长江中下游及云贵高原芦苇居群的遗传变异特征
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摘要
芦苇(Phragmites australis)为全球广泛分布的多型种,在水生生态系统,尤其是湿地生态系统中承担重要的生态功能,准确划分其生态型可为种质资源保护与利用提供理论依据,同时也为修复受损生态系统异地引种提供参考。利用叶绿体DNA rpl16基因序列,选取淡水湖泊较为集中且地理跨度较大的长江中下游和云贵高原,以地理位置为划分指标,探讨19个湖滨带芦苇居群的亲缘关系、遗传多样性和遗传结构,并分析了不同湖泊芦苇形态差异与遗传差异的异同,旨在分子水平为不同地理区域芦苇生态型的划分提供遗传分化方面的证据。结果表明:(1)rpl16基因序列分析显示:长江中下游芦苇居群基因水平上的变异程度较云贵高原的低;(2)基于rpl16基因序列重建的最简约系统发育树显示:以地理区域为划分指标,可将长江中下游和云贵高原的芦苇居群分为两个单系;(3)云贵高原芦苇居群的核苷酸多样性A=0.00047,单倍型多态性Hd=0.466,其遗传多样性显著高于长江中下游(Pi=0,Hd=0);(4)居群水平上的遗传分化系数F_(st)=0.535 37,其中53.54%的遗传变异来自于不同地理区域居群间,长江中下游芦苇居群的遗传差异指数F_(st)=0.537 24,基因流N_m=0.215 34,云贵高原芦苇居群的遗传差异指数F_(st)=0.532 78,基因流N_m=0.21923,居群间的遗传分化较强烈。分析结果证明了两种地理生态型芦苇具有遗传上的差异,且地理隔离可能是引起差异的主要原因。
Phragmites australis is a globally distributed plant,and has formed various ecologic types.It plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions in aquatic ecosystems,especially in wetlands.The ecological types classification of Phragmites australis accurately can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of it,and also provide references for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems.Samples from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau where freshwater lakes are concentrated and geographically wide were collected.Fifty-five samples from 19 Phragmites australis populations were used to explore their genetic distances based on the rpl16 gene sequences of chloroplast DNA.The Phenotypic differences of Phragmites australis from different populations were also compared.The results indicated that:(1)Sequence analysis of the rpl16 gene showed that the genetic variation of samples from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau level was more higher than those from the the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;(2)Maximum parsimony tree reconstructed based on the rpl16 gene sequences showed that the Phragmites australis populations can be divided into two monographies according to different geographical region;And(3)the genetic diversity of Phragmite.s australis populations from the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau(Pi=0.000 47,Hd=0.466)is significantly higher than that from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(Pi=0,Hd=0);And(4)at population level,the genetic differentiation index(F_(st)) was 0.535 37.Results of analysis of molecular variance(AMOVE)demonstrated that the percentage of variation among different geographical populations was 53.54%.The genetic difference indexes of Phragmites australis population in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were 0.537 24 and 0.532 78,respectively,and the gene flow(N_m)were 0.215 34 and 0.219 23,respectively.Our analysis demonstrates that the two geographical ecotypes of Phragmites australis have genetic differences,and geographical isolation may be the main cause of the differences.
Phragmites australis is a globally distributed plant,and has formed various ecologic types.It plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological functions in aquatic ecosystems,especially in wetlands.The ecological types classification of Phragmites australis accurately can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of it,and also provide references for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems.Samples from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau where freshwater lakes are concentrated and geographically wide were collected.Fifty-five samples from 19 Phragmites australis populations were used to explore their genetic distances based on the rpl16 gene sequences of chloroplast DNA.The Phenotypic differences of Phragmites australis from different populations were also compared.The results indicated that:(1)Sequence analysis of the rpl16 gene showed that the genetic variation of samples from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau level was more higher than those from the the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;(2)Maximum parsimony tree reconstructed based on the rpl16 gene sequences showed that the Phragmites australis populations can be divided into two monographies according to different geographical region;And(3)the genetic diversity of Phragmite.s australis populations from the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau(Pi=0.000 47,Hd=0.466)is significantly higher than that from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(Pi=0,Hd=0);And(4)at population level,the genetic differentiation index(F_(st)) was 0.535 37.Results of analysis of molecular variance(AMOVE)demonstrated that the percentage of variation among different geographical populations was 53.54%.The genetic difference indexes of Phragmites australis population in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were 0.537 24 and 0.532 78,respectively,and the gene flow(N_m)were 0.215 34 and 0.219 23,respectively.Our analysis demonstrates that the two geographical ecotypes of Phragmites australis have genetic differences,and geographical isolation may be the main cause of the differences.
引文
BUSO G S C,RANGEL P H,FERREIRA M E,2010.Analysis of genetic variability of South American wild rice populations(Oryza glumaepatula)with isozymes and RAPD markers[J].Molecular Ecology,7(1):107-117.
KOPPITZ H,1999.Analysis of genetic diversity among selected populations of Phragmites australis world-wide[J].Aquatic Botany,64(3-4):209-221.
LYNCH E A.,SALTONSTALL K,2002.Paleoecological and genetic analyses provide evidence for recent colonization of native Phragmites australis populations in alake superior wetland[J].The Society of Wetland Scientists,22(4):637-646.
NEI M,LI W H,1979.Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,76(10):5269-5273.
SALTONSTALL K,2003.Genetic variation among north American populations of Phragmites australis[J].Implications for Management.26(2B):444-451.
SALTONSTALL K,MEYERSON L A,2016.Phragmites australis:from genes to ecosystem[J].Biological Invasions,18(9):2415-2420.THEUNISSEN J D,1997.Selection of suitable ecotypes within Digitaria eriantha for reclamation and restoration of disturbed areas in southern Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,35(3):429-439.
ZHOU H,JIN S L,LI G,et al.,2014.The applications of chloroplast genome analysis in plant system development[J].Botanical Research,3:1-9.
岑璐瑶,陈滢,张进,等,2019.种植不同植物的人工湿地深度处理城镇污水处理厂尾水的中试研究[J].湖泊科学,31(2):365-374.CEN L Y,CHEN Y,ZHANG J, et al.,2019.Polot-scale study on advanced treatment of tail water of urban sewage treatment plant by constructed wetlands with different plants[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,31(2):365-374.
龚晓洁,2009.基于epDNA分析河西走廊地区4种生态型芦苇系统发育关系[D].兰州:兰州大学:1-46.GONG X J,2009.Analesis of phylogenetic relationship of four ecotypes reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)from Hexi corridor in gansu provnce in China based on cp DNA sequences[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University:1-46.
何薇,2014.基于叶绿体序列rpl16的中国樱桃居群遗传多样性及居群遗传结构研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学:1-54.HE W,2014.Studies on genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Chinese cherry resources(Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.)based on cpDNA sequence rpl 16[D].Yaar:Sichuan Agricultural University:1-54.
黄椰林,2002.不同地理与生态分布植物类群的系统发育[D].广州:中山大学:1-341.HUANG Y L,2002.Phylogenetics of plants with different geographical and ecological distributions[D].Guangzhou:Sun Yat-Sen University:1-341.
李毳,2016.基于cpDNA序列分析不同生境芦苇种群的遗传结构[J].生态环境学报,25(8):1315-1319.LI C,2016.Analysis of genetic diversity of Phragmites australis populations in different habitats based on cpDNA[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,25(8):1315-1319.
李健仔,李思光,罗玉萍,等,2002.叶绿体DNA分析技术及其在植物系统学研究中的应用[J].江西科学,20(3):183-189.LI J Z,LI S G,LUO Y P,et al.,2002.The analysis techniques of chloroplast DNA in research of plant systematics[J].Jiangxi Science,20(3):183-189.
李欣,2008.东亚七筋姑分子系统发育地理学研究基于-cpDNA PCR-RFLP标记及序列分析[D].西安:西北大学:1-60.LI X,2008.The molecular phylogeography of Clintonia udensis revealed by cpDNA PCR-RPLP markers and sequencing[D].Xian:Northwest University:1-60.
林文芳,陈林姣,朱学艺,2007.用分子标记技术分析不同生态型芦苇的遗传多样性[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,33(1):77-84.LIN W F,CHEN L J,ZHU X Y,2007.An analysis of genetic diversity of different ecotypes of Reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)by molecular marker techniques[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,33(1):77-84.
刘明智,陈明霞,2011.新疆芦苇的生态特性研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,46(6):135-140.LIU M Z,CHEN M X,2011.Study on ecological characteristics of Phragmites australis in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,46(6):135-140.
邱天,2018.松嫩平原异质生境芦苇表型变异及其分子生态学研究[D].长春:东北师范大学:1-120.QIU T,2018.Phenotypic variation and molecular ecology on Phragmites in heterogeneous habitats in Songnen meadow[D].Changchun:Northeaet Normal University:1-120.
任东涛,张承烈,陈国仓,等,1994.芦苇生态型划分指标的主分量及模糊聚类分析[J].生态学报,14(3):266-273.REN D T,ZHANG C L,CHEN G C,et al.,1994.Principal component analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis for different ecotypes of Reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)based on their indexes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,14(3):266-273.
任东涛,张承烈,1992.河西走廊不同生态型芦苇可溶性蛋白质、总氨基酸和游离氨基酸分析[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,34(9):698-704.REN D T,ZHANG C L,1992.Analysis of soluble protein,total andfree amino acids in leaves of different ecotypes of Phragmites communis growing in the Hexi corridor[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,34(9):698-704.
沈浩,刘登义,2001.遗传多样性概述[J].生物学杂志,18(3):5-7.SHEN H,LIU D Y,2001.Summary of genetic diversity[J].Journal of Biology,18(3):5-7.
宋金枝,丁爽,杨允菲,2018.十年来国内芦苇研究进展[J].通化师范学院学报,39(1):18-20.SONG J Z,DING S,YANG Y F,2018.Research Progress of Phragmites australis in China in the Past Ten Years[J].Journal of tonghua normal University,39(1):18-20.
王成树,李增智,2002.分子数据的遗传多样性分析方法(综述)[J].安徽农业大学学报,29(1):90-94.WANG C S,LI Z Z,2002.Methods for genetic diversity analysis of molecular data(Review)[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,29(1):90-94.
王宁,陈润生,1999.基于内含子和外显子的系统发育分析的比较[J].科学通报,44(19):2095-2102.WANG N,CHEN R S,1999.Comparison of phyligenetic analysis based on introns and exons[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,44(19):2095-2102.
徐刚标,2011.种内谱系地理学及在植物遗传多样性保护中的应用[J].中南林业科技大学学报,31(12):1-6.XU G B,2011.Intraspecific phylogeography and its application in conservation strategies of pechnlant genetic diversity[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,31(12):1-6.
颜忠诚,2001.生态型与生活型[J].生物学通报,36(5):4-5.YAN Z C,2001.Ecotype and life form[J].Bulletin of Biology,36(5):4-5.
杨允菲,郎惠卿,1998.不同生态条件下芦苇无性系种群调节分析[J].草业学报,7(2):1-9.YANG Y F,LANG H Q,1998.A study of population regulation of Phragmites communis as a clonal plant in different ecological cinditions[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,7(2):1-9.
张俪文,王安东,赵亚杰,等,2018.黄河三角洲滨海湿地芦苇遗传变异及其与生境盐度的关系[J].生态学杂志,38(8):2362-2368.ZHANG L W,WANG A D,ZHAO Y J,et al.,2018.Genetic variation of Phragmites australi.s and its relationship with salinity in the coastal wetland of Yollow River Delta[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,38(8):2362-2368.
张淑萍,2001.芦苇分子生态学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学:1-108.ZHANG S P,2001.Study on molecular ecology of Phragmites australis[D].Haerbin:Northeast Forestry University:1-108.
张晓芸,杨妙琴,徐英,等,2019.基于rpl16序列分析大百合的遗传多样性及遗传结构[J].植物遗传资源学报,20(1):1-10.ZHANG X Y,YANG M Q,XU Y,et al.,2019.Study on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Cardiocrinum gigant,eum based on rpl16 sequences analysis[J].Jounal of Plant Genetic Resources,20(1):1-10.
赵可夫,冯立田,张圣强,1998.黄河三角洲不同生态型芦苇对盐度适应生理的研究Ⅰ.渗透调节物质及其贡献[J].生态学报,18(5):463-469.ZHAO K F,FENG L T,ZHANG S Q,1998.Adaotve physiology of different ecotypes of Phragmites communis to salinity in the Yellow River DeltaⅠ.Osmotica and their contributions to the osmoticadjustment[J].Acta bcologica Simica,18(5):463-469.
庄瑶,孙一香,王中生,等,2010.芦苇生态型研究进展[J].生态学报30(8):2173-2181.ZHUANG Y,SUN Y X,WANG Z S,et al.,2010.Research advances in Phragmites australis[J].Acta Ecologica Simica,30(8):2173-2181.
KOPPITZ H,1999.Analysis of genetic diversity among selected populations of Phragmites australis world-wide[J].Aquatic Botany,64(3-4):209-221.
LYNCH E A.,SALTONSTALL K,2002.Paleoecological and genetic analyses provide evidence for recent colonization of native Phragmites australis populations in alake superior wetland[J].The Society of Wetland Scientists,22(4):637-646.
NEI M,LI W H,1979.Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,76(10):5269-5273.
SALTONSTALL K,2003.Genetic variation among north American populations of Phragmites australis[J].Implications for Management.26(2B):444-451.
SALTONSTALL K,MEYERSON L A,2016.Phragmites australis:from genes to ecosystem[J].Biological Invasions,18(9):2415-2420.THEUNISSEN J D,1997.Selection of suitable ecotypes within Digitaria eriantha for reclamation and restoration of disturbed areas in southern Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,35(3):429-439.
ZHOU H,JIN S L,LI G,et al.,2014.The applications of chloroplast genome analysis in plant system development[J].Botanical Research,3:1-9.
岑璐瑶,陈滢,张进,等,2019.种植不同植物的人工湿地深度处理城镇污水处理厂尾水的中试研究[J].湖泊科学,31(2):365-374.CEN L Y,CHEN Y,ZHANG J, et al.,2019.Polot-scale study on advanced treatment of tail water of urban sewage treatment plant by constructed wetlands with different plants[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,31(2):365-374.
龚晓洁,2009.基于epDNA分析河西走廊地区4种生态型芦苇系统发育关系[D].兰州:兰州大学:1-46.GONG X J,2009.Analesis of phylogenetic relationship of four ecotypes reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)from Hexi corridor in gansu provnce in China based on cp DNA sequences[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University:1-46.
何薇,2014.基于叶绿体序列rpl16的中国樱桃居群遗传多样性及居群遗传结构研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学:1-54.HE W,2014.Studies on genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Chinese cherry resources(Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.)based on cpDNA sequence rpl 16[D].Yaar:Sichuan Agricultural University:1-54.
黄椰林,2002.不同地理与生态分布植物类群的系统发育[D].广州:中山大学:1-341.HUANG Y L,2002.Phylogenetics of plants with different geographical and ecological distributions[D].Guangzhou:Sun Yat-Sen University:1-341.
李毳,2016.基于cpDNA序列分析不同生境芦苇种群的遗传结构[J].生态环境学报,25(8):1315-1319.LI C,2016.Analysis of genetic diversity of Phragmites australis populations in different habitats based on cpDNA[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,25(8):1315-1319.
李健仔,李思光,罗玉萍,等,2002.叶绿体DNA分析技术及其在植物系统学研究中的应用[J].江西科学,20(3):183-189.LI J Z,LI S G,LUO Y P,et al.,2002.The analysis techniques of chloroplast DNA in research of plant systematics[J].Jiangxi Science,20(3):183-189.
李欣,2008.东亚七筋姑分子系统发育地理学研究基于-cpDNA PCR-RFLP标记及序列分析[D].西安:西北大学:1-60.LI X,2008.The molecular phylogeography of Clintonia udensis revealed by cpDNA PCR-RPLP markers and sequencing[D].Xian:Northwest University:1-60.
林文芳,陈林姣,朱学艺,2007.用分子标记技术分析不同生态型芦苇的遗传多样性[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,33(1):77-84.LIN W F,CHEN L J,ZHU X Y,2007.An analysis of genetic diversity of different ecotypes of Reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)by molecular marker techniques[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,33(1):77-84.
刘明智,陈明霞,2011.新疆芦苇的生态特性研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,46(6):135-140.LIU M Z,CHEN M X,2011.Study on ecological characteristics of Phragmites australis in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,46(6):135-140.
邱天,2018.松嫩平原异质生境芦苇表型变异及其分子生态学研究[D].长春:东北师范大学:1-120.QIU T,2018.Phenotypic variation and molecular ecology on Phragmites in heterogeneous habitats in Songnen meadow[D].Changchun:Northeaet Normal University:1-120.
任东涛,张承烈,陈国仓,等,1994.芦苇生态型划分指标的主分量及模糊聚类分析[J].生态学报,14(3):266-273.REN D T,ZHANG C L,CHEN G C,et al.,1994.Principal component analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis for different ecotypes of Reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)based on their indexes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,14(3):266-273.
任东涛,张承烈,1992.河西走廊不同生态型芦苇可溶性蛋白质、总氨基酸和游离氨基酸分析[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,34(9):698-704.REN D T,ZHANG C L,1992.Analysis of soluble protein,total andfree amino acids in leaves of different ecotypes of Phragmites communis growing in the Hexi corridor[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,34(9):698-704.
沈浩,刘登义,2001.遗传多样性概述[J].生物学杂志,18(3):5-7.SHEN H,LIU D Y,2001.Summary of genetic diversity[J].Journal of Biology,18(3):5-7.
宋金枝,丁爽,杨允菲,2018.十年来国内芦苇研究进展[J].通化师范学院学报,39(1):18-20.SONG J Z,DING S,YANG Y F,2018.Research Progress of Phragmites australis in China in the Past Ten Years[J].Journal of tonghua normal University,39(1):18-20.
王成树,李增智,2002.分子数据的遗传多样性分析方法(综述)[J].安徽农业大学学报,29(1):90-94.WANG C S,LI Z Z,2002.Methods for genetic diversity analysis of molecular data(Review)[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,29(1):90-94.
王宁,陈润生,1999.基于内含子和外显子的系统发育分析的比较[J].科学通报,44(19):2095-2102.WANG N,CHEN R S,1999.Comparison of phyligenetic analysis based on introns and exons[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,44(19):2095-2102.
徐刚标,2011.种内谱系地理学及在植物遗传多样性保护中的应用[J].中南林业科技大学学报,31(12):1-6.XU G B,2011.Intraspecific phylogeography and its application in conservation strategies of pechnlant genetic diversity[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,31(12):1-6.
颜忠诚,2001.生态型与生活型[J].生物学通报,36(5):4-5.YAN Z C,2001.Ecotype and life form[J].Bulletin of Biology,36(5):4-5.
杨允菲,郎惠卿,1998.不同生态条件下芦苇无性系种群调节分析[J].草业学报,7(2):1-9.YANG Y F,LANG H Q,1998.A study of population regulation of Phragmites communis as a clonal plant in different ecological cinditions[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,7(2):1-9.
张俪文,王安东,赵亚杰,等,2018.黄河三角洲滨海湿地芦苇遗传变异及其与生境盐度的关系[J].生态学杂志,38(8):2362-2368.ZHANG L W,WANG A D,ZHAO Y J,et al.,2018.Genetic variation of Phragmites australi.s and its relationship with salinity in the coastal wetland of Yollow River Delta[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,38(8):2362-2368.
张淑萍,2001.芦苇分子生态学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学:1-108.ZHANG S P,2001.Study on molecular ecology of Phragmites australis[D].Haerbin:Northeast Forestry University:1-108.
张晓芸,杨妙琴,徐英,等,2019.基于rpl16序列分析大百合的遗传多样性及遗传结构[J].植物遗传资源学报,20(1):1-10.ZHANG X Y,YANG M Q,XU Y,et al.,2019.Study on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Cardiocrinum gigant,eum based on rpl16 sequences analysis[J].Jounal of Plant Genetic Resources,20(1):1-10.
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