基于层次分析法的农业面源污染防治技术评价
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摘要
针对我国农业面源污染防治技术特点,建立了包含经济效益、环境效益和技术适用性3个方面共14项评价指标的指标体系,将指标体系与层次分析法(AHP)相结合,建立基于层次分析法的农业面源污染防治技术评价体系。由指标的权重结合相关领域专家打分,对技术进行综合评价,以此判定技术的等级。用建立的技术评价方法对6项农业面源污染防治技术进行评价,结果表明:生物活性炭施用控制养分流失技术和生态拦截技术的技术评价等级分别为中和良;玉米秸秆微生物发酵床生猪养殖污染控制技术和上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)+序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)处理技术的技术评价等级分别为良和中;厌氧-土壤净化床处理技术和厌氧-跌水充氧接触氧化-人工湿地处理技术的技术评价等级均为中;所建立的技术评价方法适用于同类型农业面源污染防治技术中不同单项技术的对比和筛选。
According to the technical characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China, an index system of 14 evaluation indexes including economic benefit, environmental benefit and technical applicability was established. Combining the index system with the analytic hierarchy process( AHP), an agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technology evaluation system based on AHP was established. By combining the weight of indicators with the score of experts in relevant fields, the technology was comprehensively evaluated to determine the level of technology. The technology evaluation method was applied to evaluate 6 agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technologies in 3 categories. It revealed:the evaluation levels of nutrient loss control technology and ecological interception technology for bioactive carbon were neutralization and good respectively; the pollution control technology of microbial fermentation bed of corn straw and UASB + SBR treatment technology were rated as good and medium respectively; the treatment technology of anaerobic-soil purification bed and anaerobic-falling water oxygenation-contact oxidation-artificial wetland were rated as medium. The technical evaluation method is applicable to the comparison and screening of different single technologies in the prevention and control of different types of agricultural non-point source pollution.
According to the technical characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China, an index system of 14 evaluation indexes including economic benefit, environmental benefit and technical applicability was established. Combining the index system with the analytic hierarchy process( AHP), an agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technology evaluation system based on AHP was established. By combining the weight of indicators with the score of experts in relevant fields, the technology was comprehensively evaluated to determine the level of technology. The technology evaluation method was applied to evaluate 6 agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control technologies in 3 categories. It revealed:the evaluation levels of nutrient loss control technology and ecological interception technology for bioactive carbon were neutralization and good respectively; the pollution control technology of microbial fermentation bed of corn straw and UASB + SBR treatment technology were rated as good and medium respectively; the treatment technology of anaerobic-soil purification bed and anaerobic-falling water oxygenation-contact oxidation-artificial wetland were rated as medium. The technical evaluation method is applicable to the comparison and screening of different single technologies in the prevention and control of different types of agricultural non-point source pollution.
引文
[1]环境保护部,国家统计局,农业部.第一次全国污染源普查公报[A/OL].(2010-02-11)[2018-07-10].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201002/t20100210_185698.htm.
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[15]鄢恒珍.小城镇污水处理方案技术经济分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[16]王忠敏,梅凯.氮磷生态拦截技术在治理太湖流域农业面源污染中的应用[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(8):336-338.
[17]肖佳华.生态养猪发酵床垫料原料替代技术研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,2012.
[18]蒋建明,闫俊山,白建勇.微生物发酵床养猪模式的关键技术研究与应用[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(9):173-176.
[19]李艳苓,耿兵,朱昌雄.畜禽养殖业面源污染微生物发酵床控制技术应用与防治建议[J].中国猪业,2017(7):25-29.
[20]GUO H,GENG B,ZHU C X,et al.Characterization of bacterial consortium and its application in an ectopic fermentation system[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,139:28-33.
[21]田宁宁,王凯军.固液分离-UASB-SBR技术处理酒精糟液工程[J].给水排水,2000,26(9):49-51.
[2]佟笑.基于层次分析法的刊物影响因子的关键影响因素研究[J].沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版),2018,14(1):82-87.TONG X.Research on the key influencing factors of journal impact factors based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Social Sciences),2018,14(1):82-87.
[3]童娟.基于层次分析法的大学生就业质量评价[J].现代电子技术,2018,41(7):160-164.TONG J.College students employment quality evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2018,41(7):160-164.
[4]肖永华,郭川印.层次分析法在确定炼化设计企业绩效考核指标权重中的应用[J].当代化工,2018,47(2):396-399.XIAO Y H,GUO C Y.Application of analytic hierarchy process(AHP)in determining the weights of performance evaluation indexes in refinery and petrochemical enterprises[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry,2018,47(2):396-399.
[5]田伟,张岚,王波.基于层次分析法的区域医疗中心评价指标体系研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(6):1052-1055.TIAN W,ZHANG L,WANG B.Research on evaluation index system of regional medical center based on analytic hierarchy process[J].Modern Preventive Medicine,2018,45(6):1052-1055.
[6]李丛,段亮,宋永会,等.辽河流域水污染治理技术评估软件的开发与应用[J].环境工程技术学报,2011,1(4):348-352.LI C,DUAN L,SONG Y H,et al.The development and application of water pollution treatment technology assessment software for Liao River Basin[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2011,1(4):348-352.
[7]李蕊,宋永会,段亮,等.基于模糊-灰色评价法集成的工业废水处理技术评估研究[J].环境工程技术学报,2011,1(4):344-347.LI R,SONG Y H,DUAN L,et al.Study on industrial wastewater treatment technology assessment based on fuzzy and grey integrated evaluation method[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2011,1(4):344-347.
[8]肖新成.重庆三峡库区农业面源污染防治研究:基于农户参与、政府主导的视角[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[9]李凯.农业面源污染与农产品质量安全源头综合治理:以浙江省蔬菜产业为例的机制与推广研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[10]周早弘.农业面源污染实证分析与政策选择[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.
[11]曲环.农业面源污染控制的补偿理论与途径研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2007.
[12]朱昌雄,黄亚丽.生物资源与农业面源污染防治[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011.
[13]邓小云.农业面源污染防治法律制度研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[14]王学军,郭亚军.基于G1法的判断矩阵的一致性分析[J].中国管理科学,2006,14(3):65-70.WANG X J,GUO Y J.Analyzing the consistency of comparison matrix based on G1 method[J].China Journal of Management Science,2006,14(3):65-70.
[15]鄢恒珍.小城镇污水处理方案技术经济分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[16]王忠敏,梅凯.氮磷生态拦截技术在治理太湖流域农业面源污染中的应用[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(8):336-338.
[17]肖佳华.生态养猪发酵床垫料原料替代技术研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,2012.
[18]蒋建明,闫俊山,白建勇.微生物发酵床养猪模式的关键技术研究与应用[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(9):173-176.
[19]李艳苓,耿兵,朱昌雄.畜禽养殖业面源污染微生物发酵床控制技术应用与防治建议[J].中国猪业,2017(7):25-29.
[20]GUO H,GENG B,ZHU C X,et al.Characterization of bacterial consortium and its application in an ectopic fermentation system[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,139:28-33.
[21]田宁宁,王凯军.固液分离-UASB-SBR技术处理酒精糟液工程[J].给水排水,2000,26(9):49-51.