猪舍NH_3对大气PM_(2.5)浓度影响机理分析
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摘要
农业源PM_(2.5)排放对大气PM_(2.5)和灰霾形成有重要影响。为探索畜禽养殖场PM_(2.5)排放对大气PM_(2.5)浓度和化学成分的作用机理,选择山西省太原市尖草坪区一育肥猪场为研究地点,使用固定式PM_(2.5)在线检测仪和大气PM_(2.5)实时监测仪于2017年7月13日～19日连续测量猪舍内外PM_(2.5)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度,同时记录气温和相对湿度;使用中流量大气PM_(2.5)采样器采集细颗粒样品并用离子色谱仪测量样品中NH_4~+、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-) 含量,结果显示:(1)猪舍外和猪舍内PM_(2.5)24 h平均浓度分别为5. 37±0. 35 mg/m~3和7. 49±0. 37 mg/m~3,它们的小时浓度变化趋势一致,白天PM_(2.5)平均浓度低于夜间;(2)猪舍外和猪舍内大气PM_(2.5)浓度24h平均值分别为93±18μg/m~3和81±6μg/m~3,它们白天的波动范围相似,但夜间猪舍外大气PM_(2.5)浓度显著增大;(3)猪舍内外大气PM_(2.5)中NH_4~+含量与NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-) 以及空气中PM_(2.5)浓度显著相关,表明猪舍内PM_(2.5)对大气PM_(2.5)中二次气溶胶的形成有一定贡献,可以增大养殖场周围大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度。由于猪舍内外PM_(2.5)浓度变化与空气中PM_(2.5)浓度呈相反关系,且PM_(2.5)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度均为夜间大于白天,PM_(2.5)/NH_4~+比值与温湿度也存在较好的相关性,说明光照、气温、相对湿度等对PM_(2.5)转化为二次气溶胶影响很大,养殖场PM_(2.5)排放对大气PM_(2. 5)质量浓度的作用机理仍需深入探索。
NH_3 emissions from agricultural sources make an important impact on the formation of atmospheric PM_(2.5) and haze.Herein,the aim is to investigate the effects of PM_(2.5) emissions from a livestock farm on atmospheric PM_(2.5) concentration and chemical composition and explore the affecting mechanisms. At first,a typical fattening pig farm located in Jiancaoping District,Taiyuan city,China was selected as the study site.Then,the PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5) concentrations both inside and outside the pig house as well as air temperature and relative humidity were continuously measured on July 13 to 19,2017 by using a fixed PM_(2.5) on-line instrument and a real-time PM_(2.5) monitor.And the atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples were collected each day using a medium-flow PM_(2.5) sampler and the contents of NH_4~+,NO_3~-and SO_4~(2-) in them were determined using an ion chromatograph.Results showed that:( 1) The daily mean concentrations of PM_(2.5) outside and inside the pig house were 5. 37±0. 35 mg·m~(-3) and 7. 4± 0. 37 mg·m~(-3),respectively,with the same alteration trend for the hourly levels and with higher concentrations at nighttime than those at daytime;( 2) The daily mean concentrations of atmospheric PM_(2.5) outside and inside the pig house were 93± 18 μg·m~(-3) and 81± 6 μg·m~(-3),respectively,with similar fluctuation range at daytime and with an increase at nighttime;( 3) There was a significant correlation between the levels of NH_4~+and that of NO_3~-and SO_4~(2-) in PM_(2.5) and between NH_4~+and airborne PM_(2.5) in the pig house no matter inside or outside,indicating that the concentration change of ammonium salt in atmospheric PM_(2.5) should be closely related to the levels of PM_(2.5) in the air.Regarding the content of atmospheric PM_(2.5) is opposite to that of PM_(2.5) inside and outside the pig house,the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5) are larger at nighttime than at daytime,and a good relation of the ratio value of PM_(2.5)/NH_4~+with temperature and relative humidity,it is concluded that PM_(2.5) from the pig house contributes a lot to formation of secondary aerosols in PM_(2.5),which is greatly influenced by light,temperature,and relative humidity.It is suggested that the affecting mechanism of PM_(2.5) emissions from livestock farms on mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) in the surrounding atmosphere is needed to further study.
NH_3 emissions from agricultural sources make an important impact on the formation of atmospheric PM_(2.5) and haze.Herein,the aim is to investigate the effects of PM_(2.5) emissions from a livestock farm on atmospheric PM_(2.5) concentration and chemical composition and explore the affecting mechanisms. At first,a typical fattening pig farm located in Jiancaoping District,Taiyuan city,China was selected as the study site.Then,the PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5) concentrations both inside and outside the pig house as well as air temperature and relative humidity were continuously measured on July 13 to 19,2017 by using a fixed PM_(2.5) on-line instrument and a real-time PM_(2.5) monitor.And the atmospheric PM_(2.5) samples were collected each day using a medium-flow PM_(2.5) sampler and the contents of NH_4~+,NO_3~-and SO_4~(2-) in them were determined using an ion chromatograph.Results showed that:( 1) The daily mean concentrations of PM_(2.5) outside and inside the pig house were 5. 37±0. 35 mg·m~(-3) and 7. 4± 0. 37 mg·m~(-3),respectively,with the same alteration trend for the hourly levels and with higher concentrations at nighttime than those at daytime;( 2) The daily mean concentrations of atmospheric PM_(2.5) outside and inside the pig house were 93± 18 μg·m~(-3) and 81± 6 μg·m~(-3),respectively,with similar fluctuation range at daytime and with an increase at nighttime;( 3) There was a significant correlation between the levels of NH_4~+and that of NO_3~-and SO_4~(2-) in PM_(2.5) and between NH_4~+and airborne PM_(2.5) in the pig house no matter inside or outside,indicating that the concentration change of ammonium salt in atmospheric PM_(2.5) should be closely related to the levels of PM_(2.5) in the air.Regarding the content of atmospheric PM_(2.5) is opposite to that of PM_(2.5) inside and outside the pig house,the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5) are larger at nighttime than at daytime,and a good relation of the ratio value of PM_(2.5)/NH_4~+with temperature and relative humidity,it is concluded that PM_(2.5) from the pig house contributes a lot to formation of secondary aerosols in PM_(2.5),which is greatly influenced by light,temperature,and relative humidity.It is suggested that the affecting mechanism of PM_(2.5) emissions from livestock farms on mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) in the surrounding atmosphere is needed to further study.
引文
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[3]ZHANG Q,XUE D,LIU X H,et al.Process analysis of PM2.5pollution events in a coastal city of China using CMAQ[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2019,79(5):225-238.
[4]GENG H,JIN C S,ZHANG D P,et al.Characterization of size-resolved urban haze particles collected in summer and winter at Taiyuan City,China using quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis[J].Atmospheric Research,2017,190:29-42.
[5]LI W T,SHAO L Y,ZHANG D Z,et al.A review of single aerosol particle studies in the atmosphere of East Asia:morphology,mixing state,source,and heterogeneous reactions[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,112:1330-1349.
[6]黄凡,陈楠,周家斌,等.2016-2017年武汉市城区大气PM2.5污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2019,35(1):17-25.
[7]高杰,乔利平,楼晟荣,等.上海城区二次气溶胶的形成:光化学氧化与液相反应对二次气溶胶形成的影响[J].环境科学,2019(6):1-11.
[8]YANG J H,KANG S C,JI Z M,et al.Vital contribution of residential emissions to atmospheric fine particles(PM2.5)during the severe wintertime pollution episodes in Western China[J].Environmental Pollution,2019,245:519-530.
[9]JIANG B F,XIA D H.Role identification of NH3in atmospheric secondary new particle formation in haze occurrence of China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2017,163:107-117.
[10]WANG Y,DONG H M,ZHU Z P,et al.CH4,NH3,N2Oand NO emissions from stored biogas digester effluent of pig manure at different temperatures[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2016,217:1-12.
[11]耿红,高芳,陈霖,等.畜禽源氨气排放因子估算方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):3077-3084.
[12]KIM J Y,SONG C H,GHIM Y S,et al.An investigation on NH3emissions and particulate NH+4-NO-3formation in East Asia[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40:2139-2150.
[13]MA X Y,SHA T,WANG J Y,et al.Investigating impact of emission inventories on PM2.5simulations over North China Plain by WRF-Chem[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,195:125-140.
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