给水厂残泥免烧陶粒对Pb与Cd的吸附特征
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摘要
针对高效低廉的吸附材料——WTR(water treatment residuals,给水厂残泥)因颗粒细小在水处理工艺中难以应用的问题,利用免烧法制备出WTR陶粒,研究其对Pb和Cd的吸附特征.批量吸附试验结果表明,准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型能较好地描述WTR免烧陶粒对Pb和Cd的吸附动力学(R~2>0. 995 8)与等温吸附过程(R~2>0. 994 8).在溶液pH为5、恒温25℃、振荡24 h下,Langmuir等温吸附模型计算得到的WTR免烧陶粒对Pb和Cd的最大吸附容量分别为13. 97和18. 60 mg/g.单因素条件试验结果表明,WTR免烧陶粒对Pb和Cd的吸附量均随溶液初始pH的升高而增加,当pH由3升至9时,WTR免烧陶粒对Pb和Cd的吸附量分别增加了1. 44和0. 95倍;离子强度的增加不利于WTR免烧陶粒对Pb和Cd的吸附.批量等温解吸试验结果表明,在pH为4～8的溶液中,Pb和Cd较难从WTR免烧陶粒中解吸出来,解吸率均在3. 5%以内;当溶液pH为3时,Pb和Cd的解吸率分别高达65. 88%和45. 01%. BCR分级提取结果表明,Pb和Cd均主要以酸提取态形式(占比在68. 18%以上)存在于WTR免烧陶粒中;同时,随着初始吸附量的增加,酸提取态比例显著减少,而还原态和残渣态比例显著增加.研究显示,WTR免烧陶粒对Pb和Cd具有较强的吸附能力,可作为一种高效的重金属吸附材料应用于水处理工艺中.
Reusing drinking water treatment residuals (WTR) as an efficient adsorbing material in wastewater treatment encountered many problems due to the fine particles of WTR. In order to solve the WTR application problems,WTR ceramsite was prepared by non-burning method,and the adsorption characteristics of Pb and Cd by WTR unburned ceramsite were investigated in this study. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that the kinetics and isothermal processes of Pb/Cd adsorption to WTR unburned ceramsite were well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R~2> 0. 9958) and the Langmuir model (R~2> 0. 9948),respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities under laboratory conditions (solution pH = 5,constant temperature 25 ℃,vibrating time 24 h) estimated by the Langmuir model was 13. 97 mg/g for Pb and 18. 60 mg/g for Cd. The results of the single-factor experiments exhibited that the adsorption quantities of Pb and Cd on WTR unburned ceramsite increased with the increasing initial solution pH. Specifically,as the pH raised from3 to 9,the adsorption quantities of Pb and Cd increased by 1. 44 and 0. 95 times,respectively. The increase of solution ionic strength is not favourable for Pb and Cd by WTR unburned ceramsite. Results of the isothermal desorption experiment demonstrated that the desorption of Pb and Cd by WTR unburned ceramsite was lower than 3. 5% in the initial solution pH range of 4-8; and the desorption rate of Pb and Cd reached up to 65. 88% and 45. 01%,respectively,at the acidic solution condition with pH of 3. BCR fractional extraction indicated that Pb and Cd were mainly present in the acid-soluble form accounting for more than 68. 18% of the total Pb and Cd. Moreover,as the adsorption increased,the proportion of the acid-soluble form significantly decreased,and instead the proportion of residual form increased. From the above results,it can be concluded that WTR unburned ceramsite has strong adsorption capacity for both Pb and Cd,and it can be used as a highly efficient heavy metal adsorption material in wastewater treatment.
Reusing drinking water treatment residuals (WTR) as an efficient adsorbing material in wastewater treatment encountered many problems due to the fine particles of WTR. In order to solve the WTR application problems,WTR ceramsite was prepared by non-burning method,and the adsorption characteristics of Pb and Cd by WTR unburned ceramsite were investigated in this study. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that the kinetics and isothermal processes of Pb/Cd adsorption to WTR unburned ceramsite were well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R~2> 0. 9958) and the Langmuir model (R~2> 0. 9948),respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities under laboratory conditions (solution pH = 5,constant temperature 25 ℃,vibrating time 24 h) estimated by the Langmuir model was 13. 97 mg/g for Pb and 18. 60 mg/g for Cd. The results of the single-factor experiments exhibited that the adsorption quantities of Pb and Cd on WTR unburned ceramsite increased with the increasing initial solution pH. Specifically,as the pH raised from3 to 9,the adsorption quantities of Pb and Cd increased by 1. 44 and 0. 95 times,respectively. The increase of solution ionic strength is not favourable for Pb and Cd by WTR unburned ceramsite. Results of the isothermal desorption experiment demonstrated that the desorption of Pb and Cd by WTR unburned ceramsite was lower than 3. 5% in the initial solution pH range of 4-8; and the desorption rate of Pb and Cd reached up to 65. 88% and 45. 01%,respectively,at the acidic solution condition with pH of 3. BCR fractional extraction indicated that Pb and Cd were mainly present in the acid-soluble form accounting for more than 68. 18% of the total Pb and Cd. Moreover,as the adsorption increased,the proportion of the acid-soluble form significantly decreased,and instead the proportion of residual form increased. From the above results,it can be concluded that WTR unburned ceramsite has strong adsorption capacity for both Pb and Cd,and it can be used as a highly efficient heavy metal adsorption material in wastewater treatment.
引文
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[6]焦健,裴元生.给水厂废弃铁铝泥对镉的吸附特征及影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(3):842-849.JIAO Jian,PEI Yuansheng.Characteristics and influence factors for cadmium adsorption by ferric and alum residuals from drinking water treatment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(3):842-849.
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[8]ZHAO Xiaohong,LUO Huilong,TAO Tao,et al.Immobilization of arsenic in aqueous solution by waterworks alum sludge:prospects in China[J].International Journal of Environmental Studies,2015,72(6):989-1001.
[9]BAI Leilei,WANG Changhui,HUANG Caihong,et al.Reuse of drinking water treatment residuals as a substrate in constructed wetlands for sewage tertiary treatment[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,70(3):295-303.
[10]TIE Jingxi,CHEN Dong,WAN Yunjie,et al.Adsorption removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution by heat-activated alum sludge[J].Asian Journal of Chemistry,2013,25(16):9129-9134.
[11]WU Haiming,FAN Jinlin,ZHANG Jian,et al.Intensified organics and nitrogen removal in the intermittent-aerated constructed wetland using a novel sludge-ceramsite as substrate[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,210:101-107.
[12]JING Qingxiu,WANG Yunyan,CHAI Liyuan,et al.Adsorption of copper ions on porous ceramsite prepared by diatomite and tungsten residue[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28(5):1053-1060.
[13]任新.净水厂工艺废水中污泥制备吸附剂及对水中Cr(6+)的吸附特性[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
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[15]WANG Jinlong,ZHAO Yuanling,ZHANG Pingping,et al.Adsorption characteristics of a novel ceramsite for heavy metal removal from stormwater runoff[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2018,26(1):96-103.
[16]LI L,HU C,DAI X,et al.The performance of a biological aerated filter loaded with a novel non-sintered fly-ash ceramsite as pretreatment for dual membrane processes[J].Environmental Technology,2015,36(16):2024-2034.
[17]GONG Cheng,LI Qionghui,SU Zhan,et al.Preparation,optimization,and application of sustainable ceramsite substrate from coal fly ashwaterworks sludgeoyster shell for phosphorus immobilization in constructed wetlands[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,175:572-581.
[18]李杰,潘兰佳,余广炜,等.污泥生物炭制备吸附陶粒[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3970-3978.LI Jie,PAN Lanjia,YU Guangwei,et al.Preparation of adsorption ceramsite derived from sludge biochar[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3970-3978.
[19]周颜,贾瑞,周兰,等.疏浚底泥免烧陶粒的制备及其净水效果[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):2804-2811.ZHOU Yan,JIA Rui,ZHOU Lan,et al.Preparation of dredged sediment unburned ceramsite and its water purification effect[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(5):2804-2811.
[20]SIMONIN J P.On the comparison of pseudo-first order and pseudosecond order rate laws in the modeling of adsorption kinetics[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016(300):254-263.
[21]WEBER W,MORRIS J.Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution[J].Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division,American Society of Civil Engineers,1963,89(17):31-60.
[22]LIU Yu.Some consideration on the Langmuir isotherm equation[J].Colloids&Surfaces A:Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects,2006,274(1):34-36.
[23]MESQUITA M E,SILVA J M V E.Preliminary study of pH effect in the application of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to Cu-Zn competitive adsorption[J].Geoderma,2002,106(34):219-234.
[24]张朝阳,彭平安,宋建中,等.改进BCR法分析国家土壤标准物质中重金属化学形态[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(11):1881-1884.ZHANG Chaoyang,PENG Ping'an,SONG Jianzhong,et al.Utilization of modified BCR procedure for the chemical speciation of heavy metals in Chinese soil reference material[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(11):1881-1884.
[25]WU F C,TSENG R L,JUANG R S.Initial behavior of intraparticle diffusion model used in the description of adsorption kinetics[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,153(1):1-8.
[26]常春,刘天琪,廉菲,等.不同热解条件下制备的秸秆炭对铜离子的吸附动力学[J].环境化学,2016,35(5):1042-1049.CHANG Chun,LIU Tianqi,LIAN Fei,et al.Adsorption kinetics of copper ion on straw biochars prepared under different pyrolysis condition[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(5):1042-1049.
[27]BUCHTER B,DAVIDOFF B,AMACHER M C,et al.Correlation of Freundlich Kdand retention parameters with soils and elements[J].Soil Science,1989,148(5):370-379.
[28]王伟卓.钢渣给水污泥陶粒-PRB材料修复铜、铅污染研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[29]王芳,罗琳,易建龙,等.赤泥质陶粒吸附模拟酸性废水中铜离子的行为[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2440-2446.WANG Fang,LUO Lin,YI Jianlong,et al.Adsorption behavior of red mub ceramsite to Cu2+from simulated acidic wastewater[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2440-2446.
[30]陈菊.粉煤灰沸石球的制备及其对镉(Ⅱ)离子的吸附研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2010.
[31]QUEVAUVILLER P,RAURET G,GRIEPEVIL B.Single and sequential extraction in sediments and soils[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,1993,51(1234):231-235.
[32]张锦峰.海洋酸化与海岸带生源要素和微量元素归趋及形态的相互作用研究[D].烟台:中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,2016.
[33]李江山,薛强,王平,等.市政污泥生物碳对重金属的吸附特性[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(11):1246-1251.LI Jiangshan,XUE Qiang,WANG Ping,et al.Adsorption properties of municipal sludge biochar for soluble heavy metals[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(11):1246-1251.
[34]成杰民,王汉卫,周东美.Cu2+和Cd2+在改性纳米黑碳表面上的吸附-解吸[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(12):1409-1415.CHENG Jiemin,WANG Hanwei,ZHOU Dongmei.Adsorptiondesorption of Cu2+and Cd2+on the surface of modified nano-scale black carbon[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(12):1409-1415.
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