平原河网区地下水污染风险评价体系及其应用
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摘要
针对平原河网地区特征,结合地下水污染影响因素及途径分析,建立了包含地下水本质脆弱性、地表水系和地下工程特殊脆弱性以及污染源荷载3个部分16个指标的地下水污染风险评价体系,并以上海市金山区为例进行案例解析。结果表明:金山区地下水脆弱性较高,中等脆弱以上级别面积达到449.80 km~2,占评价区面积的70.67%,主要受本质脆弱性和地表水系特殊脆弱性较高影响叠加而成;地下水污染源荷载评价"中"级别以下风险区面积达到555.44 km~2,面积占比达87.27%,其主要潜在污染源为化工类工业园区及加油站;金山区地下水污染风险整体处于较低级别状态,"中"以下级别风险区面积为553.38 km~2,"低"级别风险区面积为231.13 km~2,"高"级别风险区主要集中在金山南部,是该区域较高的地下水脆弱性、密集的工业区等多因素综合叠加的结果。
According to the characteristics of plain river network area, combined with the analysis of influencing factors and ways of groundwater pollution, a groundwater pollution risk assessment system including 3 parts and 16 indexes of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability, special vulnerability of surface water system and underground engineering, and pollution source load was established. A case study was carried out in Jinshan District of Shanghai. The results show that the vulnerability of groundwater in Jinshan District is relatively high, with the area of medium and above level reaching 449.80 km~2, accounting for 70.67% of the area of the evaluation area, which is mainly caused by the superposition of intrinsic vulnerability and the special vulnerability of surface water system. The area below the medium level of groundwater pollution source load assessment reaches 555.44 km~2, accounting for 87.27% of the total area. The main potential pollution sources are chemical industry parks and gas stations. The risk of groundwater pollution in Jinshan District is in a lower level. The area of the middle and below level is 553.38 km~2, the area of the low level is 231.13 km~2, and the area of the high level is mainly concentrated in the south of Jinshan District, which is the result of the superposition of many factors, such as the high vulnerability of groundwater and the intensive industrial zones.
According to the characteristics of plain river network area, combined with the analysis of influencing factors and ways of groundwater pollution, a groundwater pollution risk assessment system including 3 parts and 16 indexes of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability, special vulnerability of surface water system and underground engineering, and pollution source load was established. A case study was carried out in Jinshan District of Shanghai. The results show that the vulnerability of groundwater in Jinshan District is relatively high, with the area of medium and above level reaching 449.80 km~2, accounting for 70.67% of the area of the evaluation area, which is mainly caused by the superposition of intrinsic vulnerability and the special vulnerability of surface water system. The area below the medium level of groundwater pollution source load assessment reaches 555.44 km~2, accounting for 87.27% of the total area. The main potential pollution sources are chemical industry parks and gas stations. The risk of groundwater pollution in Jinshan District is in a lower level. The area of the middle and below level is 553.38 km~2, the area of the low level is 231.13 km~2, and the area of the high level is mainly concentrated in the south of Jinshan District, which is the result of the superposition of many factors, such as the high vulnerability of groundwater and the intensive industrial zones.
引文
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[22] 蔡文静,张延平.基于ArcGIS的DRASTIC法地下水脆弱性评价应用研究[J].地下水,2017,39(1):18-21.(CAI Wenjing,ZHANG Yanping.Application of DRASTIC method based on ArcGIS on evaluating groundwater vulnerability[J].Groundwater,2017,39(1):18-21.(in Chinese))
[23] 孟素花,费宇红,张兆吉,等.华北平原地下水脆弱性评价[J].中国地质,2011,38 (6):1607-1613.(MENG Suhua,FEI Yuhong,ZHANG Zhaoji,et al.Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability in North China Plain[J].Geology in China,2011,38 (6):1607-1613.(in Chinese))
[24] 马天海,朱晓明,潘扎荣.太湖流域典型平原地区浅层地下水脆弱性研究[J].地下水,2014,36(6):53-56.(MA Tianhai,ZHU Xiaoming,PAN Zharong.Study on vulnerability assessment of shallow groundwater in the typical plain area in the Taihu Basin[J].Groundwater,2014,36(6):53-56.(in Chinese))
[2] 米热古丽·麦麦提.地下水污染现状调查及处理[J].水利规划与设计,2013(11):35-37.(MIRIHULI Maimaiti.Investigation and treatment of groundwater pollution[J].Water Conservancy Planning and Design,2013(11):35-37.(in Chinese))
[3] MAHMOOD S N,KUMARS E.Groundwater vulnerability assessment in agricultural areas using a modified DRASTIC model[J].Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2016,188(1):19-36.
[4] 杜朝阳,钟华平.我国地下水系统风险分析研究进展[J].水科学进展,2011,22(3):437-444.(DU Chaoyang,ZHONG Huaping.Advances in risk analysis of groundwater system[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(3):437-444.(in Chinese))
[5] HANEN J,MOUNIRA Z,MOHAMED O,et al.GIS based DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability assessment:case study of the shallow mio-plio-quaternary aquifer (Southeastern Tunisia)[J].Water Resources,2017,44(4):595-603.
[6] 刘增超,董军,何连生,等.基于过程模拟的地下水污染风险评价方法研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(6):1120-1126.(LIU Zengchao,DONG Jun,HE Liansheng,et al.The method study on groundwater pollution risk assessment based on process simulation[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(6):1120-1126.(in Chinese))
[7] 滕彦国,苏洁,翟远征,等.地下水污染风险评价的迭置指数法研究综述[J].地球科学进展,2012,27 (10):1140-1147.(TENG Yanguo,SU Jie,ZHAI Yuanzheng,et al.A Review on the overlay and index method for groundwater pollution risk assessment[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27 (10):1140-1147.(in Chinese))
[8] 张珍,温忠辉,鲁程鹏,等.改进的DRASTIC地下水脆弱性评价模型及应用[J].水资源保护,2014,30(6):13-18.(ZHENG Zhen,WEN Zhonghui,LU Chengpeng,et al.A modified DRASTIC model for assessment of groundwater vulnerability and its application[J].Water Resources Protection,2013,33(6):1120-1126.(in Chinese))
[9] BAALOUSHA H M.Mapping groundwater contamination risk using GIS and groundwater modelling:a case study from the Gaza Srip,Palestine[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2011,4 (3/4):483-494.
[10] FADLELMAWLA A A,FAYAD M,EI-GAMILY H,et al.A land surface zoning approach based on three-component risk criteria for groundwater quality protection[J].Water Resource Manage,2011,25 (6):1677-1697.
[11] 孙才志,潘俊.地下水脆弱性的概念、评价方法与研究前景[J].水科学进展,1999,10 (4):444-449.(SUN Caizhi,PAN Jun.The concept,evaluation method and prospect of groundwater vulnerability[J].Advances in Water Science,1999,10 (4):444-449.(in Chinese))
[12] AMBIGA K,ANNADURAI R.Drastic method and correlation with chromium level due to tannery industry in RANIPET area groundwater vulnerability assessment,Vellore district,Tamilnadu,India[J].Applied Ecology & Environmental Research,2017,15 (3):1393-1406.
[13] HAMZA M H,ADDED A,RODRIGUEZ R,et al.A GIS-based DRASTIC vulnerability and net recharge reassessment in an aquifer of a semi-arid region (Metline-Ras Jebel-Raf Raf aquifer,Northern Tunisia)[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,84 (1):12-19.
[14] 张保祥,万力,JADE Julawong.DRASTIC地下水脆弱性评价方法及其应用:以泰国清迈盆地为例[J].水资源保护,2007,23(2):38-42.(ZHANG Baoxiang,WAN Li,JADE Julawong.Groundwater vulnerability assessment with DRASTIC method and its application in Chiangmai Basin in Thailand[J].Water Resources Protection,2007,23(2):38-42.(in Chinese))
[15] 左海凤,魏加华,王光谦.DRASTIC地下水防污性能评价因子赋权[J].水资源保护,2008,24(2):22-25.(ZUO Haifeng,WEI Jiahua,WANG Guangqian.Method of determining factor weights for groundwater vulnerability assessment[J].Water Resources Protection,2008,24(2):22-25.(in Chinese))
[16] 罗婷,李晓,肖尧,等.成都青白江地区地下水三氮特殊脆弱性评价[J].人民珠江,2016,37(1) :80-84.(LUO Ting,LI Xiao,XIAO Yao,et al.Study on special vulnerability of three nitrogen in Qing Bai Jiang,Chendu[J].Pearl River,2016,37(1) :80-84.(in Chinese))
[17] 张博,李国秀,程品,等.基于随机理论的地下水环境风险评价[J].水科学进展,2016,27(1):100-106.(ZHANG Bo,LI Guoxiu,CHENG Pin,et al.Groundwater environment risk assessment based on stochastic theory[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(1):100-106.(in Chinese))
[18] KAUFMAN M M,ROGERS D T,MURRAY K S,et al.Using soil and contaminant properties to assess the potential for groundwater contamination to the lower Great Lakes,USA[J].Environmental Geology,2000,56 (5):1009-1021.
[19] 卞建民,李立军,杨坡.吉林省通榆县地下水脆弱性研究[J].水资源保护,2008,24(3):4-7.(BIAN Jianming,LI Lijun,YANG Po.Vulnerability of the groundwater environment in Tongyu County of Jilin Province[J].Water Resources Protection,2008,24(3):4-7.(in Chinese))
[20] 刘香,王洁,邵传青,等.城市地下水脆弱性评价方法及应用[J].地下水,2007,29(5):90-92.(LIU Xiang,WANG Jie,SHAO Chuanqing,et al.Groundwater vulnerability assessment in urban area[J].Groundwater,2007,29(5):90-92.(in Chinese))
[21] 江剑,董殿伟,杨冠宁,等.北京市海淀区地下水污染风险性评价[J].城市地质,2010,5(2):14-18.(JIANG Jian,DONG Dianwei,YANG Guanning,et al.Risk assessment of groundwater pollution of Haidian District of Beijing[J].Urban Geology,2010,5(2):14-18.(in Chinese))
[22] 蔡文静,张延平.基于ArcGIS的DRASTIC法地下水脆弱性评价应用研究[J].地下水,2017,39(1):18-21.(CAI Wenjing,ZHANG Yanping.Application of DRASTIC method based on ArcGIS on evaluating groundwater vulnerability[J].Groundwater,2017,39(1):18-21.(in Chinese))
[23] 孟素花,费宇红,张兆吉,等.华北平原地下水脆弱性评价[J].中国地质,2011,38 (6):1607-1613.(MENG Suhua,FEI Yuhong,ZHANG Zhaoji,et al.Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability in North China Plain[J].Geology in China,2011,38 (6):1607-1613.(in Chinese))
[24] 马天海,朱晓明,潘扎荣.太湖流域典型平原地区浅层地下水脆弱性研究[J].地下水,2014,36(6):53-56.(MA Tianhai,ZHU Xiaoming,PAN Zharong.Study on vulnerability assessment of shallow groundwater in the typical plain area in the Taihu Basin[J].Groundwater,2014,36(6):53-56.(in Chinese))