云南星云湖流域种植业面源污染驱动力分析
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摘要
种植业面源污染是湖泊水的主要污染源之一,但是有关种植业面源污染驱动力的研究甚少。为了研究星云湖流域种植业面源污染的驱动力,通过流失系数法计算2005、2010和2015年种植业化肥流失量,由多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)农业人口占总人口的比重、耕地比重、经济作物和果树的播种面积、经济作物与粮食作物的播种面积比、第一产业产值均与化肥流失量呈正相关;粮食作物的播种面积、人均非农收入、环保投资指数均与化肥流失量呈负相关。(2)经济作物和果树的播种面积、经济作物与粮食作物播种面积比与化肥流失量正相关程度最高,均大于0. 9,所以星云湖流域种植业面源污染大小的决定因素是种植结构。建议下一步对星云湖流域种植业结构和空间布局进行优化。
Farming non-point source pollution is one of the main sources of water pollution in lakes. However,little research has been done on the driving force of farming non-point source pollution. In order to study the driving forces of nonpoint source pollution in farming industry in Xingyun Lake Basin,the amount of fertilizer loss from farming industry in2005,2010 and 2015 was calculated by the loss coefficient method,and the influencing factors was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results show that:(1)The proportion of agricultural population in the total population,the proportion of cultivated land,the farming area of economic crops and fruit trees,the ratio of sowing area of economic crops and grain crops,and the output value of the first industry are positively correlated with the amount of chemical fertilizer loss.The sown area of grain crops,non-agricultural income per capita,and environmental protection investment index are all negatively related to the amount of chemical fertilizer loss.(2)The farming area of economic crops and fruit trees,the ratio of sowing area of economic crops to grain crops and the amount of chemical fertilizer loss are the highest,which are all greater than 0. 9. Therefore,the decisive factor of planting non-point source pollution is planting structure in Xingyun Lake Basin.
Farming non-point source pollution is one of the main sources of water pollution in lakes. However,little research has been done on the driving force of farming non-point source pollution. In order to study the driving forces of nonpoint source pollution in farming industry in Xingyun Lake Basin,the amount of fertilizer loss from farming industry in2005,2010 and 2015 was calculated by the loss coefficient method,and the influencing factors was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results show that:(1)The proportion of agricultural population in the total population,the proportion of cultivated land,the farming area of economic crops and fruit trees,the ratio of sowing area of economic crops and grain crops,and the output value of the first industry are positively correlated with the amount of chemical fertilizer loss.The sown area of grain crops,non-agricultural income per capita,and environmental protection investment index are all negatively related to the amount of chemical fertilizer loss.(2)The farming area of economic crops and fruit trees,the ratio of sowing area of economic crops to grain crops and the amount of chemical fertilizer loss are the highest,which are all greater than 0. 9. Therefore,the decisive factor of planting non-point source pollution is planting structure in Xingyun Lake Basin.
引文
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[15]郑田甜,赵祖军,赵筱青,等.云南星云湖水质变化及其人文因素驱动力分析[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(1):79-90.[ZHENG Tian-tian,ZHAO Zu-jun,ZHAO Xiao-qing,et al.Water Quality Change and Humanities Driving Force in Lake Xingyun,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(1):79-90.]
[16]李家宇,吕傲扬.黑龙江省农业面源污染影响因素分析:基于1987-2015年统计数据[J].中国林业经济,2017(1):44-48.[LI Jia-yu,LüAo-yang.Analysis of Influencing Factors of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Heilongjiang:Based on 1987-2015 Statistical Data[J].China Forestry Economics,2017(1):44-48.]
[17]张芳,马瑛.新疆农业面源污染影响因素分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(26):92-96.[ZHANG Fang,MA Ying.Influence Factors on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Xinjiang[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(26):92-96.]
[18]张海涛,任景明.农业政策对种植业面源污染的影响分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):914-922.[ZHANGHai-tao,REN Jing-ming.Impacts of Agricultural Policies on Non-Point Source Pollution in Planting[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(6):914-922.]
[19]曹万林.河南省农业面源污染的影响因素分析[J].南方农业,2017,11(21):108-110.
[2]胡钰.流域种植业面源氮污染监测及负荷估算:以阿什河流域为例[D].北京:中国环境科学研究院,2012.[HU Yu.Monitoring and Loading Estimation on Non-Point Sources Nitrogen Pollution of Crop Production:A Case Study of Ashi River Basin[D].Beijing:Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,2012.]
[3]ARHEIMER B,LIDéN R.Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations From Agricultural Catchments:Influence of Spatial and Temporal Variables[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,227(1/2/34):140-159.
[4]VAN DIEDERIK D M T,AUKE B,PAUL C M B.Agricultural Nutrient Losses to Surface Water in the Netherlands:Impact,Strategies,and Perspectives[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(1):4-11.
[5]李俊然,陈利顶,傅伯杰,等.于桥水库流域地表水非点源N时空变化特征[J].地理科学,2002,22(2):238-242.[LIJun-ran,CHEN Li-ding,FU Bo-jie,et al.Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Non-Point Source N in Surface Water of Yuqiao Reservoir Watershed[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(2):238-242.]
[6]张亦涛,刘宏斌,王洪媛,等.农田施氮对水质和氮素流失的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6664-6676.[ZHANGYi-tao,LIU Hong-bin,WANG Hong-yuan,et al.A Bibliometric Analysis of Status and Trend of International Research on Field Nitrogen Application Effects on Nitrogen Losses and Water Quality[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(20):6664-6676.]
[7]SHARPLEY A N,SMITH S J,WILLIAMS J R.Nonpoint Source Pollution Impacts of Agricultural Land Use[J].Lake and Reservoir Management,1988,4(1):41-49.
[8]WAYAN S A,HO A,MAKOTO K.Yield and Soil Erosion Among Cassava-Based Cropping Patterns in South Sumatra[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2001,47(1):101-112.
[9]BOERS P C M.Nutrient Emissions From Agriculture in the Netherlands,Causes and Remedies[J].Water Science and Technology,1996,33(4/5):183-189.
[10]曹宁,曲东,陈新平,等.东北地区农田土壤氮、磷平衡及其对面源污染的贡献分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(7):127-133.[CAO Ning,QU Dong,CHENXin-ping,et al.Analysis of the Contribution to Non-Point Pollution Made by Balanced Fertilizer in Northwest China[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2006,34(7):127-133.]
[11]史常亮,李赟,朱俊峰.劳动力转移、化肥过度使用与面源污染[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(5):169-180.[SHIChang-liang,LI Yun,ZHU Jun-feng.Rural Labor Transfer,Excessive Fertilizer Use and Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(5):169-180.]
[12]冯梅.星云湖水质评价及富营养化成因分析[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(增刊1):96-99.[FENG Mei.Assessment of Water Quality and Analysis on Cause of Formation of Eutrophication in Xingyunhu Lake[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,2005,24(Suppl.1):96-99.]
[13]王晋虎.星云湖流域畜禽养殖污染特征及其定量估算研究[D].云南:昆明理工大学,2011.[WANG Jin-hu.The Research of Xingyun Lake Valley Raising Livestock Pollution Characters and Quantitative Estimation[D].Yunnan:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2011.]
[14]玉溪市人民政府.星云湖流域水环境保护“十三五”规划报告(2016-2020年)[R].玉溪:玉溪市人民政府,2016.
[15]郑田甜,赵祖军,赵筱青,等.云南星云湖水质变化及其人文因素驱动力分析[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(1):79-90.[ZHENG Tian-tian,ZHAO Zu-jun,ZHAO Xiao-qing,et al.Water Quality Change and Humanities Driving Force in Lake Xingyun,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(1):79-90.]
[16]李家宇,吕傲扬.黑龙江省农业面源污染影响因素分析:基于1987-2015年统计数据[J].中国林业经济,2017(1):44-48.[LI Jia-yu,LüAo-yang.Analysis of Influencing Factors of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Heilongjiang:Based on 1987-2015 Statistical Data[J].China Forestry Economics,2017(1):44-48.]
[17]张芳,马瑛.新疆农业面源污染影响因素分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(26):92-96.[ZHANG Fang,MA Ying.Influence Factors on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Xinjiang[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(26):92-96.]
[18]张海涛,任景明.农业政策对种植业面源污染的影响分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(6):914-922.[ZHANGHai-tao,REN Jing-ming.Impacts of Agricultural Policies on Non-Point Source Pollution in Planting[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(6):914-922.]
[19]曹万林.河南省农业面源污染的影响因素分析[J].南方农业,2017,11(21):108-110.
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