沉水植物矮慈姑对重污染底泥的耐受及其中主要污染物的去除
|
摘要
矮慈姑(Sagittaria pygmaea Miq)是常见的稻田杂草类沉水植物,但在水污染防治中较少被研究应用.本研究利用典型黑臭河道中厌氧还原态的底泥模拟构建污染水体,考察矮慈姑在其中的生长情况和主要污染物的变化.结果表明,矮慈姑及其根系对底泥具有非常强的耐受性,经过180 d的生长,其植株数量扩增了20倍以上,生物量(干重)达到(411.09±136.19)g·m~(-2),不但地上部分形成了对底泥密集覆盖的沉水植被层,而且地下部分在底泥中也形成了发达的根系.对矮慈姑根与茎叶生物量进行对比分析发现,矮慈姑的根冠比高达0.66±0.36,远高于其它沉水植物,表明矮慈姑的根可以抵御底泥中还原态物质的胁迫作用,从而发育出较庞大的根系.矮慈姑生长使得底泥中还原性物质浓度大幅下降,相较初始底泥,矮慈姑根系到达的底泥区域中典型还原物质亚铁(Fe(Ⅱ))和酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)分别下降了92.6%和96.3%.此外,矮慈姑生长也较好地阻控了底泥中氮、磷向上覆水释放,使得上覆水氮、磷维持在较低的浓度范围.上述研究结果首次发现,矮慈姑能够很好地耐受重污染水体中厌氧还原态的底泥并可对其中的主要污染物进行去除,在黑臭河道等重污染水体的生态修复中具有很大的应用潜力,可以作为沉水植被修复的先锋种,是值得进一步开发的野生水生植物资源.
Sagittaria pygmaea Miq is a common macrophyte submerged in paddy fields, yet it has been seldomly studied or applied in water pollution control. This study investigated the growth of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq along with the change of major pollutants in a simulative polluted water body, which was constructed using the anaerobic sediments obtained from atypical black and odorous river. Results showed that Sagittaria pygmaea Miq, especially its root system, has strong tolerance to contaminated sediments. After 180 days of growth, the plant number has increased over 20 times and the biomass(dry weight) has reached(411.09 ±136.19) g·m~(-2).A dense submerged vegetation layer has formed above-ground covering the sediments, and a developed root system was found in the sediments below ground. A comparative analysis on the biomass of root and leave for Sagittaria pygmaea Miq revealed that the root to shoot ratio has reached 0.66±0.36, which was far greater than that of other submerged plants. It indicated the capability of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq to resist the stress from reducing substances in sediments and to develop huge root systems under such circumstances. The growth of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq could significantly reduce the concentrations of reducing substances in sediments. For instance, compared with the initial state, typical reducing substances such as Fe(II) and acidic volatile sulfide(AVS) were lowered by 92.6% and 96.3%, respectively, in sediments reachable by the root system. Meanwhile, the growth of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq also controlled the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments to overlaying water, maintaining their concentrations in relatively low range. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that Sagittaria pygmaea Miq could well tolerate the anaerobic sediments in heavily polluted water bodies and remove the major pollutants, possessing great potentials for applications in remediation of ecological systems in black and odorous rivers. Sagittaria pygmaea Miq may be applied as a pioneer species for restoration of submerged vegetation and is a wild aquatic resource worthy of further development.
Sagittaria pygmaea Miq is a common macrophyte submerged in paddy fields, yet it has been seldomly studied or applied in water pollution control. This study investigated the growth of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq along with the change of major pollutants in a simulative polluted water body, which was constructed using the anaerobic sediments obtained from atypical black and odorous river. Results showed that Sagittaria pygmaea Miq, especially its root system, has strong tolerance to contaminated sediments. After 180 days of growth, the plant number has increased over 20 times and the biomass(dry weight) has reached(411.09 ±136.19) g·m~(-2).A dense submerged vegetation layer has formed above-ground covering the sediments, and a developed root system was found in the sediments below ground. A comparative analysis on the biomass of root and leave for Sagittaria pygmaea Miq revealed that the root to shoot ratio has reached 0.66±0.36, which was far greater than that of other submerged plants. It indicated the capability of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq to resist the stress from reducing substances in sediments and to develop huge root systems under such circumstances. The growth of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq could significantly reduce the concentrations of reducing substances in sediments. For instance, compared with the initial state, typical reducing substances such as Fe(II) and acidic volatile sulfide(AVS) were lowered by 92.6% and 96.3%, respectively, in sediments reachable by the root system. Meanwhile, the growth of Sagittaria pygmaea Miq also controlled the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments to overlaying water, maintaining their concentrations in relatively low range. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, that Sagittaria pygmaea Miq could well tolerate the anaerobic sediments in heavily polluted water bodies and remove the major pollutants, possessing great potentials for applications in remediation of ecological systems in black and odorous rivers. Sagittaria pygmaea Miq may be applied as a pioneer species for restoration of submerged vegetation and is a wild aquatic resource worthy of further development.
引文
Armstrong J,Areen Z F,Armstrong W.1996.Phragmites die-back:Sulphide-and acetic acidinduced bud and root death,lignifications,and blockages within aeration and vascular systems[J].New Phytologist,134:601-614
陈家宽.1989.中国慈姑属的系统与进化植物学研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.27-31
陈磊,王凌云,刘树娟,等.2013.硝酸钙对深圳河底泥臭味及生物化学特性的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,45(6):107-113
陈德元,谢贻发,刘正文.2016.生长不同根冠比沉水植物的实验水体对磷输入的响应比较研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,22(5):747-751
符辉,钟家有,袁桂香,等.2015.沉水植物功能性状变异的来源与结构以微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)为例[J].湖泊科学,27(3):429-435
高汾,张毅敏,杨飞,等.2017.水位抬升对4种沉水植物生长及光合特性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,33(4):341-348
黄海彬,闫荣,金昌谷,等.2018.黑臭水体沉积物中耗氧指标的垂向分布特征及其耗氧能力研究[J].环境污染与防治,40(8):927-930
焦立新,王圣瑞,金相灿.2009.穗花狐尾藻对铵态氮的生理响应[J].应用生态学报,20(9):2283-2288
Koch M S,MendelssohnI A,McKee K L.1990.Mechanism for the hydrogen sulfide induced growth limitation in wetland macrophytes[J].Limnology & Oceanography,35:399-408
Reddy K R,Fisher M M,Ivanoff D.1996.Resuspension and diffusive flux of nitrogen and phosphorus in a hypereutrophic lake[J].Journal of Environment Quality,25(2):363-371
林剑华,杨扬,李丽,等.2014.8种湿地植物的生长状况及泌氧能力[J].湖泊科学,27(6):1042-1048
李裕元,李希,吴金水,等.2018.绿狐尾藻区域适应性与生态竞争力研究[J].农业环境科学学报,37(10):2252-2261
刘晓培,张饮江,李岩,等.2012.矮壮素对苦草矮化特征及生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,31(10):2561-2567
刘伟龙,胡维平,谷孝鸿.2007a.太湖马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)生物量变化及影响因素[J].生态学报,27(8):3324-3333
刘伟龙,胡维平,陈桥.2007b.不同底质和透明度下马来眼子菜的表型可塑性研究[J].生态环境,16(2):363-368
卢晓明,宋英伟,黄民生,等.2008.上海城区中小河道沉水植被恢复的瓶颈问题及可行性分析[J].水资源保护,4(4):26-30
Meizer A.1999.Aquatic macrophytes as tools for lake management[J].Hydrobiologia,395(396):181-190
Le-yi N I.2001.Stress of fertile sediment on the growth of submersed macrophytes in eutrophic waters[J].Actahydrobiologica sinica,25(4):399-405
欧媛.2015.典型湿地植物根系泌氧对根际氧化还原环境的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学
秦伯强,朱广伟,张路,等.2005.大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放模式及其估算方法——以太湖为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,35(增刊Ⅱ):33-44
Reddy K R,Patrick J R W H,Lindau C W.1989.Nitrification-denitrification at the plant root-sediment interface in wetlands[J].Limnology and Oceanography,34(6):1004-1013
Sanderson P L,Armstrong W.1980.Phytotoxins in periodically waterlogged forest soil[J].Soil Science Journal,31:643- 653
Schutten J,Dainty J,Davy A J.2005.Root anchorage and its significance for submersed plants in shallow lakes[J].Journal of Ecology,93:556-571
汤仲恩,种云霄,朱文玲,等.2007.几种观赏型沉水植物对富营养化蓝绿藻类的抑制作用[J].生态环境,16(6):1637-1642
吴晓磊.1995.人工湿地废水处理机理[J].环境科学,16(3):83-86
夏步云,杨志海,李建华,等.1995.矮慈姑的田间消长规律和防除途径[J].杂草科学,2:1-3
夏劲,王国祥,王文林,等.2012.慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)根系泌氧特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,28(4):422-426
Xiao J B,Wang H M,Chu S Y,et al.2013.Dynamic remediation test of polluted river water by Eco-tank system[J].Environmental Technology,34(4):553-558
谢贻发,李传红,刘正文,等.2007.基质条件对苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长和形态特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,26(4):1269-1272
谢瑞桃.2017.黑臭河流底泥在绿化种植中的资源化利用研究[D].安徽:安徽工业大学.1-102
许宽,刘波,王国祥,等.2013.苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)对城市缓流河道黑臭底泥理化性质的影响[J].环境科学,34(7):2642-2649
徐恩兵,余平,朱志强.2016.吲哚乙酸和矮壮素对苦草种子萌发和矮化特征的影响[J].安徽农业科学,44(36):41-43,51
杨玉珍,夏未铭,杨瑾,等.2011.水体中叶绿素a测定方法的研究[J].中国环境监测,27(5):24-27
杨娇,王智,厉恩华,等.2015.滇池不同底泥条件下黑藻和金鱼藻的生长生理特征[J].湿地科学,13(4):430-436
杨艳,邓伟明,何佳,等.2018.溶解氧对滇池沉积物氮磷释放特征影响研究[J].环境保护科学,44(5):36-41
袁龙义,李守淳,李伟,等.2007.水深对刺苦草生长和繁殖策略的影响研究[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),31(2):156-160
张丽萍,袁文权,张锡辉.2003.底泥污染物释放动力学研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,4(2):22-26
左进城,赵晓雨,康铭杨,等.2014a.底质掩埋对苦草种子成苗和幼苗存活的影响[J].广东农业科学,22(11):39-43
左进城,李秀玲,张鹏,等.2014b.吲哚乙酸和激动素对苦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,(23):53-56
张萌,曹特,过龙根,等.2010.武汉东湖水生植被重建及水质改善试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,33(6):154-159
张俊,朱伟,操家顺,等.2006.水体底质异质性对沉水植物生长的影响[J].水资源保护,22(4):44-46
张雨,晏再生,吴慧芳,等.2018.沉水植物苦草( Vallisneria natans)对多环芳烃污染沉积物的修复作用[J].湖泊科学,30( 4):1012-1018
祝国荣,张萌,王芳侠,等.2017.从生物力学角度诠释富营养化引发的水生植物衰退机理[J].湖泊科学,29(5):1029-1042
Zhu G R,Cao T,Zhang M,et al.2014.Fertile sediment and ammonium enrichment decrease the growth and biomechanical strength of submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in an experiment[J].Hydrobiologia,727:109-120
陈家宽.1989.中国慈姑属的系统与进化植物学研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.27-31
陈磊,王凌云,刘树娟,等.2013.硝酸钙对深圳河底泥臭味及生物化学特性的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,45(6):107-113
陈德元,谢贻发,刘正文.2016.生长不同根冠比沉水植物的实验水体对磷输入的响应比较研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,22(5):747-751
符辉,钟家有,袁桂香,等.2015.沉水植物功能性状变异的来源与结构以微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)为例[J].湖泊科学,27(3):429-435
高汾,张毅敏,杨飞,等.2017.水位抬升对4种沉水植物生长及光合特性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,33(4):341-348
黄海彬,闫荣,金昌谷,等.2018.黑臭水体沉积物中耗氧指标的垂向分布特征及其耗氧能力研究[J].环境污染与防治,40(8):927-930
焦立新,王圣瑞,金相灿.2009.穗花狐尾藻对铵态氮的生理响应[J].应用生态学报,20(9):2283-2288
Koch M S,MendelssohnI A,McKee K L.1990.Mechanism for the hydrogen sulfide induced growth limitation in wetland macrophytes[J].Limnology & Oceanography,35:399-408
Reddy K R,Fisher M M,Ivanoff D.1996.Resuspension and diffusive flux of nitrogen and phosphorus in a hypereutrophic lake[J].Journal of Environment Quality,25(2):363-371
林剑华,杨扬,李丽,等.2014.8种湿地植物的生长状况及泌氧能力[J].湖泊科学,27(6):1042-1048
李裕元,李希,吴金水,等.2018.绿狐尾藻区域适应性与生态竞争力研究[J].农业环境科学学报,37(10):2252-2261
刘晓培,张饮江,李岩,等.2012.矮壮素对苦草矮化特征及生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,31(10):2561-2567
刘伟龙,胡维平,谷孝鸿.2007a.太湖马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)生物量变化及影响因素[J].生态学报,27(8):3324-3333
刘伟龙,胡维平,陈桥.2007b.不同底质和透明度下马来眼子菜的表型可塑性研究[J].生态环境,16(2):363-368
卢晓明,宋英伟,黄民生,等.2008.上海城区中小河道沉水植被恢复的瓶颈问题及可行性分析[J].水资源保护,4(4):26-30
Meizer A.1999.Aquatic macrophytes as tools for lake management[J].Hydrobiologia,395(396):181-190
Le-yi N I.2001.Stress of fertile sediment on the growth of submersed macrophytes in eutrophic waters[J].Actahydrobiologica sinica,25(4):399-405
欧媛.2015.典型湿地植物根系泌氧对根际氧化还原环境的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学
秦伯强,朱广伟,张路,等.2005.大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放模式及其估算方法——以太湖为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,35(增刊Ⅱ):33-44
Reddy K R,Patrick J R W H,Lindau C W.1989.Nitrification-denitrification at the plant root-sediment interface in wetlands[J].Limnology and Oceanography,34(6):1004-1013
Sanderson P L,Armstrong W.1980.Phytotoxins in periodically waterlogged forest soil[J].Soil Science Journal,31:643- 653
Schutten J,Dainty J,Davy A J.2005.Root anchorage and its significance for submersed plants in shallow lakes[J].Journal of Ecology,93:556-571
汤仲恩,种云霄,朱文玲,等.2007.几种观赏型沉水植物对富营养化蓝绿藻类的抑制作用[J].生态环境,16(6):1637-1642
吴晓磊.1995.人工湿地废水处理机理[J].环境科学,16(3):83-86
夏步云,杨志海,李建华,等.1995.矮慈姑的田间消长规律和防除途径[J].杂草科学,2:1-3
夏劲,王国祥,王文林,等.2012.慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)根系泌氧特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,28(4):422-426
Xiao J B,Wang H M,Chu S Y,et al.2013.Dynamic remediation test of polluted river water by Eco-tank system[J].Environmental Technology,34(4):553-558
谢贻发,李传红,刘正文,等.2007.基质条件对苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长和形态特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,26(4):1269-1272
谢瑞桃.2017.黑臭河流底泥在绿化种植中的资源化利用研究[D].安徽:安徽工业大学.1-102
许宽,刘波,王国祥,等.2013.苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)对城市缓流河道黑臭底泥理化性质的影响[J].环境科学,34(7):2642-2649
徐恩兵,余平,朱志强.2016.吲哚乙酸和矮壮素对苦草种子萌发和矮化特征的影响[J].安徽农业科学,44(36):41-43,51
杨玉珍,夏未铭,杨瑾,等.2011.水体中叶绿素a测定方法的研究[J].中国环境监测,27(5):24-27
杨娇,王智,厉恩华,等.2015.滇池不同底泥条件下黑藻和金鱼藻的生长生理特征[J].湿地科学,13(4):430-436
杨艳,邓伟明,何佳,等.2018.溶解氧对滇池沉积物氮磷释放特征影响研究[J].环境保护科学,44(5):36-41
袁龙义,李守淳,李伟,等.2007.水深对刺苦草生长和繁殖策略的影响研究[J].江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),31(2):156-160
张丽萍,袁文权,张锡辉.2003.底泥污染物释放动力学研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,4(2):22-26
左进城,赵晓雨,康铭杨,等.2014a.底质掩埋对苦草种子成苗和幼苗存活的影响[J].广东农业科学,22(11):39-43
左进城,李秀玲,张鹏,等.2014b.吲哚乙酸和激动素对苦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,(23):53-56
张萌,曹特,过龙根,等.2010.武汉东湖水生植被重建及水质改善试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,33(6):154-159
张俊,朱伟,操家顺,等.2006.水体底质异质性对沉水植物生长的影响[J].水资源保护,22(4):44-46
张雨,晏再生,吴慧芳,等.2018.沉水植物苦草( Vallisneria natans)对多环芳烃污染沉积物的修复作用[J].湖泊科学,30( 4):1012-1018
祝国荣,张萌,王芳侠,等.2017.从生物力学角度诠释富营养化引发的水生植物衰退机理[J].湖泊科学,29(5):1029-1042
Zhu G R,Cao T,Zhang M,et al.2014.Fertile sediment and ammonium enrichment decrease the growth and biomechanical strength of submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in an experiment[J].Hydrobiologia,727:109-120
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |