猪粪添加煤粉施用对农田径流磷流失的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究煤粉对于控制粪肥施用后农田径流磷流失的作用,为研发适用于小农户的农业面源污染控制技术提供科学依据和技术参考。【方法】在自然降雨条件下,采用径流试验装置,设置不施肥、单施猪粪、猪粪添加煤粉3个处理,对种植期内地表径流的体积、不同形态磷的质量浓度及流失量进行检测,分析猪粪添加煤粉施用对地表径流磷流失及植株生长的影响。【结果】与单施猪粪相比,添加煤粉可以减少地表径流的产生,显著降低不同形态磷的质量浓度和流失负荷。总磷(TP)、水溶性总磷(TDP)、颗粒态磷(PP)、水溶性无机磷(DIP)和水溶性有机磷(DOP)质量浓度分别降低22.54%、16.84%、27.84%、20.94%和5.10%,流失负荷减少26.6%、19.6%、32.0%、23.2%和14.5%。添加煤粉对前2茬小白菜生长不利,但从第3茬开始出现显著的促进作用。【结论】添加煤粉可以有效降低猪粪施用后引起的农田径流磷流失风险,但可能存在一段对作物生长不利的时期。
[Purpose]To gain knowledge of the effect of coal powder application on controlling phosphorus loss through runoff caused by manure application, and to provide scientific basis and technical reference for the research and development of technology applicable to small farmers to control agricultural non-point source pollution.[Method]Farmland runoff simulation experiment was carried out under natural rainfall regime and three treatments were designed, that was non-fertilizer, pig manure only, pig manure plus pulverized coal. During the culture, the volume, concentrations and loss load of phosphorus in various forms of runoff were tested to study effects of pig manure application mixed with pulverized coal on phosphorus loss through runoff and the growth of plants.[Result]Compared with pig manure application only, pig manure application mixed with pulverized coal could reduce the amount of runoff produced during the rainfall, and significantly lowered the concentration and loss load of different phosphorus species. The concentrations of total phosphorus(TP), total dissolved phosphorus(TDP), particle phosphorus(PP), dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) in surface runoff were reduced by 22.54%, 16.84%, 27.84%, 22.54% and5.10%, while loss load reduced by 26.6%, 19.6%, 32.0%, 23.2% and 14.5%. The addition of pulverized coal had a negative effect on the growth of pakchoi of the first two crops, but a better promotion effect was observed starting from the third crops.[ Conclusion] The addition of pulverized coal could effectively reduce the risk of phosphorus loss through runoff caused by pig manure application in farmland,which yet may produce a bad effect on the plant growth during a time.
[Purpose]To gain knowledge of the effect of coal powder application on controlling phosphorus loss through runoff caused by manure application, and to provide scientific basis and technical reference for the research and development of technology applicable to small farmers to control agricultural non-point source pollution.[Method]Farmland runoff simulation experiment was carried out under natural rainfall regime and three treatments were designed, that was non-fertilizer, pig manure only, pig manure plus pulverized coal. During the culture, the volume, concentrations and loss load of phosphorus in various forms of runoff were tested to study effects of pig manure application mixed with pulverized coal on phosphorus loss through runoff and the growth of plants.[Result]Compared with pig manure application only, pig manure application mixed with pulverized coal could reduce the amount of runoff produced during the rainfall, and significantly lowered the concentration and loss load of different phosphorus species. The concentrations of total phosphorus(TP), total dissolved phosphorus(TDP), particle phosphorus(PP), dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) in surface runoff were reduced by 22.54%, 16.84%, 27.84%, 22.54% and5.10%, while loss load reduced by 26.6%, 19.6%, 32.0%, 23.2% and 14.5%. The addition of pulverized coal had a negative effect on the growth of pakchoi of the first two crops, but a better promotion effect was observed starting from the third crops.[ Conclusion] The addition of pulverized coal could effectively reduce the risk of phosphorus loss through runoff caused by pig manure application in farmland,which yet may produce a bad effect on the plant growth during a time.
引文
[1]朱晓辉.施用有机肥对土壤磷组分和农田磷流失的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
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[11]章明奎,郑顺安,王丽平.粪肥添加明矾对降低农田磷和重金属流失的作用[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):65.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2007.01.015.
[12]宋玉萍,杨苞梅,李国良,等.施用鸡粪土壤中磷的径流损失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):33.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2009.06.008.
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[14]SESHADRI B,KUNHIKRISHNAN A,BOLAN N,et al.Effect of industrial waste products on phosphorus mobilization and biomass production in abattoir wastewater irrigated soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(17):10013.DOI:10.1007/s11356-014-3030-5.
[15]陈灿,潘亚男,王欣,等.凤眼莲生物炭对稻田土壤肥力的影响[J].环境化学,2017,36(4):907.DOI:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017.04.2016071201.
[16]陈小华,钱晓雍,李小平,等.脱硫石膏对土壤磷流失的阻控效应及机制试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):148.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.03.020.
[17]吴晓雨,繆恒锋,阮文权.活性氧化铝、锰砂和煤的磷吸附能力比较研究[J].上海环境科学,2010,29(6):240.
[18]陈巧,李永梅.五种物料对磷的吸附解吸能力研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(1):39.
[19]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[20]HAO S X,WEN J,YU X P,et al.Effect of the surface oxygen groups on methane adsorption on coals[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,264:433.DOI:10.1016/j.ap susc.2012.10.040.
[21]徐宏祥.有机废水的煤吸附净化机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2015.
[22]陈重军,刘凤军,冯宇,等.不同原料来源生物质炭对蔬菜种植土壤氮磷流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2336.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2015.12.012.
[2]CHRYSOSTOME M,NAIR V D,HARRIS W G,et al.Laboratory validation of soil phosphorus storage capacity predictions for use in risk assessment[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2007,71(5):1564.DOI:10.2136/sssaj2006.0094.
[3]HEREDIA O S,CIRELLI A F.Environmental risks of increasing phosphorus addition in relation to soil sorption capacity[J].Geoderma,2007,137(3/4):426.DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.09.005.
[4]郭冬生,彭小兰,龚群辉,等.畜禽粪便污染与治理利用方法研究进展[J].浙江农业学报,2012,24(6):1164.
[5]耿维,胡林,崔建宇,等.中国区域畜禽粪便能源潜力及总量控制研究[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):171.
[6]杜会英,张爱,夏维,等.4种畜禽粪便中磷特征研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(1):27.
[7]李国华.我国畜禽粪便磷组分与土壤磷养分资源管理策略[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[8]徐秋桐,张莉,章明奎.不同有机废弃物对土壤磷吸附能力及有效性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):236.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.22.029.
[9]VADAS P A.Distribution of phosphorus in manure slurry and its infiltration after application to soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2009,35(2):542.DOI:10.2134/jeq2005.0214.
[10]潘复燕,薛利红,卢萍,等.不同土壤添加剂对太湖流域小麦产量及氮磷养分流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(5):928.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2015.05.016.
[11]章明奎,郑顺安,王丽平.粪肥添加明矾对降低农田磷和重金属流失的作用[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):65.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2007.01.015.
[12]宋玉萍,杨苞梅,李国良,等.施用鸡粪土壤中磷的径流损失特征研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):33.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2009.06.008.
[13]FENTON O,KIRWAN L,HUALLACHáIN Dó,et al.The effectiveness and feasibility of using ochre as a soil amendment to sequester dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff[J].Water,Air and Soil Pollution,2012,223(3):1249.DOI:10.1007/s11270-011-0941-3.
[14]SESHADRI B,KUNHIKRISHNAN A,BOLAN N,et al.Effect of industrial waste products on phosphorus mobilization and biomass production in abattoir wastewater irrigated soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(17):10013.DOI:10.1007/s11356-014-3030-5.
[15]陈灿,潘亚男,王欣,等.凤眼莲生物炭对稻田土壤肥力的影响[J].环境化学,2017,36(4):907.DOI:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017.04.2016071201.
[16]陈小华,钱晓雍,李小平,等.脱硫石膏对土壤磷流失的阻控效应及机制试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):148.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.03.020.
[17]吴晓雨,繆恒锋,阮文权.活性氧化铝、锰砂和煤的磷吸附能力比较研究[J].上海环境科学,2010,29(6):240.
[18]陈巧,李永梅.五种物料对磷的吸附解吸能力研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(1):39.
[19]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[20]HAO S X,WEN J,YU X P,et al.Effect of the surface oxygen groups on methane adsorption on coals[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,264:433.DOI:10.1016/j.ap susc.2012.10.040.
[21]徐宏祥.有机废水的煤吸附净化机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2015.
[22]陈重军,刘凤军,冯宇,等.不同原料来源生物质炭对蔬菜种植土壤氮磷流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2336.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2015.12.012.