不同彩色稻品种(系)农艺性状和品质性状的比较分析
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摘要
以15个彩色稻品种(系)为试材,对其株高、穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量、糙米率、精米率、胶稠度以及直链淀粉、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、花青素含量等性状进行比较分析,以期筛选出综合性状比较优良的彩色稻材料。结果表明,参试彩色稻的株高介于92.3～150.0 cm,其中,浙大紫的株高最高,翠玉最矮;穗长介于14.0～30.6 cm,紫香521最长;穗粒数和穗数分别为48.33～178.64粒和5.0～14.6穗,分别以紫香521和绿香米最多;结实率介于45.35%～84.18%,紫香521最高;千粒质量介于15.59～28.01 g,紫红色最高;糙米率和精米率分别为74.02%～83.05%和62.42%～78.60%,黄香米的糙米率和精米率均比较高;垩白度介于0.30%～55.80%,浙大黄的垩白度最小,紫红色最大;碱消值介于2.2～4.8,浙大银最大;胶稠度为72.87～174.93 mm,秦稻2号最大;直链淀粉含量为14.61%～25.73%,其中,翠玉的最高,而黄香米最低;可溶性蛋白含量介于1.43%～1.81%,绿香米最高;维生素C含量介于0.054～0.125 mg/kg,浙大黄最高;花青素含量介于0.030～0.258 mg/g,浙大紫糯最高。利用线性比例变换法对农艺性状和品质性状指标数据进行标准化处理,然后利用加权分析得出不同彩色稻品种(系)的综合排名:浙大紫糯>紫香521>浙大黄>秦稻2号>浙大紫>翠玉>紫金稻>洋黑3号>红香米>紫金黄叶>浙大粉彩禾>绿香米>黄香米>浙大银>紫红色。
Using fifteen pigmented rice varieties(lines) as research materials,their agronomic and quality traits including plant height,panicle number,grain number per panicle,thousand-seed weight,brown and polished rice percentage,gel consistency,as well as the contents of amylose,soluble protein,vitamin C and anthocyanin were analyzed and compared,so as to screen out pigmented rice with excellent comprehensive characters.The results showed that the plant height of pigmented rice ranged from 92.3 cm to 150.0 cm,Zhedazi and Cuiyu had the highest and lowest plant height,respectively;the panicle length ranged from 14.0 cm to 30.6 cm,Zixiang 521 had the longest panicle length;the grain number per panicle and panicle number were 48.33—178.64 and 5.0—14.6,respectively,Zixiang 521 and Lüxiangmi had the highest grain number per panicle and panicle number,respectively;seed setting rate of pigmented rice ranged from 45.35% to 84.18%,Zixiang 521 had the highest value;the thousand-seed weight varied from 15.59 g to 28.01 g,Zihongse had the highest value;the brown and polished rice rates were 74.02%—83.05% and 62.42%—78.60%,respectively,Huangxiangmi had higher brown and polished rice rates;the chalkiness degree ranged from 0.30% to 55.80%,Zhedahuang had the smallest value,Zihongse had the highest value;the alkali digestion value ranged from 2.2 to 4.8,Zhedayin had the highest value; the gel consistency varied from 72.87 cm to 174.93 mm,Qindao No.2 had the highest value;the amylose content ranged from 14.61% to 25.73%,Cuiyu had the highest value,and Huangxiangmi had the lowest value;the soluble protein content ranged from 1.43% to 1.81%,Lüxiangmi had the highest value;the vitamin C content ranged from 0.054 mg/kg to 0.125 mg/kg,Zhedahuang had the highest value; anthocyanin content ranged from 0.030 mg/g to 0.258 mg/g,Zhedazinuo had the highest value.Finally,a linear scaling transformation method was utilized to standardize the data of agronomic and quality traits,and the comprehensive ranking was Zhedazinuo>Zixiang 521>Zhedahuang>Qindao No.2>Zhedazi>Cuiyu>Zijindao>Yanghei No.3>Hongxiangmi>Zijinhuangye>Zhedafencaihe>Lüxiangmi>Huangxiangmi>Zhedayin>Zihongse through weighted analysis.
Using fifteen pigmented rice varieties(lines) as research materials,their agronomic and quality traits including plant height,panicle number,grain number per panicle,thousand-seed weight,brown and polished rice percentage,gel consistency,as well as the contents of amylose,soluble protein,vitamin C and anthocyanin were analyzed and compared,so as to screen out pigmented rice with excellent comprehensive characters.The results showed that the plant height of pigmented rice ranged from 92.3 cm to 150.0 cm,Zhedazi and Cuiyu had the highest and lowest plant height,respectively;the panicle length ranged from 14.0 cm to 30.6 cm,Zixiang 521 had the longest panicle length;the grain number per panicle and panicle number were 48.33—178.64 and 5.0—14.6,respectively,Zixiang 521 and Lüxiangmi had the highest grain number per panicle and panicle number,respectively;seed setting rate of pigmented rice ranged from 45.35% to 84.18%,Zixiang 521 had the highest value;the thousand-seed weight varied from 15.59 g to 28.01 g,Zihongse had the highest value;the brown and polished rice rates were 74.02%—83.05% and 62.42%—78.60%,respectively,Huangxiangmi had higher brown and polished rice rates;the chalkiness degree ranged from 0.30% to 55.80%,Zhedahuang had the smallest value,Zihongse had the highest value;the alkali digestion value ranged from 2.2 to 4.8,Zhedayin had the highest value; the gel consistency varied from 72.87 cm to 174.93 mm,Qindao No.2 had the highest value;the amylose content ranged from 14.61% to 25.73%,Cuiyu had the highest value,and Huangxiangmi had the lowest value;the soluble protein content ranged from 1.43% to 1.81%,Lüxiangmi had the highest value;the vitamin C content ranged from 0.054 mg/kg to 0.125 mg/kg,Zhedahuang had the highest value; anthocyanin content ranged from 0.030 mg/g to 0.258 mg/g,Zhedazinuo had the highest value.Finally,a linear scaling transformation method was utilized to standardize the data of agronomic and quality traits,and the comprehensive ranking was Zhedazinuo>Zixiang 521>Zhedahuang>Qindao No.2>Zhedazi>Cuiyu>Zijindao>Yanghei No.3>Hongxiangmi>Zijinhuangye>Zhedafencaihe>Lüxiangmi>Huangxiangmi>Zhedayin>Zihongse through weighted analysis.
引文
[1] 马挺军,任贵兴.色稻功能成分研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):61-66.
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[3] SANGHAMITRA P,SAH R P,BAGCHI T B,et al.Evaluation of variability and environmental stability of grain quality and agronomic parameters of pigmented rice (O.sativa L.)[J].J Food Sci Technol,2018,55(3):879-890.
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[7] 岳玉峰,李广和,姜洪涛.色稻的研究与开发[J].北方水稻,2009,39(2):78-80.
[8] 郭咏梅,段延碧,李少明,等.有色稻米Fe、Zn、Cu和Mn含量及与种皮颜色相关分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(6):971-974,981.
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[13] 郑金贵,王金英,蒋家焕,等.三种色稻不同品种的米糠和精米中六种矿物元素含量的研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(5):382-385.
[14] 浦田惠子,潘燕,赵元凤,等.彩色稻新品种(组合)试验种植结果初报[J].北方水稻,2018,48(4):19-23.
[15] 周颂东,汤泽生,赵国铭,等.四个色稻品系的品质性状分析[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(2):203-206.
[16] 张名位.特种稻米及其加工技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:34-89.
[17] 段彬伍,朱智伟,方长云,等.米质测定方法:NY/T 83—2017[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:3-4.
[18] 段彬伍,孙成效,朱智伟,等.稻米直链淀粉的测定分光光度法:NY/T 2639—2014[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2014:1-2.
[19] 赵芸卉,李海洋,徐姗娜,等.洋县五彩稻米的营养成分测定[J].现代农业科技,2016(12):289-290.
[20] 王少波,杜永峰,姚秉华.pH示差法测定黑豆皮中的花青素[J].化学分析计量,2008,17(1):46-47,49.
[21] 黎杰强,朱碧岩,陈敏清.特种稻米营养分析[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005(1):95-98,122.
[22] 库尔班江,赛丽曼.碘量法测水果蔬菜中维生素C的含量[J].伊犁师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007(3):28-32.
[23] 段骅,苏京平,傅亮,等.耐热耐旱性不同水稻品种的农艺和生理性状[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1658-1668.
[24] 周云,张守文.“特种稻米”功能特性及其开发利用[J].粮食与油脂,2002(7):36-38.
[25] 丁焱.维生素C的功能和应用[J].宿州师专学报,2002,17(3):61-62.
[26] 马静,陈起萱,凌文华.红黑米的保健功效研究[J].食品科学,2000,21(12):139-140.
[27] PAIVA F F,VANIER N L,BERRIOS J D E J,et al.Polishing and parboiling effect on the nutritional and technological properties of pigmented rice[J].Food Chem,2016,191:105-112.
[28] 施洪飞,曹晖,陆广念,等.鸭血糯相关保健功效实验研究[J].食品科学,2001,22(1):75-77.
[29] 孙晓伟,袁朝琪,李国莹,等.黑加仑果酒花青素测定方法的确定及营养成分分析[J].工业微生物,2015,45(6):21-25.
[30] 高媛,齐晓花,杨景华,等.高等植物对低温胁迫的响应研究[J].北方园艺,2007(10):58-61.
[2] DENG G F,XU X R,ZHANG Y,et al.Phenolic compounds and bioactivities of pigmented rice[J].Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,2013,53(3):296-306.
[3] SANGHAMITRA P,SAH R P,BAGCHI T B,et al.Evaluation of variability and environmental stability of grain quality and agronomic parameters of pigmented rice (O.sativa L.)[J].J Food Sci Technol,2018,55(3):879-890.
[4] SHAO Y,HU Z,YU Y,et al.Phenolic acids,anthocyanins,proanthocyanidins,antioxidant activity,minerals and their correlations in non-pigmented,red,and black rice[J].Food Chem,2018,239:733-741.
[5] KAUR P,SINGH N,PAL P,et al.Variation in composition,protein and pasting characteristics of different pigmented and non pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in Indian Himalayan region[J].J Food Sci Technol,2018,55(9):3809-3820.
[6] 梁康迳,林文雄,陈志雄,等.不同生境下水稻稻米品质因子分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(2):25-28.
[7] 岳玉峰,李广和,姜洪涛.色稻的研究与开发[J].北方水稻,2009,39(2):78-80.
[8] 郭咏梅,段延碧,李少明,等.有色稻米Fe、Zn、Cu和Mn含量及与种皮颜色相关分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(6):971-974,981.
[9] 戴蕴青,何计国,袁芳,等.五彩米营养成分分析与评价[J].中国粮油学报,2006,21(1):20-23.
[10] 杨刚华,陈海含,王艳红,等.娄底市2013年彩色稻新品种比较试验初报[J].作物研究,2014,28(2):141-142.
[11] 阳树英,邹应斌,刘少坤,等.彩色稻含氮化合物与可溶性糖含量的比较研究[J].中国稻米,2015,21(2):8-12.
[12] 顾朝剑,杨海泉,蒋卫利,等.不同颜色水稻品种的总蛋白、可溶性蛋白含量分析[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(3):1035-1042.
[13] 郑金贵,王金英,蒋家焕,等.三种色稻不同品种的米糠和精米中六种矿物元素含量的研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(5):382-385.
[14] 浦田惠子,潘燕,赵元凤,等.彩色稻新品种(组合)试验种植结果初报[J].北方水稻,2018,48(4):19-23.
[15] 周颂东,汤泽生,赵国铭,等.四个色稻品系的品质性状分析[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(2):203-206.
[16] 张名位.特种稻米及其加工技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:34-89.
[17] 段彬伍,朱智伟,方长云,等.米质测定方法:NY/T 83—2017[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:3-4.
[18] 段彬伍,孙成效,朱智伟,等.稻米直链淀粉的测定分光光度法:NY/T 2639—2014[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2014:1-2.
[19] 赵芸卉,李海洋,徐姗娜,等.洋县五彩稻米的营养成分测定[J].现代农业科技,2016(12):289-290.
[20] 王少波,杜永峰,姚秉华.pH示差法测定黑豆皮中的花青素[J].化学分析计量,2008,17(1):46-47,49.
[21] 黎杰强,朱碧岩,陈敏清.特种稻米营养分析[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005(1):95-98,122.
[22] 库尔班江,赛丽曼.碘量法测水果蔬菜中维生素C的含量[J].伊犁师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007(3):28-32.
[23] 段骅,苏京平,傅亮,等.耐热耐旱性不同水稻品种的农艺和生理性状[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(10):1658-1668.
[24] 周云,张守文.“特种稻米”功能特性及其开发利用[J].粮食与油脂,2002(7):36-38.
[25] 丁焱.维生素C的功能和应用[J].宿州师专学报,2002,17(3):61-62.
[26] 马静,陈起萱,凌文华.红黑米的保健功效研究[J].食品科学,2000,21(12):139-140.
[27] PAIVA F F,VANIER N L,BERRIOS J D E J,et al.Polishing and parboiling effect on the nutritional and technological properties of pigmented rice[J].Food Chem,2016,191:105-112.
[28] 施洪飞,曹晖,陆广念,等.鸭血糯相关保健功效实验研究[J].食品科学,2001,22(1):75-77.
[29] 孙晓伟,袁朝琪,李国莹,等.黑加仑果酒花青素测定方法的确定及营养成分分析[J].工业微生物,2015,45(6):21-25.
[30] 高媛,齐晓花,杨景华,等.高等植物对低温胁迫的响应研究[J].北方园艺,2007(10):58-61.