南水北调东线中游枢纽湖泊有色可溶性有机物来源组成特征
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摘要
运用三维荧光光谱(excitation-emission matrices,EEMs)与平行因子分析模型(parallel factor analysis,PARAFAC)技术手段对南水北调东线枢纽湖泊洪泽湖、骆马湖两个水体中CDOM的来源组成特征进行分析.结果表明:①解析出两湖泊均得到3个荧光组分,陆源类腐殖质C1、类色氨酸C2和类酪氨酸C3.②两湖泊3种组分荧光强度在入湖河口附近明显高于其他水域,且丰水季节3种组分荧光强度均显著大于枯水季节(t-test,P <0. 01),其中陆源类腐殖质C1的荧光强度在丰水期最大.表明两湖水体CDOM来源与组成受上游水系来水量和水文过程的影响较大,尤其是陆源类腐殖质浓度的高低.③相关性分析得出,陆源类腐殖质C1与DOC浓度、吸收系数a(254)有极显著相关性(r~2=0. 60,P <0. 01; r~2=0. 88,P <0. 01),相关性高于其余两种组分,表明陆源类腐殖质为CDOM的主要来源.另外,陆源类腐殖质C1与SUVA、S275-295、IC∶IT具有很好的相关性(r~2=0. 49,P <0. 01; r~2=0. 61,P <0. 01; r~2=0. 93,P <0. 01),进一步说明了两湖泊CDOM来源与组成受陆源影响较大.洪泽湖、骆马湖CDOM来源与组成受到不同水文情景和入湖河流的影响,应加强丰水期对入湖河流的水质管理.
Lake Hongze and Lake Luoma are two key lakes located in the middle reaches of the east line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. We attempted to unravel the sources and optical composition of CDOM for samples collected from these lakes using excitation-emission matrices( EEMs) and parallel factor analysis( PARAFAC). ① Three fluorescent components were obtained using PARAFAC,including a terrestrial humic-like C1,a tryptophan-like C2,and a tyrosine-like C3. The sources and optical composition of CDOM in the two lakes were,to a large extent,affected by upstream inflow. ② Specifically,fluorescence intensity( Fmax) of the three components C1-C3 in the inflowing river mouths of the two lakes was notably higher than in the other lake regions,and Fmaxof the three components during the flood season was significantly higher than during the dry season( t-test,P < 0. 01). During the flood season,the fluorescence intensity of the terrestrial humic-like component was the highest. This indicates that the source and composition of CDOM in the two lakes are greatly affected by the inflow from the upstream water system,and that the hydrological processes control the abundance and sources of CDOM,especially the terrestrial humic-like C1. ③ Significant positive relationships were found between the terrestrial humic-like C1 and the DOC concentrations and CDOM absorption a( 254)( r~2= 0. 60,P < 0. 01; r~2= 0. 88,P < 0. 01),and the correlation was higher than the other two components. This indicated that the terrestrial humic-like component was the main source of CDOM. In addition,the terrestrial humic-like C1 had a significant positive correlation with SUVA,S275-295,and the integration ratio of the fluorescence peak C to peak T( IC∶ IT)( r~2= 0. 49,P < 0. 01; r~2= 0. 61,P < 0. 01; r~2= 0. 93,P < 0. 01). It is further revealed that the source and composition of CDOM in the two lakes are greatly affected by land sources. This study reveals the response of CDOM source and composition in Lake Hongze and Lake Luoma to different hydrological scenarios and water transfer processes. Based on these results,the water quality management of the rivers entering the lake should be strengthened during the flood season.
Lake Hongze and Lake Luoma are two key lakes located in the middle reaches of the east line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. We attempted to unravel the sources and optical composition of CDOM for samples collected from these lakes using excitation-emission matrices( EEMs) and parallel factor analysis( PARAFAC). ① Three fluorescent components were obtained using PARAFAC,including a terrestrial humic-like C1,a tryptophan-like C2,and a tyrosine-like C3. The sources and optical composition of CDOM in the two lakes were,to a large extent,affected by upstream inflow. ② Specifically,fluorescence intensity( Fmax) of the three components C1-C3 in the inflowing river mouths of the two lakes was notably higher than in the other lake regions,and Fmaxof the three components during the flood season was significantly higher than during the dry season( t-test,P < 0. 01). During the flood season,the fluorescence intensity of the terrestrial humic-like component was the highest. This indicates that the source and composition of CDOM in the two lakes are greatly affected by the inflow from the upstream water system,and that the hydrological processes control the abundance and sources of CDOM,especially the terrestrial humic-like C1. ③ Significant positive relationships were found between the terrestrial humic-like C1 and the DOC concentrations and CDOM absorption a( 254)( r~2= 0. 60,P < 0. 01; r~2= 0. 88,P < 0. 01),and the correlation was higher than the other two components. This indicated that the terrestrial humic-like component was the main source of CDOM. In addition,the terrestrial humic-like C1 had a significant positive correlation with SUVA,S275-295,and the integration ratio of the fluorescence peak C to peak T( IC∶ IT)( r~2= 0. 49,P < 0. 01; r~2= 0. 61,P < 0. 01; r~2= 0. 93,P < 0. 01). It is further revealed that the source and composition of CDOM in the two lakes are greatly affected by land sources. This study reveals the response of CDOM source and composition in Lake Hongze and Lake Luoma to different hydrological scenarios and water transfer processes. Based on these results,the water quality management of the rivers entering the lake should be strengthened during the flood season.
引文
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[6]姚昕,孙将凌,董杰,等.东平湖CDOM的光谱吸收特征及环境指示意义[J].光谱学与谱分析,2016,36(10):3232-3236.Yao X,Sun J L,Dong J,et al. Absorption characteristics and environmental significance of dissolved organic matter in Lake Dongping[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(10):3232-3236.
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[9] Yu M,Wang C R,Liu Y,et al. Sustainability of mega water diversion projects:experience and lessons from China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,619-620:721-731.
[10] Shao T T,Song K S,Du J,et al. Seasonal variations of CDOM optical properties in rivers across the Liaohe Delta[J].Wetlands,2016,36(S1):181-192.
[11] Wang M,Chen Y G. Generation and characterization of DOM in wastewater treatment processes[J]. Chemosphere,2018,201:96-109.
[12] Song K S,Li L,Tedesco L,et al. Spectral characterization of colored dissolved organic matter for productive inland waters and its source analysis[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,2015,25(3):295-308.
[13] Huang M,Li Z W,Luo N L,et al. Application potential of biochar in environment:Insight from degradation of biocharderived DOM and complexation of DOM with heavy metals[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,646:220-228.
[14] Murphy K R,Stedmon C A,Graeber D,et al. Fluorescence spectroscopy and multi-way techniques. PARAFAC[J].Analytical Methods,2013,5(23):6557-6566.
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[16]周倩倩,苏荣国,白莹,等.舟山渔场有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的三维荧光-平行因子分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):163-171.Zhou Q Q, Su R G, Bai Y, et al. Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Zhoushan Fishery using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs)and parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)[J]. Environment Science,2015,36(1):163-171.
[17]刘笑菡,张运林,殷燕,等.三维荧光光谱及平行因子分析法在CDOM研究中的应用[J].海洋湖沼通报,2012,(3):133-145.Liu X H,Zhang Y L,Yin Y,et al. Application of threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis in CDOM study[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2012,(3):133-145.
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[19] Fichot C G, Benner R. The spectral slope coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(S275-295)as a tracer of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon in river-influenced ocean margins[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2012,57(5):1453-1466.
[20] Wang Y,Zhang D,Shen Z Y,et al. Characterization and spacial distribution variability of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Chemosphere,2014,95:353-362.
[21] Lawaetz A J,Stedmon C A. Fluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of water[J]. Applied Spectroscopy,2009,63(8):936-940.
[22] Zepp R G,Sheldon W M,Moran M A. Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeastern US coastal waters:Correction method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitationemission matrices[J]. Marine Chemistry,2004,89(1-4):15-36.
[23] Wang Z G,Cao J,Meng F G. Interactions between protein-like and humic-like components in dissolved organic matter revealed by fluorescence quenching[J]. Water Research,2015,68:404-413.
[24] Zhao Y,Song K S,Wen Z D,et al. Evaluation of CDOM sources and their links with water quality in the lakes of Northeast China using fluorescence spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2017,550:80-91.
[25] Dainard P G,Guéguen C. Distribution of PARAFAC modeled CDOM components in the North Pacific Ocean,Bering,Chukchi and Beaufort Seas[J]. Marine Chemistry,2013,157:216-223.
[26] Stedmon C A,Markager S,Bro R. Tracing dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments using a new approach to fluorescence spectroscopy[J]. Marine Chemistry,2003,82(3-4):239-254.
[27] Stedmon C A,Bro R. Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis:A tutorial[J].Limnology and Oceanography:Methods,2008,6(11):572-579.
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