北京市中心城区某沥青屋面和金属屋面径流污染特征
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摘要
为评价不同类型屋面径流污染特征,通过2016～2018年雨季期间对北京中心城区某沥青屋面和金属屋面径流进行监测,分析其径流污染特征,并评价初期雨水弃流对径流污染的控制效果。研究结果表明,沥青屋面径流和金属屋面径流中化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH+4-N)的事件平均浓度(EMC)均远高于《地表水环境标准》中Ⅴ类水的水质标准,总体略高于同类型屋面径流的相关研究报道;研究监测的6场降雨事件,沥青屋面径流中悬浮固体(SS)、COD、TP和NH+4-N的初期冲刷强度均高于金属屋面,在前期晴天数较高或降雨强度和降雨量较大时更为显著;通过提出的径流厚度和污染物排放率关系曲线方法,可定量评价不同初期弃流量对径流污染控制效果,金属屋面和沥青屋面径流弃流3 mm径流厚度后,可以有效控制(72. 75±20. 96)%和(80. 55±15. 94)%的SS污染负荷,以及(66. 91±21. 68)%和(85. 25±11. 28)%的COD污染负荷,弃流后径流污染控制效果较好;但按照3 mm径流厚度弃流后,仍不能一定保证弃流后径流中SS和COD浓度在国家相关规范要求的初期弃流后雨水径流污染物浓度范围内。
In order to evaluate the characteristics of different types of roof runoff pollution,an asphalt roof and a metal roof runoff in downtown Beijing were monitored during the rainy season from 2016 to 2018,and the runoff pollution characteristics were analyzed. The effect of first flush divider on runoff pollution control was evaluated.The results show that the event mean concentration( EMC) of chemical oxygen demand( COD),total phosphorus( TP) and ammonia nitrogen( NH+4-N) in asphalt roof runoff and metal roof runoff are much higher than the water quality standards of Class Ⅴ water in the surface water environment standard,which is slightly higher than the related type of roof runoff in previous researches. For the six rainfall events monitored,the first flush of suspended solid( SS),COD,TP and NH+4-N in asphalt roof runoff is higher than that of metal roofing,and it is much significant when the antecedent dry period is high or the rainfall intensity and rainfall are large. Through the relationship between runoff depth and pollutant discharge rate curve method proposed in this study,the effect of first flush divider was assessed. The( 72. 75 ± 20. 96) % and( 80. 55 ± 15. 94) % of SS pollution load,and( 66. 91 ± 21. 68) %and( 85. 25 ± 11. 28) % of COD pollution load can be effectively controlled,when 3 mm runoff depth was divided for the metal roof and asphalt roof runoff. But after 3 mm runoff depth divided,it cannot be guaranteed the SS and COD in the runoff after first flush divided meet requirements of the concentration regulated in related national code.
In order to evaluate the characteristics of different types of roof runoff pollution,an asphalt roof and a metal roof runoff in downtown Beijing were monitored during the rainy season from 2016 to 2018,and the runoff pollution characteristics were analyzed. The effect of first flush divider on runoff pollution control was evaluated.The results show that the event mean concentration( EMC) of chemical oxygen demand( COD),total phosphorus( TP) and ammonia nitrogen( NH+4-N) in asphalt roof runoff and metal roof runoff are much higher than the water quality standards of Class Ⅴ water in the surface water environment standard,which is slightly higher than the related type of roof runoff in previous researches. For the six rainfall events monitored,the first flush of suspended solid( SS),COD,TP and NH+4-N in asphalt roof runoff is higher than that of metal roofing,and it is much significant when the antecedent dry period is high or the rainfall intensity and rainfall are large. Through the relationship between runoff depth and pollutant discharge rate curve method proposed in this study,the effect of first flush divider was assessed. The( 72. 75 ± 20. 96) % and( 80. 55 ± 15. 94) % of SS pollution load,and( 66. 91 ± 21. 68) %and( 85. 25 ± 11. 28) % of COD pollution load can be effectively controlled,when 3 mm runoff depth was divided for the metal roof and asphalt roof runoff. But after 3 mm runoff depth divided,it cannot be guaranteed the SS and COD in the runoff after first flush divided meet requirements of the concentration regulated in related national code.
引文
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3张伟，车伍．海绵城市建设内涵与多视角解析[J]．水资源保护，2016,32(6):19-26Zhang Wei,Che Wu.Connotation and multi-angle analysis of sponge city construction[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):19-26
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5 Lye D J.Rooftop runoff as a source of contamination:a review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(21):5429-5434
6 Gilbert J K,Clausen J C.Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from asphalt,paver,and crushed stone driveways in connecticut[J].Water Research,2006,40(4):826-832
7 Gikas G D,Tsihrintzis V A.Assessment of water quality of first-flush roof runoff and harvested rainwater[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,466:115-126
8车伍，刘燕，李俊奇．国内外城市雨水水质及污染控制[J]．给水排水，2003(10):38-42Che Wu,Liu Yan,Li Junqi.Urban rainwater quality and pollution control at home and abroad[J].Water&Wastewater,2003(10):38-42
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14黄国如，陈子宇．广州校园区降雨径流污染的初期冲刷效应[J]．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2013,41(12):29-35Huang Guoru,Chen Ziyu.First flush effect of urban rainfall runoff pollution from campus in Guangzhou,China[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(12):29-35
15周栋，陈振楼，毕春娟．温州城市降雨径流磷的负荷及其初始冲刷效应[J]．环境科学，2012,33(8):2634-2643Zhou Dong,Chen Zhenlou,Bi Chunjuan.Pollution load and the first flush effect of phosphorus in urban runoff of Wenzhou city[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(8):2634-2643
16谢继锋，胡志新，徐挺，等．合肥市不同下垫面降雨径流水质特征分析[J]．中国环境科学，2012,32(6):1018-1025Xie Jifeng,Hu Zhixin,Xu Ting,et al.Water quality characteristic of rainfall runoff in Hefei city[J].China Environmental,2012,32(6):1018-1025
17武俊良，任玉芬，王雪梅，等．城市典型屋面径流的排污特征[J]．环境工程学报，2016,10(8):4351-4356Wu Junliang,Ren Yufen,Wang Xuemei,et al.Pollution wash-off characterization in urban typical roof stormwater[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(8):4351-4356
18张科峰，李贺，傅大放，等．三种不同屋面雨水径流重金属污染特性及影响因素分析[J]．环境科学学报，2011,31(4):724-730Zhang Kefeng,Li He,Fu Dafang,et al.Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in runoff from three different types of roofs[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(4):724-730
19王闪，李敏，张立秋．不同屋面材料径流过程中重金属的污染特征[J]．城市环境与城市生态，2015,28(3):35-38Wang Shan,Li Min,Zhang Liqiu.Characteristics analysis of heavy metal pollution in runoff from different type of roof[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2015,28(3):35-38
20吴亚刚，陈莹，陈望，等．西安市某文教区典型下垫面径流污染特征[J]．中国环境科学，2018,38(8):3104-3112Wu Yagang,Chen Ying,Chen Wang,et al.Characteristics of runoff pollution of different underlying surfaces in typical cultural and educational area of Xi'an[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):3104-3112
21边博．前期晴天时间对城市降雨径流污染水质的影响[J]．环境科学，2009,30(12):3522-3526Bian Bo.Effect of antecedent dry period on water quality of urban storm runoff pollution[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(12):3522-3526
22刘大喜，李倩倩，李铁龙，等．北方沿海城市屋面雨水径流水质及影响因素[J]．环境科学与技术，2016,39(12):100-105Liu Daxi,Li Qianqian,Li Tielong,et al.Study on characteristics of roof runoff water quality in the northern coastal city and its influencing factors[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(12):100-105
23张千千，王效科，郝丽岭，等．重庆市不同材质屋面径流水质特性[J]．环境科学研究，2012,25(5):579-586Zhang Qianqian,Wang Xiaoke,Hao Liling,et al.Characteristics of runoff from different material roofs in Chongqing urban area[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2012,25(5):579-586
24杨龙，孙长虹，王旭，等．不同屋面类型径流污染特征研究[J]．环境科学与管理，2014,39(12):34-37,67Yang Long,Sun Changhong,Wang Xun,et al.Study on runoff pollution characteristics of different roof types[J].Environmental Science and Management,2014,39(12):34-37,67
25龙剑波，李兴扬，王书敏，等．城市区域不同屋顶降雨径流水质特征[J]．环境工程学报，2014,8(7):2895-2900Long Jianbo,Li Xingyang,Wang Shumin,et al.Water quality of stormwater runoff from different roofs in urban region[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(7):2895-2900
26任玉芬，王效科，欧阳志云，等．沥青油毡屋面降雨径流污染物浓度历时变化研究[J]．环境科学学报，2006,26(4):601-606Ren Yufen,Wang Xiaoke,Ouyang Zhiyun,et al.Research on variations of asphalt felt roof runoff pollutant concentrations during the rainfall[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(4):601-606
27周冰，张千千，缪丽萍，等．不同使用年限沥青屋面降雨径流特征研究[J]．环境科学与技术，2016,39(增刊1):236-242Zhou Bing,Zhang Qianqian,Miao Liping,et al.Research on the characterization of runoff on asphalt roofs of different building times[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(S1):236-242
28国家环境保护总局．水和废水监测分析方法[M]．北京:中国环境出版社，2002State Environment Protection Agency of China.Methods of monitoring and analysis for water and wastewater[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002
29车伍，张伟，李俊奇．城市初期雨水和初期冲刷问题剖析[J]．中国给水排水，2011,27(14):9-14Che Wu,Zhang Wei,Li Junqi.Analysis of urban initial rainwater and first flush[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(14):9-14
30李田，钱静，沈军，等．合肥市排水系统雨天出流水质监测与分析[J]．给水排水，2014,50(2):40-44Li Tian,Qian Jing,Shen Jun,et al.Monitoring and analysis of water quality of wet weather flow from drainage systems in Hefei[J].Water&Wastewater,2014,50(2):40-44
31 Deletic A.The first flush load of urban surface runoff[J].Water Research,1998,32(8):2462-2470
32李贺，李田，李彩艳．上海市文教区屋面径流水质特性研究[J]．环境科学，2008,29(1):47-51Li He,Li Tian,Li Caiyan.Research on the characteristics of urban roof runoff in Shanghai cultural and educational area[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(1):47-51
2 Burton Jr G A,Pitt R.Stormwater effects handbook:a toolbox for watershed managers,scientists,and engineers[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2001
3张伟，车伍．海绵城市建设内涵与多视角解析[J]．水资源保护，2016,32(6):19-26Zhang Wei,Che Wu.Connotation and multi-angle analysis of sponge city construction[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(6):19-26
4 Brombach H,Weiss G,Fuchs S.A new database on urban runoff pollution:Comparison of separate and combined sewer systems[J].Water Science and Technology,2005,51(2):119-128
5 Lye D J.Rooftop runoff as a source of contamination:a review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(21):5429-5434
6 Gilbert J K,Clausen J C.Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from asphalt,paver,and crushed stone driveways in connecticut[J].Water Research,2006,40(4):826-832
7 Gikas G D,Tsihrintzis V A.Assessment of water quality of first-flush roof runoff and harvested rainwater[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,466:115-126
8车伍，刘燕，李俊奇．国内外城市雨水水质及污染控制[J]．给水排水，2003(10):38-42Che Wu,Liu Yan,Li Junqi.Urban rainwater quality and pollution control at home and abroad[J].Water&Wastewater,2003(10):38-42
9何茜．海绵城市雨洪控制中雨水径流水质变化规律分析[J]．科学技术与工程，2017,17(5):321-325He Qian.Sponge urban flood control in the rain the rain runoff water quality variation analysis[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(5):321-325
10董欣，杜鹏飞，李志一，等．城市降雨屋面、路面径流水文水质特征研究[J]．环境科学，2008,29(3):607-612Dong Xin,Du Pengfei,Li Zhiyi,et al.Hydrology and pollution characteristics of urban runoff:Beijing as a sample[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(3):607-612
11张凡，董志龙，王宝山．建筑屋顶雨水径流初期冲刷效应研究[J]．环境污染与防治，2011,33(6):32-35Zhang Fan,Dong Zhilong,Wang Baoshan.Study on first flush effect of rainwater runoff from building roofs[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2011,33(6):32-35
12任玉芬，王效科，欧阳志云，等．北京城市典型下垫面降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应分析[J]．环境科学，2013,34(1):373-378Ren Yufen,Wang Xiaoke,Ouyang Zhiyun,et al.Analysis of first flush effect of typical underlying surface runoff in Beijing urban city[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(1):373-378
13李春林，刘淼，胡远满，等．沈阳市降雨径流初期冲刷效应[J]．生态学报，2013,33(18):5952-5961Li Chunlin,Liu Miao,Hu Yuanman,et al.Analysis of first flush in rainfall runoff in Shenyang urban city[J].Acta Ecologica Sinca,2013,33(18):5952-5961
14黄国如，陈子宇．广州校园区降雨径流污染的初期冲刷效应[J]．华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2013,41(12):29-35Huang Guoru,Chen Ziyu.First flush effect of urban rainfall runoff pollution from campus in Guangzhou,China[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2013,41(12):29-35
15周栋，陈振楼，毕春娟．温州城市降雨径流磷的负荷及其初始冲刷效应[J]．环境科学，2012,33(8):2634-2643Zhou Dong,Chen Zhenlou,Bi Chunjuan.Pollution load and the first flush effect of phosphorus in urban runoff of Wenzhou city[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(8):2634-2643
16谢继锋，胡志新，徐挺，等．合肥市不同下垫面降雨径流水质特征分析[J]．中国环境科学，2012,32(6):1018-1025Xie Jifeng,Hu Zhixin,Xu Ting,et al.Water quality characteristic of rainfall runoff in Hefei city[J].China Environmental,2012,32(6):1018-1025
17武俊良，任玉芬，王雪梅，等．城市典型屋面径流的排污特征[J]．环境工程学报，2016,10(8):4351-4356Wu Junliang,Ren Yufen,Wang Xuemei,et al.Pollution wash-off characterization in urban typical roof stormwater[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(8):4351-4356
18张科峰，李贺，傅大放，等．三种不同屋面雨水径流重金属污染特性及影响因素分析[J]．环境科学学报，2011,31(4):724-730Zhang Kefeng,Li He,Fu Dafang,et al.Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in runoff from three different types of roofs[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(4):724-730
19王闪，李敏，张立秋．不同屋面材料径流过程中重金属的污染特征[J]．城市环境与城市生态，2015,28(3):35-38Wang Shan,Li Min,Zhang Liqiu.Characteristics analysis of heavy metal pollution in runoff from different type of roof[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2015,28(3):35-38
20吴亚刚，陈莹，陈望，等．西安市某文教区典型下垫面径流污染特征[J]．中国环境科学，2018,38(8):3104-3112Wu Yagang,Chen Ying,Chen Wang,et al.Characteristics of runoff pollution of different underlying surfaces in typical cultural and educational area of Xi'an[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):3104-3112
21边博．前期晴天时间对城市降雨径流污染水质的影响[J]．环境科学，2009,30(12):3522-3526Bian Bo.Effect of antecedent dry period on water quality of urban storm runoff pollution[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(12):3522-3526
22刘大喜，李倩倩，李铁龙，等．北方沿海城市屋面雨水径流水质及影响因素[J]．环境科学与技术，2016,39(12):100-105Liu Daxi,Li Qianqian,Li Tielong,et al.Study on characteristics of roof runoff water quality in the northern coastal city and its influencing factors[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(12):100-105
23张千千，王效科，郝丽岭，等．重庆市不同材质屋面径流水质特性[J]．环境科学研究，2012,25(5):579-586Zhang Qianqian,Wang Xiaoke,Hao Liling,et al.Characteristics of runoff from different material roofs in Chongqing urban area[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2012,25(5):579-586
24杨龙，孙长虹，王旭，等．不同屋面类型径流污染特征研究[J]．环境科学与管理，2014,39(12):34-37,67Yang Long,Sun Changhong,Wang Xun,et al.Study on runoff pollution characteristics of different roof types[J].Environmental Science and Management,2014,39(12):34-37,67
25龙剑波，李兴扬，王书敏，等．城市区域不同屋顶降雨径流水质特征[J]．环境工程学报，2014,8(7):2895-2900Long Jianbo,Li Xingyang,Wang Shumin,et al.Water quality of stormwater runoff from different roofs in urban region[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(7):2895-2900
26任玉芬，王效科，欧阳志云，等．沥青油毡屋面降雨径流污染物浓度历时变化研究[J]．环境科学学报，2006,26(4):601-606Ren Yufen,Wang Xiaoke,Ouyang Zhiyun,et al.Research on variations of asphalt felt roof runoff pollutant concentrations during the rainfall[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(4):601-606
27周冰，张千千，缪丽萍，等．不同使用年限沥青屋面降雨径流特征研究[J]．环境科学与技术，2016,39(增刊1):236-242Zhou Bing,Zhang Qianqian,Miao Liping,et al.Research on the characterization of runoff on asphalt roofs of different building times[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(S1):236-242
28国家环境保护总局．水和废水监测分析方法[M]．北京:中国环境出版社，2002State Environment Protection Agency of China.Methods of monitoring and analysis for water and wastewater[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002
29车伍，张伟，李俊奇．城市初期雨水和初期冲刷问题剖析[J]．中国给水排水，2011,27(14):9-14Che Wu,Zhang Wei,Li Junqi.Analysis of urban initial rainwater and first flush[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(14):9-14
30李田，钱静，沈军，等．合肥市排水系统雨天出流水质监测与分析[J]．给水排水，2014,50(2):40-44Li Tian,Qian Jing,Shen Jun,et al.Monitoring and analysis of water quality of wet weather flow from drainage systems in Hefei[J].Water&Wastewater,2014,50(2):40-44
31 Deletic A.The first flush load of urban surface runoff[J].Water Research,1998,32(8):2462-2470
32李贺，李田，李彩艳．上海市文教区屋面径流水质特性研究[J]．环境科学，2008,29(1):47-51Li He,Li Tian,Li Caiyan.Research on the characteristics of urban roof runoff in Shanghai cultural and educational area[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(1):47-51