不同污染负荷对废砖垂直流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的影响
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摘要
废砖垂直流人工湿地是采用农村废弃建筑垃圾和秸秆为填料的一种新型"以废治废、变废为宝"的人工湿地。农村生活污水水质波动大,污染负荷变化大,为了摸清在不同污染负荷变化情况下,废砖垂直流人工湿地系统的处理效果如何,以常规石灰石人工湿地为对照,选择不同污染负荷的农村生活污水为供试污水,研究废砖垂直流人工湿地在不同污染负荷下对污染物的处理效果。结果显示,不同污染负荷下,废砖人工湿地系统对污染物的去除存在显著差异(P<0.05),在污染负荷1 [ρ(TN)=10 mg·L~(-1),ρ(TP)=1 mg·L~(-1),ρ(COD_(Cr))=10 mg·L~(-1)]和污染负荷2 [ρ(TN)=20 mg·L~(-1),ρ(TP)=3 mg·L~(-1),ρ(COD_(Cr))=200mg·L~(-1)]情况下,系统显示较好的污染物去除效果,出水TN和NH_4~+-N质量浓度满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级B类水质标准。废砖人工湿地系统对污染物的去除效果要优于石灰石人工湿地。废砖人工湿地的TP去除率在4个不同污染负荷下分别可达到86%、74%、64%、61%;在污染负荷为3[ρ(TN)=40mg·L~(-1),ρ(TP)=7mg·L~(-1),ρ(COD_(Cr))=300 mg·L~(-1)]情况下,废砖人工湿地系统对COD_(Cr)的去除率可达到83%。污染负荷变化,会影响系统微环境指标的变化。不同污染负荷的变化对系统的净化效果具有显著影响。该研究结果可为废砖人工湿地系统实际运行和进一步优化提供重要实际参考价值。
Vertical flow-constructed wetland with crushed bricks is a new type of constructed wetland with rural construction waste and straw as fillers used to treat wastes with processes of wastes against one another, thereby making waste profitable. The quality of rural domestic sewage fluctuates considerably, and the pollution load varies remarkably. To determine the treatment effect of vertical flow constructed wetland system with crushed bricks under different pollution load changes by taking the conventional limestone constructed wetland as the control and selecting rural domestic sewage with different pollution loads as the test sewage, we study the treatment effects of vertical flow constructed wetland with crushed bricks on pollutants under different pollution loads. Results showed that,(1) The differences in pollutant removal by constructed wetland system with crushed bricks under different pollution loads are significant(P<0.05). Under pollution loads 1 [(10 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TN), 1 mg·L~(-1) TP, and 10 mg·L~(-1) ρ(COD_(Cr))] and 2 [20 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TN), 3 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TP), and 200 mg·L~(-1) ρ(COD_(Cr))], the system has a good pollutant removal effect, and the effluent(TN and NH_4~+-N) concentrations meet water quality standard class I level B of Standards for the Discharge of Pollutants of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants(GB18918—2002).(2) The pollutant removal effect of constructed wetland system with crushed bricks is better than that of limestone-constructed wetland. The TP removal rates of the constructed wetland with crushed bricks under the four different pollution loads are 86%, 74%, 64%, and 61%, respectively. Under conditions that pollution loads of 40 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TN), 7 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TP), and 300 mg·L~(-1) ρ(COD_(Cr)), the COD_(Cr) removal rate of constructed wetland with crushed bricks can reach 83%. And(3) the changes in pollution load will affect the change in system microenvironment index. The change in different pollution loads has a significant impact on the purification effect of the system. This study result can provide an important practical reference value for the actual operation and further optimization of constructed wetland with crushed bricks.
Vertical flow-constructed wetland with crushed bricks is a new type of constructed wetland with rural construction waste and straw as fillers used to treat wastes with processes of wastes against one another, thereby making waste profitable. The quality of rural domestic sewage fluctuates considerably, and the pollution load varies remarkably. To determine the treatment effect of vertical flow constructed wetland system with crushed bricks under different pollution load changes by taking the conventional limestone constructed wetland as the control and selecting rural domestic sewage with different pollution loads as the test sewage, we study the treatment effects of vertical flow constructed wetland with crushed bricks on pollutants under different pollution loads. Results showed that,(1) The differences in pollutant removal by constructed wetland system with crushed bricks under different pollution loads are significant(P<0.05). Under pollution loads 1 [(10 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TN), 1 mg·L~(-1) TP, and 10 mg·L~(-1) ρ(COD_(Cr))] and 2 [20 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TN), 3 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TP), and 200 mg·L~(-1) ρ(COD_(Cr))], the system has a good pollutant removal effect, and the effluent(TN and NH_4~+-N) concentrations meet water quality standard class I level B of Standards for the Discharge of Pollutants of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants(GB18918—2002).(2) The pollutant removal effect of constructed wetland system with crushed bricks is better than that of limestone-constructed wetland. The TP removal rates of the constructed wetland with crushed bricks under the four different pollution loads are 86%, 74%, 64%, and 61%, respectively. Under conditions that pollution loads of 40 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TN), 7 mg·L~(-1) ρ(TP), and 300 mg·L~(-1) ρ(COD_(Cr)), the COD_(Cr) removal rate of constructed wetland with crushed bricks can reach 83%. And(3) the changes in pollution load will affect the change in system microenvironment index. The change in different pollution loads has a significant impact on the purification effect of the system. This study result can provide an important practical reference value for the actual operation and further optimization of constructed wetland with crushed bricks.
引文
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刘红,代明利,欧阳威,等,2003.潜流人工湿地改善官厅水库水质试验研究[J].中国环境科学,23(5):462-466.LIU H,DAI M L,OUYANG W,et al.,2003.Experimental studies on subsurface flow constructed wetland for water quality improvement in Guanting Reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,23(5):462-466.
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吴建强,2010.潜流、垂直流人工湿地污染物净化效果及耐污染负荷冲击能力研究[J].环境污染与防治,32(7):39-43.WU J Q,2010.Study on purification effect and pollutant loads resistibility of vertical flow constructed wetland and subsurface flow constructed wetland[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,32(7):39-43.
王夏晖,王波,王金南,2018.面向乡村振兴农村环保面临的挑战与对策[J].中国农村科技,273(31):30-34.WANG X H,WANG B,WANG J N,2018.Challenges and countermeasures of rural environmental protection facing rural revitalization[J].China Rural Science&Technology,273(31):30-34.
张萍,和丽萍,陈静,等,2013.污染负荷对人工湿地污染处理效果的影响[J].环境科学导刊,32(1):8-12.ZHANG P,HE L P,CHEN J,et al.,2013.Effect of pollution load on pollution treatment of constructed wetlands[J].Environmental Science Survey,32(1):8-12.
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冯明雷,张志勇,杨林章,等,2007.低负荷人工湿地对城市生活污水处理效果的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),28(3):72-76.FENG M L,ZHANG Z Y,YANG L Z,2007.Effect of constructed wetland on treatment of municipal sewage at lower loading rates[J].Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),28(3):72-76.
付融冰,朱宜平,杨海真,2008.连续流湿地中DO、ORP状况及与植物根系分布的关系[J].环境科学学报,28(10):2036-2041.FU R B,ZHU Y P,YANG H Z,2008.DO and ORP conditions and their correlation with plant root distribution in a continuous-flow constructed wetland treating eutrophic water[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstance,28(10):2036-2041.
陶敏,贺锋,徐栋,等,2008.复合垂直流人工湿地氧化还原特征及不同功能区净化作用研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,17(2):291-294.TAO M,HE F,XU D,et al.,2008.Redox character and purification of different functionunits in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,17(2):291-294.
籍国东,倪晋仁,2004.人工湿地废水生态处理系统的作用机制[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,5(6):71-75.JI G D,NI J R,2004.Mechanisms of constructed wetland wastewater ecological treatment systems[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,5(6):71-75.
孙文杰,佘宗莲,关艳艳,等,2011.垂直流人工湿地净化污水的研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,18(1):25-28.SUN W J,SHE Z L,GUAN Y Y,et al.,2011.Research progress of sewage purification in vertical flow wetland[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,18(1):25-28.
杜新,施春红,马方曙,2015.有机负荷对潮汐流人工湿地净化农村生活污水的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,31(3):380-384.DU X,SHI C H,MA F S,2015.Impact of organic pollutant loading on effect of artificial tidal flow wetland purifying rural domes[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,31(3):380-384.
李紫霞,唐晓丹,崔理华,2016.3种负荷对模拟垂直流人工湿地去除氮、磷效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,10(2):637-642.LI Z X,TANG X D,CUI L H,2016.Effects of three kinds of loads on the removal of TN and TP in a simulated vertical flow constructed[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,10(2):637-642.
龚琴红,田光明,吴坚阳,等,2004.垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的水力负荷[J].中国环境科学,24(3):275-279.GONG Q H,TIAN G M,WU J Y,et al.,2004.Hydraulic loading of vertical-flow wetland applied in low concentration sewage treatment[J].China Environmental Science,24(3):275-279.
冯明雷,张志勇,杨林章,等,2007.低负荷人工湿地对城市生活污水处理效果的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),28(3):72-76.FENG M L,ZHANG Z Y,YANG L Z,et al.,2007.Effect of constructed wetland on treatment of municipal sewage at lower loading rates[J].Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),28(3):72-76.
李英华,李海波,王鑫,等,2013.生物填料地下渗滤系统对生活污水的脱氮[J].环境工程学报,7(9):3369-3374.LI Y H,LI H B,WANG X,et al.,2013.Nitrogen removal in domestic sewage by bio-substrate based subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,7(9):3369-3374.
丁海静,丁彦礼,游俊杰,等,2018.基质结构对人工湿地运行性能的影响分析[J].水处理技术,44(12):91-95.DING H J,DING Y L,YOU J J,et al.,2018.Influence of substrate structure on operational performance of constructed wetlands[J].Technology of Water Treatment,44(12):91-95.
STOTTMEISTER U,WIEΒNER A,KUSCHK P,et al.,2003.Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment[J].Biotechnology Advances,22(1):93-117.
GREENWAY M,2003.Suitability of macrophytes for nutrient removal from surface flow constructed wetlands receiving secondary treated sewage effluent in Queensland,Aust ralia[J].Water Science and Technology,48(2):121-128.
CHENG S,GROSSE W,KARRENBROCK F,et al.,2001.Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals[J].Ecological Engineering,18(3):317-325.
PEIZHEN C,XIANGQUN Z,TIANZHI R,et al.,2017.Vertical flow artificial wetland system of waste bricks removes phosphorus in rural domestic wastewater and phosphorus transport characteristics[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,26(12):7411-7418.
RICHARDSON J L,VEPRASKAS M J,2001.Wetland soils:genesis,hydrology,lands capes and classification[M].Florida:CRC Press:20-156.
SANI A,SCHOLZ M,BABATUNDE A,et al.,2013.Impact of water quality parameters on the clogging of vertical-Flow constructed wetlands treating urban wastewater[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,224(3):1-18.
古腾,吴勇,王橚橦,2018.曝气生物滤池-模块化人工湿地组合工艺处理农村生活污水[J].环境工程,36(1):20-24.GU T,WU Y,WANG X T,2018.Treatment of domestic sewage by using biological aerated filter and modular constructed wetland combined process[J].Environment Engineering,36(1):20-24.
黄媛媛,许东阳,纪荣平,2018.改进生物滴滤池-人工湿地处理农村生活污水研究[J].水处理技术,44(5):93-97.HUANG Y Y,XU D Y,JI R P,2018.Study on Improving bio trickling filter-constructed wetland for rural domestic sewage treatment[J].Technology of Water Treatment,44(5):93-97.
黄世谋,何廷树,李国新,2006.建筑废料的再生利用研究[J].混凝土(5):30-34.HUANG S M,HE Y S,LI G X,2006.Study of recycling building waste[J].Concrete(5):30-34.
谭迪,雷鸣,龙九妹,等,2018.运用无动力人工湿地分散式处理农村生活污水的研究[J].环境污染与防治,40(4):455-459.TAN D,LEI M,LONG J M,et al.,2018.Application of the non-powered constructed wetland system on rural domestic sewage treatment[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,40(4):455-459.
唐蓉,李如燕,2007.建筑垃圾的危害及资源化[J].中国资源综合利用,22(11):25-27.TANG R,LI R Y,2007.The damage and resources recovery towards construction waste[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,22(11):25-27.
李冠杰,郑雅莉,范彬,2015,农业面源污染对水环境的影响及其防治[J].中国集体经济(1):6-8.LI G J,ZHENG Y L,FAN B,2015,Effects of agricultural non-point source pollution on water environment and its prevention and control[J].China Collective Economy(1):6-8.
刘红,代明利,欧阳威,等,2003.潜流人工湿地改善官厅水库水质试验研究[J].中国环境科学,23(5):462-466.LIU H,DAI M L,OUYANG W,et al.,2003.Experimental studies on subsurface flow constructed wetland for water quality improvement in Guanting Reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,23(5):462-466.
修春海,于水利,李玲,2008.不同人工湿地对微污染原水处理效果的研究[J].中国给水排水,24(23):64-71.XIU C H,YU S L,LI L,2008.Different constructed wetlands for treatment of micro-polluted raw water[J].China Water&Wastewater,24(23):64-71.
吴建强,2010.潜流、垂直流人工湿地污染物净化效果及耐污染负荷冲击能力研究[J].环境污染与防治,32(7):39-43.WU J Q,2010.Study on purification effect and pollutant loads resistibility of vertical flow constructed wetland and subsurface flow constructed wetland[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,32(7):39-43.
王夏晖,王波,王金南,2018.面向乡村振兴农村环保面临的挑战与对策[J].中国农村科技,273(31):30-34.WANG X H,WANG B,WANG J N,2018.Challenges and countermeasures of rural environmental protection facing rural revitalization[J].China Rural Science&Technology,273(31):30-34.
张萍,和丽萍,陈静,等,2013.污染负荷对人工湿地污染处理效果的影响[J].环境科学导刊,32(1):8-12.ZHANG P,HE L P,CHEN J,et al.,2013.Effect of pollution load on pollution treatment of constructed wetlands[J].Environmental Science Survey,32(1):8-12.
韦新东,于婧,2015.污染负荷对人工湿地处理生活污水效果影响研究[J].辽宁化工,44(2):121-124.WEI X D,YU J,2015.Study on the effect of pollution load on domestic sewage treatment in constructed wetlands[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,44(2):121-124.
冯明雷,张志勇,杨林章,等,2007.低负荷人工湿地对城市生活污水处理效果的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),28(3):72-76.FENG M L,ZHANG Z Y,YANG L Z,2007.Effect of constructed wetland on treatment of municipal sewage at lower loading rates[J].Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),28(3):72-76.
付融冰,朱宜平,杨海真,2008.连续流湿地中DO、ORP状况及与植物根系分布的关系[J].环境科学学报,28(10):2036-2041.FU R B,ZHU Y P,YANG H Z,2008.DO and ORP conditions and their correlation with plant root distribution in a continuous-flow constructed wetland treating eutrophic water[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstance,28(10):2036-2041.
陶敏,贺锋,徐栋,等,2008.复合垂直流人工湿地氧化还原特征及不同功能区净化作用研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,17(2):291-294.TAO M,HE F,XU D,et al.,2008.Redox character and purification of different functionunits in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,17(2):291-294.
籍国东,倪晋仁,2004.人工湿地废水生态处理系统的作用机制[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,5(6):71-75.JI G D,NI J R,2004.Mechanisms of constructed wetland wastewater ecological treatment systems[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,5(6):71-75.
孙文杰,佘宗莲,关艳艳,等,2011.垂直流人工湿地净化污水的研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,18(1):25-28.SUN W J,SHE Z L,GUAN Y Y,et al.,2011.Research progress of sewage purification in vertical flow wetland[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,18(1):25-28.
杜新,施春红,马方曙,2015.有机负荷对潮汐流人工湿地净化农村生活污水的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,31(3):380-384.DU X,SHI C H,MA F S,2015.Impact of organic pollutant loading on effect of artificial tidal flow wetland purifying rural domes[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,31(3):380-384.
李紫霞,唐晓丹,崔理华,2016.3种负荷对模拟垂直流人工湿地去除氮、磷效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,10(2):637-642.LI Z X,TANG X D,CUI L H,2016.Effects of three kinds of loads on the removal of TN and TP in a simulated vertical flow constructed[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,10(2):637-642.
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