长株潭地区5种母质发育水稻土锌和铜及镍元素剖面分布特征
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摘要
以长株潭地区5种母质发育的水稻土,即河沙泥、红黄泥、黄泥田、麻沙泥和紫泥田为研究对象,按土壤系统分类原则挖掘典型剖面24个及剖面土样137个,分析测定了土壤全量和有效态铜、锌、镍含量以及土壤pH值、颗粒分级组成、有机质、游离氧化铁含量,研究水稻土铜、锌、镍元素的剖面分布特征以及与土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明:剖面各层土壤全铜、全锌含量平均值随剖面加深逐渐降低,耕作层、犁底层、底土层全铜含量分别为26.82、21.54、18.54 mg/kg,全锌含量分别为75.84、66.00、63.19 mg/kg,全镍含量分别为18.40、17.50、18.23 mg/kg;土壤铜、锌、镍有效态含量平均值随剖面加深均逐渐降低,耕作层、犁底层、底土层有效铜含量分别为4.04、2.99、1.29 mg/kg,有效锌含量分别为4.77、2.76、1.14 mg/kg,有效镍含量分别为0.54、0.44、0.23mg/kg;黄泥田的全量和有效态铜、锌、镍含量均较高,麻沙泥的较低;土壤有机质含量是决定土壤有效态铜、锌、镍含量的主要因子,土壤游离氧化铁含量是决定土壤全铜、全镍含量的主要因子,全锌含量与土壤pH值、颗粒分级组成、有机质、游离氧化铁含量均无显著相关性。总体上,长株潭地区水稻土0～25 cm土体以及部分剖面土壤全层有效态铜和锌含量高于临界值(铜1.5 mg/kg、锌0.5 mg/kg),呈盈余状态,可满足浅根或中根作物对铜、锌的需求。
Based on the soil classification,24 typical sections and 137 soil samples were excavated from the paddy soils in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area of Hunan typical parent material distribution area,namely,alluvial sandy soil,reddish yellow clayey soil,yellow clayey soil,granitic sandy soil and purple clayey soil.The physical and chemical properties of soil Cu,Zn,Ni,pH,particle classification composition,organic matter and free iron oxide were detected and analyzed,with a focus on the contents and distribution characteristics of Cu,Zn and Ni in paddy soil and their relationship.The results showed the average contents of total copper and zinc in each layer of the section decreased with the depth of the section.The total copper contents of the soil were 26.82,21.54,18.54 mg/kg,the total zinc contents were75.84,66.00,63.19 mg/kg,and the total nickel contents were 18.40,17.50,18.23 mg/kg,respectively.The average contents of effective elements in soil decreased sequentially over the depth of the profile.The average contents of cultivated layer,the bottom layer and bottom soil layer were 4.04,2.99,1.29 mg/kg of effective copper,4.77,2.76,1.14 mg/kg of effective nickel,0.54,0.44,0.23 mg/kg of effective nickel.The content of soil elements was higher in yellow clayey soil and lower in granitic sandy soil.The content of soil organic matter was the main soil factor to determine the available contents of Cu,Zn,Ni in soil.The content of free iron oxide in soil was the main soil factor that determined the contents of total Cu and total Ni in soil.There was no significant correlation between total Zn content and soil pH value,particle composition,organic matter and free iron oxide content.In overview,the Cu and Zn contents of paddy soil at0-25 cm and the sections of paddy soil in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area were higher than the critical values(Cu 1.5 mg/kg,Zn 0.5 mg/kg),which could meet the demand of shallow or middle root crops for copper and zinc.
Based on the soil classification,24 typical sections and 137 soil samples were excavated from the paddy soils in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area of Hunan typical parent material distribution area,namely,alluvial sandy soil,reddish yellow clayey soil,yellow clayey soil,granitic sandy soil and purple clayey soil.The physical and chemical properties of soil Cu,Zn,Ni,pH,particle classification composition,organic matter and free iron oxide were detected and analyzed,with a focus on the contents and distribution characteristics of Cu,Zn and Ni in paddy soil and their relationship.The results showed the average contents of total copper and zinc in each layer of the section decreased with the depth of the section.The total copper contents of the soil were 26.82,21.54,18.54 mg/kg,the total zinc contents were75.84,66.00,63.19 mg/kg,and the total nickel contents were 18.40,17.50,18.23 mg/kg,respectively.The average contents of effective elements in soil decreased sequentially over the depth of the profile.The average contents of cultivated layer,the bottom layer and bottom soil layer were 4.04,2.99,1.29 mg/kg of effective copper,4.77,2.76,1.14 mg/kg of effective nickel,0.54,0.44,0.23 mg/kg of effective nickel.The content of soil elements was higher in yellow clayey soil and lower in granitic sandy soil.The content of soil organic matter was the main soil factor to determine the available contents of Cu,Zn,Ni in soil.The content of free iron oxide in soil was the main soil factor that determined the contents of total Cu and total Ni in soil.There was no significant correlation between total Zn content and soil pH value,particle composition,organic matter and free iron oxide content.In overview,the Cu and Zn contents of paddy soil at0-25 cm and the sections of paddy soil in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan area were higher than the critical values(Cu 1.5 mg/kg,Zn 0.5 mg/kg),which could meet the demand of shallow or middle root crops for copper and zinc.
引文
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[18]宫彦章,刘月秀,刘姝媛,等.广东省林地土壤有效态锌、镉含量及其与有机质和pH的关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2011,32(1):15-18.
[19]张永娥,王瑞良,靳绍菊.土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素的研究[J].土壤肥料,2005(5):35-37.
[2]ZHANG X P,DENG W,YANG X M.The background concentrations of 13 soil trace elements and their relationships to parent materials and vegetation in Xizang(Tibet),China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,21(2):167-174.
[3]张会民,吕家珑,徐明岗,等.土壤性质对锌吸附影响的研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5):114-118.
[4]王峰,陈玉真,单睿阳,等.大田县茶园土壤和茶叶中锌含量及影响因素分析[J].茶叶学报,2017,58(4):179-183.
[5]HUANG R Q,GAO S F,WANG W L,et al.Soil arsenic availability and the transfer of soil arsenic to crops in suburban areas in Fujian Province,southeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,368(2/3):531-541.
[6]黄晓伦.长株潭城郊土壤及主要蔬菜重金属污染情况研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.
[7]张莎娜.长株潭地区农田土壤重金属污染状况及植物修复技术初探[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2014.
[8]彭向阳,刘勇.省政府部署重金属污染耕地修复与种植结构调整:长株潭170万亩耕地首批试点[N].湖南日报,2014-07-10(02).
[9]周伟军,王翠红.石敏,等.不同母质发育土壤添加砷对水稻生长发育的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,44(4):410-405,417.
[10]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[11]土壤卷编写组.中国农业百科全书(土壤卷)[M].北京:农业出版社,1996.
[12]郝立波,董菁,赵玉岩,等.吉林省中部地区花岗质岩石风化地球化学特征[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(5):1442-1447.
[13]李泽鸿,赵兰坡,杨志超.吉林省中部不同亚类、不同母质黑土中铜、锌的分布变化规律[J].吉林农业科学,2003,28(2):28-31.
[14]徐俊祥,董文瑞.永久性及长期渍水的水稻土中铜的供给情况和铜肥的效果[J].土壤学报,1989,26(2):149-158.
[15]刘铮.中国土壤微量元素[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1996.
[16]于青漪.大围山山地土壤中铜锌锰镍铅含量变化及其分布特征[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[17]孙花,谭长银,黄道友,等.土壤有机质对土壤重金属积累、有效性及形态的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2011,34(4):82-87.
[18]宫彦章,刘月秀,刘姝媛,等.广东省林地土壤有效态锌、镉含量及其与有机质和pH的关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2011,32(1):15-18.
[19]张永娥,王瑞良,靳绍菊.土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素的研究[J].土壤肥料,2005(5):35-37.
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