露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同植被类型土壤质量评价
|
摘要
采用室内土壤理化分析与根系扫描技术等研究方法,系统地研究排土场复垦区不同植被类型土壤理化性质及根系分布特征,并对4种植被类型(刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia、榆树Ulmus pumila、紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa、火炬树Rhus typhina)土壤质量进行评价。结果表明:(1)排土场复垦区土壤容重在1.19-1.28 g·cm~(-3)之间,刺槐和火炬树土壤容重较小;排土场毛管孔隙度表现为紫穗槐(40.29%)>刺槐(39.45%)>火炬树(38.67%)>榆树(36.56%),土壤含水率在9.85%-11.73%之间;(2)排土场不同样地初始入渗率表现为刺槐>火炬树>榆树>紫穗槐,稳定入渗率表现为刺槐(3.06mm·min~(-1))>榆树(1.03 mm·min~(-1))>火炬树(0.98 mm·min~(-1))>紫穗槐(0.85 mm·min~(-1));(3)刺槐、榆树、紫穗槐、火炬树土壤有机质依次为12.6、10.49、8.45、9.96 g·kg~(-1),全氮含量在0.54-0.69 g·kg~(-1)之间,有效磷含量在4.73-6.13 mg·kg~(-1)之间,速效钾含量在102.15-137.13 g·kg~(-1)之间;(4)排土场各样地根重密度表现为刺槐>火炬树>榆树>紫穗槐,根长密度为紫穗槐>火炬树>刺槐>榆树,根表面积密度为刺槐>榆树>火炬树>紫穗槐;(5)筛选13个指标来评价排土场土壤质量,排土场土壤质量综合指数表现为刺槐(0.637)>火炬树(0.426)>榆树(0.416)>紫穗槐(0.369),刺槐林地土壤质量最佳。研究结果可为排土场土地复垦与植被恢复提供科学依据。
In the present study, the indoor physical and chemical analysis and root scanning technology were used to investigate the soil physical and chemical properties and root distribution characteristics with different vegetation types(Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina) in the dump and their soil quality were evaluated. The results showed that:(1) the soil bull density was 1.19-1.28 g·cm~(-3) in the dump, among them, that of Robinia pseudoacacia and Rhus typhina was smaller. The porosity of the dump was Amorpha fruticosa(40.29%)>Robinia pseudoacacia(39.45%)>Rhus typhina(38.67%)>Ulmus pumila(36.56%) and soil water content was 9.85%-11.73%.(2) The initial infiltration rate of the dump was Robinia pseudoacacia>Rhus typhina Ulmus pumila>Amorpha fruticosa and the steady infiltration rate and average infiltration rate was Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila>Rhus typhina>Amorpha fruticosa. The stable infiltration rate of Robinia pseudoacacia was 3.06 mm·min~(-1) and Amorpha fruticosa was 0.85 mm·min~(-1).(3) The soil organic matter of Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina was 12.6, 10.49, 8.45 and 9.96 g·kg~(-1), respectively. The total N was 0.54-0.69 g·kg~(-1), available P was 4.73-6.13 mg·kg~(-1) and available K was 102.15-137.13 mg·kg~(-1).(4) The root weight density of the dump was Robinia pseudoacacia>Rhus typhina>Ulmus pumila>Amorpha fruticosa. The root length density was Amorpha fruticosa>Rhus typhina>Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila. The root surface area density was Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila>Rhus typhina>Amorpha fruticosa. And(5) 13 indexes were selected to evaluate the soil quality in the dump. The comprehensive index of soil quality was Robinia pseudoacacia(0.637)>Rhus typhina(0.426)>Ulmus pumila(0.416)>Amorpha fruticosa(0.369) in the dump and Robinia pseudoacacia was the best. The results provide a scientific basis for land reclamation and vegetation restoration in the dump.
In the present study, the indoor physical and chemical analysis and root scanning technology were used to investigate the soil physical and chemical properties and root distribution characteristics with different vegetation types(Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina) in the dump and their soil quality were evaluated. The results showed that:(1) the soil bull density was 1.19-1.28 g·cm~(-3) in the dump, among them, that of Robinia pseudoacacia and Rhus typhina was smaller. The porosity of the dump was Amorpha fruticosa(40.29%)>Robinia pseudoacacia(39.45%)>Rhus typhina(38.67%)>Ulmus pumila(36.56%) and soil water content was 9.85%-11.73%.(2) The initial infiltration rate of the dump was Robinia pseudoacacia>Rhus typhina Ulmus pumila>Amorpha fruticosa and the steady infiltration rate and average infiltration rate was Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila>Rhus typhina>Amorpha fruticosa. The stable infiltration rate of Robinia pseudoacacia was 3.06 mm·min~(-1) and Amorpha fruticosa was 0.85 mm·min~(-1).(3) The soil organic matter of Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina was 12.6, 10.49, 8.45 and 9.96 g·kg~(-1), respectively. The total N was 0.54-0.69 g·kg~(-1), available P was 4.73-6.13 mg·kg~(-1) and available K was 102.15-137.13 mg·kg~(-1).(4) The root weight density of the dump was Robinia pseudoacacia>Rhus typhina>Ulmus pumila>Amorpha fruticosa. The root length density was Amorpha fruticosa>Rhus typhina>Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila. The root surface area density was Robinia pseudoacacia>Ulmus pumila>Rhus typhina>Amorpha fruticosa. And(5) 13 indexes were selected to evaluate the soil quality in the dump. The comprehensive index of soil quality was Robinia pseudoacacia(0.637)>Rhus typhina(0.426)>Ulmus pumila(0.416)>Amorpha fruticosa(0.369) in the dump and Robinia pseudoacacia was the best. The results provide a scientific basis for land reclamation and vegetation restoration in the dump.
引文
DE P O V,LAL R,2016.A standardized soil quality index for diverse field conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,541:424-434.
HOUEROU H N L,2000.Restoration and rehabilitation of arid and semiarid mediterranean ecosystems in North Africa and west Asia:a review[J].Arid Soil Research&Rehabilitation,14(1):3-14.
LAIRD D A,NOVAK J M,COLLINS H P,et al.,2017.Multi-year and multi-location soil quality and crop biomass yield responses to hardwood fast pyrolysis biochar[J].Geoderma,289:46-53.
陈龙乾,邓喀中,徐黎华,等,1999.矿区复垦土壤质量评价方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,28(5):449-452.CHEN L Q,DENG K Z,XU L H,et al.,1999.Method of quantitative evaluation of quality of reclaimed soil[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,28(5):449-452.
楚纯洁,周金风,2018.平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤理化性质及质量评价[J].水土保持研究,25(1):104-110.CHUN C J,ZHOU J F,2018.Soil physicochemical properties and quality assessment in the hilly upland around Pingdingshan coal mining area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,25(1):104-110.
谷裕,王金满,刘慧娟,等,2016.干旱半干旱煤矿区土壤含水率研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,35(4):81-86.GU Y,WANG J M,LIU H J,et al.,2016.Advance of soil moisture in arid and semi-arid mining areas[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,35(4):81-86.
嵇晓雷,夏光辉,张海亚,2016.紫穗槐根系形态与固土护坡效应研究[J].湖北林业科技,45(1):16-19.JI X L,XIA G H,ZHANG H Y,et al.,2016.Effects of Amorpha fruticosa root system on slope soil and water conservation[J].Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,45(1):16-19.
李鹏飞,张兴昌,朱首军,等,2015.植被恢复对黑岱沟矿区排土场土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,35(5):64-70.LI P F,ZHANG X C,ZHU S J,et al.,2015.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties in Heidaigou mine dump[J].Bulletin of soil and water conservation,35(5):64-70.
吕春娟,白中科,2010.露天排土场的岩土侵蚀特征及水保效应分析[J].水土保持研究,17(6):14-19.LV C J,BAI Z K,2010.Soil and rock erosion and soil and water conservation effects of opencast mine dump[J].Research of soil and water conservation,17(6):14-19.
吕刚,傅昕阳,李叶鑫,等,2018.露天煤矿排土场不同复垦植被土壤大孔隙特征[J].煤炭学报,43(2):529-539.LV G,FU X Y,LI Y X,et al.,2018.Soil macropore characteristics of different reclaimed mine soils in dump of surface coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,43(2):529-539.
吕刚,刘雅卓,李叶鑫,等,2017.海州露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的土壤水文效应评价[J].生态环境学报,26(1):67-72.LV G,LIU Y Z,LI Y X,et al.,2017.Evaluation of soil hydrology effects of the vegetation restortion in Haizhou open-pit coal mine dump[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,26(1):67-72.
马从安,才庆祥,王启瑞,等,2008.露天煤矿排土场土壤质地和肥力的分析与评价[J].煤炭工程,55(5):77-79.MA C A,CAI Q X,WANG Q R,et al.,2008.Analysis and assessment on quality and fertility of soil at surface mine dumping site[J].Coal Engineering,55(5):77-79.
任启文,毕君,李联地,等,2018.冀北山地3种森林植被恢复类型对土壤质量的影响[J].生态环境学报,27(10):1818-1824.REN Q W,BI J,LI L D,et al.,2018.Effects of three forest vegetation restoration types on soil quality in northern Hebei mountain area[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(10):1818-1824.
陕永杰,白中科,2008.黄土区大型露天矿区土壤质量评价指标研究[J].能源环境保护,22(2):42-45,49.SHAN Y J,BAI Z K,2008.Study of the large-scale opencast mine of loess area soil quality indicators[J].Energy Environmental Protection,22(2):42-45,49.
石平,王恩德,魏忠义,等,2009.抚顺红透山铜矿区土壤质量评价[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),30(3):434-437.SHI P,WANG E D,WEI Z Y,et al.,2009.On the evaluation of soil environment quality in Hongtoushan copper mine area in Fushun[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),30(3):434-437.
王沣,王美佳,苏思慧,等,2018.水分胁迫下秸秆还田对玉米产量和根系空间分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,29(11):3643-3648.WANG F,WANG M J,SU S H,et al.,2018.Effects of straw returning on maize yield and root system spatial distribution under water stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29(11):3643-3648.
汪明冲,张新长,李辉霞,等,2016.喀斯特石漠化生态恢复过程中土壤质量变化分析:以古周生态恢复重建区为例[J].生态环境学报,25(6):947-955.WANG M C,ZHANG X C,LI H X,et al.,2016.An analysis of soil quality changes in the process of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area:a case study in Karst ecological restoration and rehabilitation region of Guzhou village[J].Ecology and environment Sciences,25(6):947-955.
王华,黄宇,汪思龙,等,2009.中亚热带区域几种典型生态系统土壤质量评价Ⅱ.不同生态系统对土壤质量的影响[J].生态环境学报,18(3):1107-1111.WANG H,HUANG Y,WANG S L,et al.,2009.Soil quality assessment under several typical ecosystems in mid-subtropical regionⅡ:Effects of several typical ecosystems on soil qualities[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,18(3):1107-1111.
王金满,杨睿璇,白中科,2012.草原区露天煤矿排土场复垦土壤质量演替规律与模型[J].农业工程学报,28(14):229-235.WANG J M,YANG R X,BAI Z K,2012.Succession law and model of reclaimed soil quality of opencast coal mine dump in grassland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,28(14):229-235.
王杨扬,赵中秋,原野,等,2017.安太堡露天煤矿3种刺槐复垦模式土壤质量评价[J].中国煤炭,43(5):130-136.WANG Y Y,ZHAO Z Q,YUAN Y,et al.,2017.Evaluation of soil quality under three robinia pseudoacacia reclamation modes in Antaibao opencast mine[J].Chian Coal,43(5):130-136.
魏忠义,白中科,2003.露天矿大型排土场水蚀控制的径流分散概念及其分散措施[J].煤炭学报,28(5):486-490.WEI Z Y,BAI Z K,2003.The concept and measures of runoff-dispersing on water erosion control in the large dump of opencast mine[J].Journal of Chian Coal Society,28(5):486-490.杨小林,花可可,李义玲,等,2019.紫色土区土壤质量敏感因子空间分异特征及其对土地利用方式变化的响应研究[J].生态环境学报,28(1):29-38.YANG X L,HUA K K,LI Y L,et al.,2019.Spatial variation of soil quality sensitive factor and its response to the land uses in the purple soil area of China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,28(1):29-38.
张东梅,宋鑫,张丽静,等,2014.不同供磷水平对紫穗槐生长及根系形态的影响[J].草业科学,31(9):1767-1773.ZHANG D M,SONG X,ZHANG L J,et al.,2014.Effects of phosphorus fertilizing on growth and root morphology of Amorpha fruticosa[J].Pratacultural Science,31(9):1767-1773.
张洪江,2013.水土保持与荒漠化防治实践教程[M].北京:科学出版社.ZHANG H J,2013.Practical Course on Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control[M].Beijing:Science Press.
张莉,王金满,刘涛,2016.露天煤矿区受损土地景观重塑与再造的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,31(12):1235-1246.ZHANG L,WANG J M,LIU T,2016.Landscape reconstruction and recreation of damaged land in opencast coal mine:A review[J].Advances in Earth Science,31(12):1235-1246.
张庆利,史学正,潘贤章,等,2004.江苏省金坛市土壤肥力的时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,41(2):315-319.ZHANG Q L,SHI X Z,PAN X Z,et al.,2004.Characteristics of spatio-temporal changes of soil fertility in Jintan county,Jiangsu province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,41(2):315-319.
张雯雯,李新举,陈丽丽,等,2008.泰安市平原土地整理项目区土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,24(7):106-109.ZHANG W W,LI X J,CHEN L L,et al.,2008.Soil quality evaluation of plain land consolidation projects in Taian[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,24(7):106-109.
中华人民共和国林业行业标准,1999.森林土壤分析方法[S].北京:国家林业局.Forestry Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China,1999.Forest Soil Analysis Method[S].Beijing:The state forestry administration of the People's Republic of China.
HOUEROU H N L,2000.Restoration and rehabilitation of arid and semiarid mediterranean ecosystems in North Africa and west Asia:a review[J].Arid Soil Research&Rehabilitation,14(1):3-14.
LAIRD D A,NOVAK J M,COLLINS H P,et al.,2017.Multi-year and multi-location soil quality and crop biomass yield responses to hardwood fast pyrolysis biochar[J].Geoderma,289:46-53.
陈龙乾,邓喀中,徐黎华,等,1999.矿区复垦土壤质量评价方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,28(5):449-452.CHEN L Q,DENG K Z,XU L H,et al.,1999.Method of quantitative evaluation of quality of reclaimed soil[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,28(5):449-452.
楚纯洁,周金风,2018.平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤理化性质及质量评价[J].水土保持研究,25(1):104-110.CHUN C J,ZHOU J F,2018.Soil physicochemical properties and quality assessment in the hilly upland around Pingdingshan coal mining area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,25(1):104-110.
谷裕,王金满,刘慧娟,等,2016.干旱半干旱煤矿区土壤含水率研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,35(4):81-86.GU Y,WANG J M,LIU H J,et al.,2016.Advance of soil moisture in arid and semi-arid mining areas[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,35(4):81-86.
嵇晓雷,夏光辉,张海亚,2016.紫穗槐根系形态与固土护坡效应研究[J].湖北林业科技,45(1):16-19.JI X L,XIA G H,ZHANG H Y,et al.,2016.Effects of Amorpha fruticosa root system on slope soil and water conservation[J].Hubei Forestry Science and Technology,45(1):16-19.
李鹏飞,张兴昌,朱首军,等,2015.植被恢复对黑岱沟矿区排土场土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,35(5):64-70.LI P F,ZHANG X C,ZHU S J,et al.,2015.Effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties in Heidaigou mine dump[J].Bulletin of soil and water conservation,35(5):64-70.
吕春娟,白中科,2010.露天排土场的岩土侵蚀特征及水保效应分析[J].水土保持研究,17(6):14-19.LV C J,BAI Z K,2010.Soil and rock erosion and soil and water conservation effects of opencast mine dump[J].Research of soil and water conservation,17(6):14-19.
吕刚,傅昕阳,李叶鑫,等,2018.露天煤矿排土场不同复垦植被土壤大孔隙特征[J].煤炭学报,43(2):529-539.LV G,FU X Y,LI Y X,et al.,2018.Soil macropore characteristics of different reclaimed mine soils in dump of surface coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,43(2):529-539.
吕刚,刘雅卓,李叶鑫,等,2017.海州露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的土壤水文效应评价[J].生态环境学报,26(1):67-72.LV G,LIU Y Z,LI Y X,et al.,2017.Evaluation of soil hydrology effects of the vegetation restortion in Haizhou open-pit coal mine dump[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,26(1):67-72.
马从安,才庆祥,王启瑞,等,2008.露天煤矿排土场土壤质地和肥力的分析与评价[J].煤炭工程,55(5):77-79.MA C A,CAI Q X,WANG Q R,et al.,2008.Analysis and assessment on quality and fertility of soil at surface mine dumping site[J].Coal Engineering,55(5):77-79.
任启文,毕君,李联地,等,2018.冀北山地3种森林植被恢复类型对土壤质量的影响[J].生态环境学报,27(10):1818-1824.REN Q W,BI J,LI L D,et al.,2018.Effects of three forest vegetation restoration types on soil quality in northern Hebei mountain area[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,27(10):1818-1824.
陕永杰,白中科,2008.黄土区大型露天矿区土壤质量评价指标研究[J].能源环境保护,22(2):42-45,49.SHAN Y J,BAI Z K,2008.Study of the large-scale opencast mine of loess area soil quality indicators[J].Energy Environmental Protection,22(2):42-45,49.
石平,王恩德,魏忠义,等,2009.抚顺红透山铜矿区土壤质量评价[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),30(3):434-437.SHI P,WANG E D,WEI Z Y,et al.,2009.On the evaluation of soil environment quality in Hongtoushan copper mine area in Fushun[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),30(3):434-437.
王沣,王美佳,苏思慧,等,2018.水分胁迫下秸秆还田对玉米产量和根系空间分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,29(11):3643-3648.WANG F,WANG M J,SU S H,et al.,2018.Effects of straw returning on maize yield and root system spatial distribution under water stress[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29(11):3643-3648.
汪明冲,张新长,李辉霞,等,2016.喀斯特石漠化生态恢复过程中土壤质量变化分析:以古周生态恢复重建区为例[J].生态环境学报,25(6):947-955.WANG M C,ZHANG X C,LI H X,et al.,2016.An analysis of soil quality changes in the process of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area:a case study in Karst ecological restoration and rehabilitation region of Guzhou village[J].Ecology and environment Sciences,25(6):947-955.
王华,黄宇,汪思龙,等,2009.中亚热带区域几种典型生态系统土壤质量评价Ⅱ.不同生态系统对土壤质量的影响[J].生态环境学报,18(3):1107-1111.WANG H,HUANG Y,WANG S L,et al.,2009.Soil quality assessment under several typical ecosystems in mid-subtropical regionⅡ:Effects of several typical ecosystems on soil qualities[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,18(3):1107-1111.
王金满,杨睿璇,白中科,2012.草原区露天煤矿排土场复垦土壤质量演替规律与模型[J].农业工程学报,28(14):229-235.WANG J M,YANG R X,BAI Z K,2012.Succession law and model of reclaimed soil quality of opencast coal mine dump in grassland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,28(14):229-235.
王杨扬,赵中秋,原野,等,2017.安太堡露天煤矿3种刺槐复垦模式土壤质量评价[J].中国煤炭,43(5):130-136.WANG Y Y,ZHAO Z Q,YUAN Y,et al.,2017.Evaluation of soil quality under three robinia pseudoacacia reclamation modes in Antaibao opencast mine[J].Chian Coal,43(5):130-136.
魏忠义,白中科,2003.露天矿大型排土场水蚀控制的径流分散概念及其分散措施[J].煤炭学报,28(5):486-490.WEI Z Y,BAI Z K,2003.The concept and measures of runoff-dispersing on water erosion control in the large dump of opencast mine[J].Journal of Chian Coal Society,28(5):486-490.杨小林,花可可,李义玲,等,2019.紫色土区土壤质量敏感因子空间分异特征及其对土地利用方式变化的响应研究[J].生态环境学报,28(1):29-38.YANG X L,HUA K K,LI Y L,et al.,2019.Spatial variation of soil quality sensitive factor and its response to the land uses in the purple soil area of China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,28(1):29-38.
张东梅,宋鑫,张丽静,等,2014.不同供磷水平对紫穗槐生长及根系形态的影响[J].草业科学,31(9):1767-1773.ZHANG D M,SONG X,ZHANG L J,et al.,2014.Effects of phosphorus fertilizing on growth and root morphology of Amorpha fruticosa[J].Pratacultural Science,31(9):1767-1773.
张洪江,2013.水土保持与荒漠化防治实践教程[M].北京:科学出版社.ZHANG H J,2013.Practical Course on Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control[M].Beijing:Science Press.
张莉,王金满,刘涛,2016.露天煤矿区受损土地景观重塑与再造的研究进展[J].地球科学进展,31(12):1235-1246.ZHANG L,WANG J M,LIU T,2016.Landscape reconstruction and recreation of damaged land in opencast coal mine:A review[J].Advances in Earth Science,31(12):1235-1246.
张庆利,史学正,潘贤章,等,2004.江苏省金坛市土壤肥力的时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,41(2):315-319.ZHANG Q L,SHI X Z,PAN X Z,et al.,2004.Characteristics of spatio-temporal changes of soil fertility in Jintan county,Jiangsu province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,41(2):315-319.
张雯雯,李新举,陈丽丽,等,2008.泰安市平原土地整理项目区土壤质量评价[J].农业工程学报,24(7):106-109.ZHANG W W,LI X J,CHEN L L,et al.,2008.Soil quality evaluation of plain land consolidation projects in Taian[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,24(7):106-109.
中华人民共和国林业行业标准,1999.森林土壤分析方法[S].北京:国家林业局.Forestry Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China,1999.Forest Soil Analysis Method[S].Beijing:The state forestry administration of the People's Republic of China.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |