降雨对香溪河库湾主要藻种原位生长的影响
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摘要
为明晰蓄水期降雨对三峡库区香溪河支流主要藻种原位生长的影响因素,本文在三峡水库降雨前后采用原位培养装置(培养笼)对铜绿微囊藻、小球藻和栅藻生物量变化特征进行原位培养实验.结果表明:①研究期间(2017年10月4～18日)降雨期与非降雨期水动力条件存在显著性差异(ANOVA,P <0. 05),降雨期间3种主要藻种Chl-a总量、比生长速率均显著小于非降雨期(ANOVA,P <0. 05),表明降雨对藻类生长起一定的抑制作用;相关分析结果指出,表征垂向掺混的4个水动力参数与3种藻种比生长速率呈显著/极显著负相关关系,表明水动力条件中剪切力τ、垂向紊流黏性系数Vr和垂向紊流扩散系数Vt的改变是导致藻类迅速衰亡的关键因素;②降雨前培养装置内混合层深度较低(1～2 m),降雨后(10月10～18日)混合层深度明显上升(大于5 m),同时降雨期叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度显著低于非降雨期(ANOVA,P <0. 05).相关分析结果表明,光混比与3种藻种的比生长速率呈显著/极显著正相关,表明降雨导致水体垂向扰动增强,混合层不断扩大,打破了水体原有的水温分层从而抑制藻类的生长增殖;③降雨量、水温、光照强度、总氮(TN)和溶解性总氮(DTN)在降雨期与非降雨期均存在显著差异(ANOVA,P <0. 05),相关分析表明,降雨带来降雨量、水温、光照强度、总氮(TN)和溶解性总氮(DTN)改变是影响3种主要藻种比生长速率的关键环境参数.
To understand the influence of rainfall on the in situ growth( in a culture cage) of dominant algae species in the Xiangxi River tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir,culture experiments were carried out to measure the biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa,Chlorella vulgaris,and Chlorella aeruginosa before and after rainfall. The results showed that ① during the study period( October 4-18,2017),there were significant differences in hydrodynamic conditions between the rainfall period and the non-rainfall period( ANOVA,P < 0. 05). Total Chl-a and the specific growth rate of the three main algae during rainfall period were significantly lower than during the non-rainfall period,which inhibited algae growth to some extent. The results of correlation analysis showed that the four hydrodynamic parameters characterizing vertical mixing had a highly significant negative correlation with the specific growth rate of the three dominant algae species. Meanwhile,the changes of shear force τ,the vertical turbulent viscosity coefficient Vr,and the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient Vtwere the key factors leading to the rapid decline of algae; ② the depth of the mixed layer was lower( 1-2 m) before rainfall,but increased( > 5 m) markedly after rainfall( October 10-18). At the same time,the concentration of Chla during the rainfall period was significantly lower than that during the non-rainfall period. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between the ratio of eutrophic depth to mixing depth( Zeu/Zmix) and the specific growth rate of the three dominant algae species. This indicated that the vertical disturbance of water was enhanced by rainfall,and mixing layer expanded continuously,which reduced the water temperature stratification and thus inhibited the growth and proliferation of algae; ③ there were significant differences in rainfall,water temperature,light intensity,total nitrogen,and dissolved total nitrogen between the rainfall period and non-rainfall period( ANOVA,P < 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that changes in rainfall,water temperature,light intensity,total nitrogen,and dissolved total nitrogen caused by rainfall were the key environmental parameters affecting the in situ growth rate of three dominant algae.
To understand the influence of rainfall on the in situ growth( in a culture cage) of dominant algae species in the Xiangxi River tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir,culture experiments were carried out to measure the biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa,Chlorella vulgaris,and Chlorella aeruginosa before and after rainfall. The results showed that ① during the study period( October 4-18,2017),there were significant differences in hydrodynamic conditions between the rainfall period and the non-rainfall period( ANOVA,P < 0. 05). Total Chl-a and the specific growth rate of the three main algae during rainfall period were significantly lower than during the non-rainfall period,which inhibited algae growth to some extent. The results of correlation analysis showed that the four hydrodynamic parameters characterizing vertical mixing had a highly significant negative correlation with the specific growth rate of the three dominant algae species. Meanwhile,the changes of shear force τ,the vertical turbulent viscosity coefficient Vr,and the vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient Vtwere the key factors leading to the rapid decline of algae; ② the depth of the mixed layer was lower( 1-2 m) before rainfall,but increased( > 5 m) markedly after rainfall( October 10-18). At the same time,the concentration of Chla during the rainfall period was significantly lower than that during the non-rainfall period. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between the ratio of eutrophic depth to mixing depth( Zeu/Zmix) and the specific growth rate of the three dominant algae species. This indicated that the vertical disturbance of water was enhanced by rainfall,and mixing layer expanded continuously,which reduced the water temperature stratification and thus inhibited the growth and proliferation of algae; ③ there were significant differences in rainfall,water temperature,light intensity,total nitrogen,and dissolved total nitrogen between the rainfall period and non-rainfall period( ANOVA,P < 0. 05). Correlation analysis showed that changes in rainfall,water temperature,light intensity,total nitrogen,and dissolved total nitrogen caused by rainfall were the key environmental parameters affecting the in situ growth rate of three dominant algae.
引文
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[2] Karp-Boss L,Boss E,Jumars P A. Nutrient fluxes to planktonic osmotrophs in the presence of fluid motion[J]. Oceanography and Marine Biology,1996,34:71-107.
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[5]黄宁秋.水动力条件对三峡库区次级支流典型藻类生长影响[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.Huang N Q. Effects of hydrodynamic condition on the growth of algae at secondary tributary in the Three Gorges Reservoir[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.
[6] Hondzo M,Lyn D. Quantified small-scale turbulence inhibits the growth of a green alga[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41(1):51-61.
[7] Warnaars T A,Hondzo M. Small-scale fluid motion mediates growth and nutrient uptake of Selenastrum capricornutum[J].Freshwater Biology,2006,51(6):999-1015.
[8] Berger S A,Diehl S,Stibor H,et al. Water temperature and mixing depth affect timing and magnitude of events during spring succession of the plankton[J]. Oecologia,2007,150(4):643-654.
[9]刘心愿,宋林旭,纪道斌,等.降雨对蓝藻水华消退影响及其机制分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(2):774-782.Liu X Y,Song L X,Ji D B,et al. Effect of the rainfall on extinction of cyanobacteria bloom and its mechanism analysis[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(2):774-782.
[10]崔玉洁.三峡水库香溪河藻类生长敏感生态动力学过程及其模拟[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.Cui Y J. The sensitive ecological dynamic processes and their simulations of algal growth of Xiangxi Bay in the Three Gorges Reservoir[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University,2017.
[11]李锦秀,杜斌,孙以三.水动力条件对富营养化影响规律探讨[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(5):15-18.Li J X, Du B, Sun Y S. Effect of hydrodynamics on the eutrophication[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2005,36(5):15-18.
[12]曹巧丽,黄钰玲,陈明曦.水动力条件下蓝藻水华生消的模拟实验研究与探讨[J].人民珠江,2008,(4):8-10,13.Cao Q L,Huang Y L,Chen M X. Experimental research on hydro-dynamic simulation of cyanobateria bloom outbreak and extinction[J]. Pearl River,2008,(4):8-10,13.
[13]徐耀阳.浅述湖泊生态系统营养状态二维坐标评价方法[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(17):53-54.Xu Y Y. A brief introduction of a two-dimensional graphical approach for assessing lake ecosystems[J]. Auhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,17(17):53-54.
[14]郑丙辉,张佳磊,王丽婧,等.大宁河水华敏感期浮游植物与环境因子关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(3):641-648.Zheng B H, Zhang J L, Wang L J, et al. Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton and related environmental factors in the Daning river during sensitive period of algal blooms[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(3):641-648.
[15]马骏,刘德富,纪道斌,等.三峡水库支流库湾低流速条件下测流方法探讨及应用[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(6):30-34,54.Ma J,Liu D F,Ji D B,et al. Flow measurement methods under low flow velocity at the tributary bays of three gorges reservoir[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2011,28(6):30-34,54.
[16]纪道斌,李媛,孔松,等.典型暴雨洪水对三峡水库香溪河库湾水华的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(6):39-44.Ji D B,Li Y,Kong S,et al. The influence of a typical storm flood on the water bloom in the Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013,(6):39-44.
[17]高圻烽,何国建,方红卫,等.三峡库区支流中水体的垂向掺混对于藻类生长的影响[J].水利学报,2017,48(1):96-103.Gao Q F,He G J,Fang H W,et al. Effects of vertical mixing on algal growth in the tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(1):96-103.
[18]李哲,谢丹,郭劲松,等.三峡水库澎溪河典型优势藻原位生长速率的初步研究[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(5):746-754.Li Z,Xie D,Guo J S,et al. Preliminary study on in situ growth rate of dominant algae species in Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24(5):746-754.
[19]冯婧,李哲,闫彬,等.三峡水库不同运行阶段澎溪河典型优势藻原位生长速率[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(2):235-242.Feng J,Li Z,Yan B,et al. In situ growth rate of dominant algae species in Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(2):235-242.
[20]杨毓,卢金锁,张颖.深水型水库藻形态功能组(MBFG)的季节演替特征[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):121-128.Yang Y,Lu J S,Zhang Y. Seasonal succession characteristics of the morphologically-based functional groups(MBFG)in deepwater reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(1):121-128.
[21] Butler E I. A manual of chemical and biological methods for sea water analysis:by Timothy Parsons,Yoshiaki Maita and Carol M. Lalli, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984, 184 pp.,USMYM8. 95/19. 50,￡5. 50/￡12. 25[J]. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers,1984,31(12):1523.
[22] Littler M M,Littler D S. Handbook of phycological methods[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[23]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[24] Schmitt F G. About Boussinesq's turbulent viscosity hypothesis:historical remarks and a direct evaluation of its validity[J].Comptes Rendus Mécanique,2007,335(9-10):617-627.
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