paniculatus community, Mellettia leptobotrya community, Syzygium oblatum community) of Xishuangbanna tropical forests. The results were:(1) Soil N_2O emissions varied significantly in three succession stages(P<0.05). The order was ranked as S. oblatum community(462.4 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))>M. acuminatan community(378.93 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1))>M. paniculatus community(310.68 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)).(2) The N_2O flux had similarity in monthly variation in three succession stages, with the highest values observed in June, and lower ones in December. And(3) the temporal variation in soil N_2O was positively affected by soil easily oxidized organic carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen, NO_3~--N and NH_4~+-N. Whereas, the dynamics of soil N_2O emissions were negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH value. We can conclude that soil N_2O emissions can sensitively response to the community succession in Xishuangbanna tropical forests. The variation in soil N_2O emissions is attributed to the changes of the soil factors(e.g., temperature, moisture, easily oxidized carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and nitrate and ammonium nitrogen) in different succession stages of Xishuangbanna tropical forests.
引文
AMELOOT N,NEVE S,JEGAJEEVAGAN K,et al.,2013.Short-term CO2and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,57:401-410.
ANDERSEN A J,PETERSEN S O,2009.Effects of C and N availability and soil-water potential interactions on N2O evolution and PLFAcomposition[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(8):1726-1734.
BARAL B R,KUYPER T W,VAN GROENIGEN J W,2014.Liebig's law of the minimum applied to a greenhouse gas:Alleviation of P-limitation reduces soil N2O emission[J].Plant and Soil,374(1-2):539-548.
CANNAVO P,RICHAUME A,LAFOLIE F,2004.Fate of nitrogen and carbon in the vadose zone:in situ and laboratory measurements of seasonal variation in aerobic respiratory and denitrifying activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,36(3):463-478.
CHEN H H,MOTHAPO N V,SHI W,2015.Soil moisture and pH control relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to N2O production[J].Microbial Ecology,69(1):180-191.
DAVIDSON E A,NEPSTAD D C,ISHIDA F Y,et al.,2008.Effects of an experimental drought and recovery on soil emissions of carbon dioxide,methane,nitrous oxide,and nitric oxide in a moist tropical forest[J].Global Change Biology,14:2582-2590.
IPCC,2007.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis//Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[R].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
IPCC,2014.Mitigation of climate change.Contribution of working groupⅢto the fifth assessment report of the IPCC[R].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
KOOL D M,WRAGE N,ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN S,et al.,2010.Nitrifier denitrification can be a source of N2O from soil:Arevised approach to the dual-isotope labelling method[J].European Journal of Soil Science,61(5):759-772.
LI H F,XIA H P,FU S L,et al.,2009.Emissions of soil greenhouse gases in response to understory removal and Cassia alata in a Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Guangdong Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,33(6):1015-1022.
LI H F,ZHANG X F,2010.Soil greenhouse gases emission from an Acacia crassicarpa plantation under effects of understory removal and Cassia alata addition[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(3):563-568.
MORISHITA T,AIZAWA S,YOSHINAGA S,et al.,2011.Seasonal change in N2O flux from forest soils in a forest catchment in Japan[J].Journal of Forest Research,16(5):386-393.
RAVISHANKARA A,DANIEL J,PORTMANN R,2009.Nitrous oxide(N2O):the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century[J].Science,326(5949):123-125.
SCHEER C,GRACE P R,ROWLINGS D W,et al.,2011.Effect of biochar amendment on the soil-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases from an intensive subtropical pasture in northern New South Wales,Australia[J].Plant and Soil,345(1-2):47-58.
WANG L F,DU H C,HAN Z Q,et al.,2013.Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,25(6):1071-1076.
WOLF I,BRUMME R,2003.Dinitrogen and nitrous oxide formation in beech forest floor and mineral soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,67(6):1862-1868.
ZHANG J B,CAI Z C,ZHU T B,2011.N2O production pathways in the subtropical acid forest soils in China[J].Environmental Research,111(5):643-649.
ZHU R B,LIU Y S,MA J,et al.,2008.Nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere from two coastal tundra wetlands in eastern Antarctica[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(10):2437-2447.
陈果,刘岳燕,姚槐应,等,2006.一种测定淹水土壤中微生物生物量碳的方法:液氯熏蒸浸提-水浴法[J].土壤学报,43(6):981-988.CHEN G,LIU Y Y,YAO H Y,et al.,2006.A method for measuring microbial biomass C in waterlogged soil:Chloroform fumigation extraction-water bath method[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,43(6):981-988.
耿静,程淑兰,方华军,等,2017.氮素类型和剂量对寒温带针叶林土壤N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,37(2):395-404.GENG J,CHENG S L,FANG H J,et al.,2017.The effects of types and doses of nitrogen addition on soil N2O flux in a cold-temperate coniferous forest,northern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(2):395-404.
黄志宏,张宇鸿,沈燕,等,2016.中亚热带森林地表CH4和N2O通量影响因素分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,36(4):56-63.HUANG Z H,ZHANG Y H,SHEN Y,et al.,2016.Effects of environmental factors on soil CH4 and N2O fluxes in three forest types in central subtropical China[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,36(4):56-63.
李海防,段文军,2011.华南地区典型人工林土壤二氧化碳和氧化亚氮通量研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,28(1):26-32.LI H F,DUAN W J,2011.Soil CO2 and N2O fluxes from four typical plantations in southern China[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&FUniversity,28(1):26-32.
李睿达,张凯,苏丹,等,2014.施肥强度对不同土壤有机碳水平桉树林温室气体通量的影响[J].环境科学,35(10):3903-3910.LI R D,ZHANG K,SU D,et al.,2014.Effects of nitrogen application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in Eucalyptus plantations with different soil organic content[J].Environmental Science,35(10):3903-3910.
刘硕,李玉娥,孙晓涵,等,2013.温度和土壤含水量对温带森林土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,22(7):1093-1098.LIU S,LI Y E,SUN X H,et al.,2013.Effects of temperature and soil moisture on greenhouse gases emission of temperate forest soil[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,22(7):1093-1098.
卢华正,沙丽清,王君,等,2009.西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,20(10):2315-2322.LU H Z,SHA L Q,WANG J,et al.,2009.Seasonal variation of soil respiration and its components in tropical rain forest and rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(10):2315-2322.
孙文浩,杨世伟,高晓东,等,2017.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤CO2,N2O通量特征[J].水土保持研究,24(1):68-74.SUN W H,YANG S W,GAO X D,et al.,2017.Characteristics of CO2 and N2O emissions under different land-use types in loess hilly region of China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,24(1):68-74.
苏王娟,付晓青,李勇,等,2012.亚热带典型丘陵坡地马尾松林土壤N2O的年通量特征[J].林业科学,48(5):130-135.SU W J,FU X Q,LI Y,et al.,2012.Annual nitrous oxide fluxes from the Pinus massoniana woodland in a typical hilly region of the southern subtropical China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,48(5):130-135.
田松岩,刘延坤,沃晓棠,等,2014.小兴安岭3种原始红松林的土壤有机碳研究[J].北京林业大学学报,36(5):33-38.TIAN S Y,LIU Y K,WO X T,et al.,2014.Organic carbon of soil in three original Pinus koraiensis forests in XiaoXing’an Mountains of northeastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,36(5):33-38.
王颖,王传宽,傅民杰,等,2009.四种温带森林土壤氧化亚氮通量及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,20(5):1007-1012.WANG Y,WANG C K,FU M J,et al.,2009.Soil nitrous oxide emission in four temperate forests in northeastern China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(5):1007-1012.
王邵军,王红,李霁航,2016.热带森林不同演替阶段蚂蚁巢穴的分布特征及其影响因素[J].生物多样性,24(8):916-921.WANG S J,WANG H,LI J H,2016.Distribution characteristics of ant mounds and correlating factors across different succession stages of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna[J].Biodiversity Science,24(8):916-921.
张寒,胡正华,陈书涛,等,2017.模拟酸雨对大豆田土壤N2O通量及植株和土壤氮含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,26(4):590-596.ZHANG H,HU H Z,CHEN S T,et al.,2017.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil N2O emissions and nitrogen contents of plant and soil in soybean farmland[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,26(4):590-596.
中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.1983.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社.China Soil Society Agricultural Chemistry Committee,1983.Soil agricultural chemical general analysis method[J].Beijing:Science Press.
ANDERSEN A J,PETERSEN S O,2009.Effects of C and N availability and soil-water potential interactions on N2O evolution and PLFAcomposition[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(8):1726-1734.
BARAL B R,KUYPER T W,VAN GROENIGEN J W,2014.Liebig's law of the minimum applied to a greenhouse gas:Alleviation of P-limitation reduces soil N2O emission[J].Plant and Soil,374(1-2):539-548.
CANNAVO P,RICHAUME A,LAFOLIE F,2004.Fate of nitrogen and carbon in the vadose zone:in situ and laboratory measurements of seasonal variation in aerobic respiratory and denitrifying activities[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,36(3):463-478.
CHEN H H,MOTHAPO N V,SHI W,2015.Soil moisture and pH control relative contributions of fungi and bacteria to N2O production[J].Microbial Ecology,69(1):180-191.
DAVIDSON E A,NEPSTAD D C,ISHIDA F Y,et al.,2008.Effects of an experimental drought and recovery on soil emissions of carbon dioxide,methane,nitrous oxide,and nitric oxide in a moist tropical forest[J].Global Change Biology,14:2582-2590.
IPCC,2007.Climate change 2007:the physical science basis//Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[R].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
IPCC,2014.Mitigation of climate change.Contribution of working groupⅢto the fifth assessment report of the IPCC[R].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
KOOL D M,WRAGE N,ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN S,et al.,2010.Nitrifier denitrification can be a source of N2O from soil:Arevised approach to the dual-isotope labelling method[J].European Journal of Soil Science,61(5):759-772.
LI H F,XIA H P,FU S L,et al.,2009.Emissions of soil greenhouse gases in response to understory removal and Cassia alata in a Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Guangdong Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,33(6):1015-1022.
LI H F,ZHANG X F,2010.Soil greenhouse gases emission from an Acacia crassicarpa plantation under effects of understory removal and Cassia alata addition[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(3):563-568.
MORISHITA T,AIZAWA S,YOSHINAGA S,et al.,2011.Seasonal change in N2O flux from forest soils in a forest catchment in Japan[J].Journal of Forest Research,16(5):386-393.
RAVISHANKARA A,DANIEL J,PORTMANN R,2009.Nitrous oxide(N2O):the dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st century[J].Science,326(5949):123-125.
SCHEER C,GRACE P R,ROWLINGS D W,et al.,2011.Effect of biochar amendment on the soil-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases from an intensive subtropical pasture in northern New South Wales,Australia[J].Plant and Soil,345(1-2):47-58.
WANG L F,DU H C,HAN Z Q,et al.,2013.Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,25(6):1071-1076.
WOLF I,BRUMME R,2003.Dinitrogen and nitrous oxide formation in beech forest floor and mineral soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,67(6):1862-1868.
ZHANG J B,CAI Z C,ZHU T B,2011.N2O production pathways in the subtropical acid forest soils in China[J].Environmental Research,111(5):643-649.
ZHU R B,LIU Y S,MA J,et al.,2008.Nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere from two coastal tundra wetlands in eastern Antarctica[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(10):2437-2447.
陈果,刘岳燕,姚槐应,等,2006.一种测定淹水土壤中微生物生物量碳的方法:液氯熏蒸浸提-水浴法[J].土壤学报,43(6):981-988.CHEN G,LIU Y Y,YAO H Y,et al.,2006.A method for measuring microbial biomass C in waterlogged soil:Chloroform fumigation extraction-water bath method[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,43(6):981-988.
耿静,程淑兰,方华军,等,2017.氮素类型和剂量对寒温带针叶林土壤N2O排放的影响[J].生态学报,37(2):395-404.GENG J,CHENG S L,FANG H J,et al.,2017.The effects of types and doses of nitrogen addition on soil N2O flux in a cold-temperate coniferous forest,northern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(2):395-404.
黄志宏,张宇鸿,沈燕,等,2016.中亚热带森林地表CH4和N2O通量影响因素分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,36(4):56-63.HUANG Z H,ZHANG Y H,SHEN Y,et al.,2016.Effects of environmental factors on soil CH4 and N2O fluxes in three forest types in central subtropical China[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,36(4):56-63.
李海防,段文军,2011.华南地区典型人工林土壤二氧化碳和氧化亚氮通量研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,28(1):26-32.LI H F,DUAN W J,2011.Soil CO2 and N2O fluxes from four typical plantations in southern China[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&FUniversity,28(1):26-32.
李睿达,张凯,苏丹,等,2014.施肥强度对不同土壤有机碳水平桉树林温室气体通量的影响[J].环境科学,35(10):3903-3910.LI R D,ZHANG K,SU D,et al.,2014.Effects of nitrogen application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in Eucalyptus plantations with different soil organic content[J].Environmental Science,35(10):3903-3910.
刘硕,李玉娥,孙晓涵,等,2013.温度和土壤含水量对温带森林土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].生态环境学报,22(7):1093-1098.LIU S,LI Y E,SUN X H,et al.,2013.Effects of temperature and soil moisture on greenhouse gases emission of temperate forest soil[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,22(7):1093-1098.
卢华正,沙丽清,王君,等,2009.西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸的季节变化[J].应用生态学报,20(10):2315-2322.LU H Z,SHA L Q,WANG J,et al.,2009.Seasonal variation of soil respiration and its components in tropical rain forest and rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(10):2315-2322.
孙文浩,杨世伟,高晓东,等,2017.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤CO2,N2O通量特征[J].水土保持研究,24(1):68-74.SUN W H,YANG S W,GAO X D,et al.,2017.Characteristics of CO2 and N2O emissions under different land-use types in loess hilly region of China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,24(1):68-74.
苏王娟,付晓青,李勇,等,2012.亚热带典型丘陵坡地马尾松林土壤N2O的年通量特征[J].林业科学,48(5):130-135.SU W J,FU X Q,LI Y,et al.,2012.Annual nitrous oxide fluxes from the Pinus massoniana woodland in a typical hilly region of the southern subtropical China[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,48(5):130-135.
田松岩,刘延坤,沃晓棠,等,2014.小兴安岭3种原始红松林的土壤有机碳研究[J].北京林业大学学报,36(5):33-38.TIAN S Y,LIU Y K,WO X T,et al.,2014.Organic carbon of soil in three original Pinus koraiensis forests in XiaoXing’an Mountains of northeastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,36(5):33-38.
王颖,王传宽,傅民杰,等,2009.四种温带森林土壤氧化亚氮通量及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,20(5):1007-1012.WANG Y,WANG C K,FU M J,et al.,2009.Soil nitrous oxide emission in four temperate forests in northeastern China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,20(5):1007-1012.
王邵军,王红,李霁航,2016.热带森林不同演替阶段蚂蚁巢穴的分布特征及其影响因素[J].生物多样性,24(8):916-921.WANG S J,WANG H,LI J H,2016.Distribution characteristics of ant mounds and correlating factors across different succession stages of tropical forests in Xishuangbanna[J].Biodiversity Science,24(8):916-921.
张寒,胡正华,陈书涛,等,2017.模拟酸雨对大豆田土壤N2O通量及植株和土壤氮含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,26(4):590-596.ZHANG H,HU H Z,CHEN S T,et al.,2017.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil N2O emissions and nitrogen contents of plant and soil in soybean farmland[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,26(4):590-596.
中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.1983.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社.China Soil Society Agricultural Chemistry Committee,1983.Soil agricultural chemical general analysis method[J].Beijing:Science Press.
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