改性蒙脱石修复镉污染对水稻根际土壤酶活性的影响
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摘要
为探讨钝化修复重金属Cd污染土壤中改性蒙脱石的使用对水稻根际与非根际土壤Cd活性、酶活性等的影响,采用盆栽试验通过袋式根际箱装置种植水稻,并对土壤施加巯基-蒙脱石复合材料、蒙脱复合调理剂材料及巯基复合材料。结果表明:3种材料以0.5%的量施入后,糙米Cd浓度分别降低43.6%、25.9%和36.0%;Cd有效态浓度在根际土壤中分别降低55.3%、12.0%和35.2%,在非根际土壤中分别降低54.9%、9.76%和35.4%。蒙脱复合调理剂材料能提高土壤中过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性,巯基复合材料能提高土壤中脲酶活性,巯基-蒙脱石复合材料能提高非根际土壤中蔗糖酶活性。施加修复材料后,水稻根际土壤磷酸酶活性显著高于非根际土壤。研究表明,这3种改性蒙脱石钝化材料降低了Cd在根际土壤中的活性,有效地固定了土壤中的Cd,降低了水稻对镉的吸收,同时提高了土壤酶的活性,改善了Cd污染的水稻根际土壤环境质量。
In order to clarify the effect of functionalized montmorillonite on the activity of Cd and rhizospheric enzyme activities in Cd contaminated paddy soil, pot experiments were conducted in the rhizosphere of rice with different application amounts of thiol-functionalized montmorillonite, montmorillonite complex conditioner and thiol-functionalized mixed material. Results showed that:when the addition dose of the functionalized montmorillonite respectively at 0.5%, comparing with the control, the cadmium content of the brown rice reduced43.6%, 25.9%, 36.0%, the available cadmium content in the rhizosphere of rice reduced 55.3%, 12.0%, 35.2%, and the available cadmium content in the non-rhizosphere soil reduced 54.9%, 9.76%, 35.4%, respectively. The treatment of montmorillonite complex conditioner increased soil catalase and urease, the treatment of thiol-functionalized mixed material increased soil urease, and the treatment of thiol-functionalized montmorillonite increased soil sucrose. After Cd contaminated soil being added functionalized montmorillonite, the activity of phosphatase in rhizosphere of rice was significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil. Hence, these materials reduced the activity of Cd in the soil and inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Cd by rice. At the same time, the activities of soil enzyme was increased. Accordingly, the soil environmental quality of Cd polluted rice rhizosphere was improved.
In order to clarify the effect of functionalized montmorillonite on the activity of Cd and rhizospheric enzyme activities in Cd contaminated paddy soil, pot experiments were conducted in the rhizosphere of rice with different application amounts of thiol-functionalized montmorillonite, montmorillonite complex conditioner and thiol-functionalized mixed material. Results showed that:when the addition dose of the functionalized montmorillonite respectively at 0.5%, comparing with the control, the cadmium content of the brown rice reduced43.6%, 25.9%, 36.0%, the available cadmium content in the rhizosphere of rice reduced 55.3%, 12.0%, 35.2%, and the available cadmium content in the non-rhizosphere soil reduced 54.9%, 9.76%, 35.4%, respectively. The treatment of montmorillonite complex conditioner increased soil catalase and urease, the treatment of thiol-functionalized mixed material increased soil urease, and the treatment of thiol-functionalized montmorillonite increased soil sucrose. After Cd contaminated soil being added functionalized montmorillonite, the activity of phosphatase in rhizosphere of rice was significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil. Hence, these materials reduced the activity of Cd in the soil and inhibited the uptake and accumulation of Cd by rice. At the same time, the activities of soil enzyme was increased. Accordingly, the soil environmental quality of Cd polluted rice rhizosphere was improved.
引文
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[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-340.GUAN Song-yin.Soil enzyme and its research methods[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986:274-340.
[16]杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等.紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):207-210.YANG Lan-fang,ZENG Qiao,LI Hai-bo,et al.Measurement of catalase activity in soil by ultraviolet spectrophotometry[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):207-210.
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[18]朱凰榕,陈亚刚,李媛媛,等.改性膨润土钝化土壤Cd对不同水稻品种安全生产研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):96-99.ZHU Huang-rong,CHEN Ya-gang,LI Yuan-yuan,et al.Study on thiol-functionalized bentonite for reducing cadmium uptake by rice in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(16):96-99.
[19]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,等.不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):211-215.LI Jiang-xia,GUAN Qiang,HUANG Fu-sen,et al.Impacts of different amendments of availability of heavy metals and soil enzyme activity in mining area soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(6):211-215.
[20]尚艺婕,张秀,王海波,等.秸秆生物质炭对镉污染水稻土根际酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1532-1540.SHANG Yi-jie,ZHANG Xiu,WANG Hai-bo,et al.Effects of straw biochar on rhizospheric enzyme activities in Cd contaminated paddy soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1532-1540.
[21]黎秋君.铅锌复合污染土壤的钝化修复与土壤酶活性研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.LI Qiu-jun.Study on immobilization remediation and soil enzyme activities of lead-zinc mine tailings[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2015.
[22]方雅瑜,邹慧玲,尹晓辉,等.赤泥和有机肥对镉、铅在水稻中吸收分布的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):466-476.FANG Ya-yu,ZOU Hui-ling,YIN Xiao-hui,et al.Effects of redmud and organic fertilizer on cadmium and lead absorption and distribution in rice[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2016,33(5):466-476.
[23]高秀丽,邢维芹,冉永亮,等.重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):331-336.GAO Xiu-li,XING Wei-qin,RAN Yong-liang,et al.Effects of accumulation of heavy metals in soils on enzyme activities[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):331-336.
[24]刘姣,曹靖,南忠仁,等.白银市郊区重金属复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(5):38-42.LIU Jiao,CAO Jing,NAN Zhong-ren,et al.Impact of heavy metal combined pollution on soil enzyme activity in Baiyin region,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2010,46(5):38-42.
[2]Chaney R L,Reeves P G,Ryan J A,et al.An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks[J].Biometals,2004,17:549-553.
[3]Li Z W,Li L Q,Pan G X,et al.Bioavailability of Cd in a soil-rice system in China:Soil type versus genotype effects[J].Plant and Soil,2005,271:165-173.
[4]龚伟群,李恋卿,潘根兴.杂交水稻对Cd的吸收与籽粒积累:土壤和品种的交互影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(8):1647-1653.GONG Wei-qun,LI Lian-qing,PAN Gen-xing.Cd uptake and accumulation in grains by hybrid rice in two paddy soils:Interactive effect of soil type and cultivars[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(8):1647-1653.
[5]袁兴超,李博,朱仁凤,等.不同钝化剂对铅锌矿区周边农田镉铅污染钝化修复研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(4):807-817.YUAN Xing-chao,LI Bo,ZHU Ren-feng,et al.Immobilization of Cd and Pb using different amendments of cultivated soils around lead-zinc mines[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2019,38(4):807-817.
[6]Madrid F,Diaz-Barrientos E,Florido M C.Inorganic amendments to decrease metal availability in soils of recreational urban areas:Limitations to their efficiency and possible drawbacks[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2008,192:117-125.
[7]Yuan P,Fan M D,Yang D,et al.Montmorillonite-supported magnetite nanoparticles for the removal of hexavalent chromium[Cr(Ⅵ)]from aqueous solutions[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166:821-829.
[8]蒋婷婷.不同改性蒙脱土的制备及其对土壤中重金属的稳定化作用研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2016.JIANG Ting-ting.Synthesis of differently modified montmoiillonites and application in stabilization of soil heavy metals[D].Shanghai:East China University of Science and Technology,2016.
[9]刘慧.巯基化蒙脱石的制备及其对镉的吸附/解吸机理研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.LIU Hui.Preparation of thiol-modified montmorillonite and mechanism study of cadmium(Ⅱ)adsorption/desorption[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013.
[10]Zornoza R,Guerrero C,Mataix-Solera J,et al.Assessing air-drying and rewetting pretreatment effect on some soil enzyme activities under Mediterranean conditions[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38:2125-2134.
[11]Trasar-Cepeda C,Leir S M C,Seoand S,et al.Limitations of soil enzymes as indicators of soil pollution[J].Soil Biol and Biochem,2000,32:1867-1875.
[12]刘文华,冯超,赵秋香,等.一种治理土壤重金属污染的巯基-蒙脱石复合体材料及其制备方法:201210139593.0[P].2014-12-03.LIU Wen-hua,FENG Chao,ZHAO Qiu-xiang,et al.A thiol-montmorillonite composite material for controlling soil heavy metal pollution and its preparation method:201210139593.0[P].2014-12-03.
[13]生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准GB 15618-2018[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2018.Ministry of Ecology and Environment,State Administration for Market Regulation.Soil environmental quality:Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land GB 15618-2018[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2018.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shi-dan.Analysis of agrochemical soil[M].Third Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.2000.
[15]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:274-340.GUAN Song-yin.Soil enzyme and its research methods[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1986:274-340.
[16]杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等.紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):207-210.YANG Lan-fang,ZENG Qiao,LI Hai-bo,et al.Measurement of catalase activity in soil by ultraviolet spectrophotometry[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):207-210.
[17]曾燕君,周志军,赵秋香.蒙脱石-OR-SH复合体材料对土壤镉的钝化及机制[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):2314-2319.ZENG Yan-jun,ZHOU Zhi-jun,ZHAO Qiu-xiang.Mechanism study of the smectite-OR-SH compound for reducing cadmium uptake by plants in contaminated soils[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(6):2314-2319.
[18]朱凰榕,陈亚刚,李媛媛,等.改性膨润土钝化土壤Cd对不同水稻品种安全生产研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(16):96-99.ZHU Huang-rong,CHEN Ya-gang,LI Yuan-yuan,et al.Study on thiol-functionalized bentonite for reducing cadmium uptake by rice in contaminated soils[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(16):96-99.
[19]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,等.不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):211-215.LI Jiang-xia,GUAN Qiang,HUANG Fu-sen,et al.Impacts of different amendments of availability of heavy metals and soil enzyme activity in mining area soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(6):211-215.
[20]尚艺婕,张秀,王海波,等.秸秆生物质炭对镉污染水稻土根际酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(8):1532-1540.SHANG Yi-jie,ZHANG Xiu,WANG Hai-bo,et al.Effects of straw biochar on rhizospheric enzyme activities in Cd contaminated paddy soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(8):1532-1540.
[21]黎秋君.铅锌复合污染土壤的钝化修复与土壤酶活性研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.LI Qiu-jun.Study on immobilization remediation and soil enzyme activities of lead-zinc mine tailings[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2015.
[22]方雅瑜,邹慧玲,尹晓辉,等.赤泥和有机肥对镉、铅在水稻中吸收分布的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):466-476.FANG Ya-yu,ZOU Hui-ling,YIN Xiao-hui,et al.Effects of redmud and organic fertilizer on cadmium and lead absorption and distribution in rice[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2016,33(5):466-476.
[23]高秀丽,邢维芹,冉永亮,等.重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2012,7(3):331-336.GAO Xiu-li,XING Wei-qin,RAN Yong-liang,et al.Effects of accumulation of heavy metals in soils on enzyme activities[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(3):331-336.
[24]刘姣,曹靖,南忠仁,等.白银市郊区重金属复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(5):38-42.LIU Jiao,CAO Jing,NAN Zhong-ren,et al.Impact of heavy metal combined pollution on soil enzyme activity in Baiyin region,Gansu Province[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2010,46(5):38-42.
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