长江口及其邻近海域生态环境综合评价
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摘要
基于1984—2015年监测数据,给出长江口及其邻近海域无机氮和活性磷酸盐长时间序列的变化趋势,确定了营养盐的基准年是1987年,基准值分别是0.0705 mg/L和0.000751 mg/L。结合频数分析方法,无机氮的分区阈值为0.339 mg/L和1.15 mg/L,活性磷酸盐的分区阈值为0.0289 mg/L和0.0530 mg/L,研究区域可划分为三大分区:口内区、过渡区和口外区;结合生态红线、污染源等具有开发管理属性的分布,最终将研究区域分为8个评价单元。提出了水质环境、沉积物环境、生物生态三类三级评价指标体系,建立了海洋生态环境综合评价方法。水质环境的区域分布与生物生态相似:口内区域较差,口外区域向海逐渐趋好;沉积物环境特征:南支、北支和北港的沉积物质量略好于口外区域,口外区域好于南北槽分区和杭州湾北部。生态环境综合状况由差向好的区域变化为:Ⅳ区<Ⅴ区<Ⅲ区<Ⅰ区<Ⅱ区<Ⅵ区<Ⅷ区<Ⅶ区;随时间有向好趋势。
Based on monitoring data from 1984 to 2015, we report a trend analysis of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO4-P) in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent area; the reference year of nutrients was determined to be 1987, and recommended reference values were 0.0705 and 0.000751 mg/L for DIN and PO4-P, respectively. Then, frequency analyses were combined to produce the partition thresholds of 0.339 and 1.15 mg/L for DIN, and those of 0.0289 and 0.0530 mg/L for PO4-P. Thus, the study area could be partitioned into three subareas: the inner area of the mouth, transition area, and outer area of the mouth. Considering the distributions of the ecological red line area and pollution sources, the study area was divided into eight comprehensive subzones. An integrated evaluation of the marine ecological environment was developed based on the index system method, which was composed of marine water, surface sediment, and biological diversity. The distribution of the marine water environment was similar to that of the biological and ecological characteristics; environmental indices improved from the inside to outside area. South Branch/North Branch/North Port was slightly better than the outside area where the sediment indices were higher than those of Hangzhou Bay/North Channel/South Channel. The distribution of the marine integrated environment was as follows: subzone IV < subzone V< subzone III < subzone I < subzone II < subzone VI < subzone VIII < subzone VII, which indicated that the integrated environment was obviously improving with time.
Based on monitoring data from 1984 to 2015, we report a trend analysis of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO4-P) in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent area; the reference year of nutrients was determined to be 1987, and recommended reference values were 0.0705 and 0.000751 mg/L for DIN and PO4-P, respectively. Then, frequency analyses were combined to produce the partition thresholds of 0.339 and 1.15 mg/L for DIN, and those of 0.0289 and 0.0530 mg/L for PO4-P. Thus, the study area could be partitioned into three subareas: the inner area of the mouth, transition area, and outer area of the mouth. Considering the distributions of the ecological red line area and pollution sources, the study area was divided into eight comprehensive subzones. An integrated evaluation of the marine ecological environment was developed based on the index system method, which was composed of marine water, surface sediment, and biological diversity. The distribution of the marine water environment was similar to that of the biological and ecological characteristics; environmental indices improved from the inside to outside area. South Branch/North Branch/North Port was slightly better than the outside area where the sediment indices were higher than those of Hangzhou Bay/North Channel/South Channel. The distribution of the marine integrated environment was as follows: subzone IV < subzone V< subzone III < subzone I < subzone II < subzone VI < subzone VIII < subzone VII, which indicated that the integrated environment was obviously improving with time.
引文
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[9] 刘录三,孟伟,田自强,蔡玉林.长江口及毗邻海域大型底栖动物的空间分布与历史演变.生态学报,2008,28(7):3027- 3034.
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[15] 范海梅,高秉博,余江,刘志国.上海海域营养盐趋势与长江排海量相关性研究.上海环境科学,2015,34(1):1- 6.
[16] 韩秀荣,王修林,孙霞,石晓勇,祝陈坚,张传松,陆茸.东海近海海域营养盐分布特征及其与赤潮发生关系的初步研究.应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1097- 1101.
[17] 全为民,沈新强,韩金娣,陈亚瞿.长江口及邻近水域富营养化现状及变化趋势的评价与分析.海洋环境科学,2005,24(3):13- 16.
[18] 黄尚高,杨嘉东,暨卫东,杨绪琳,陈国祥.长江口水体活性硅、氮、磷含量的时空变化及相互关系.台湾海峡,1986,5(2):114- 123.
[19] 杨晓兰,林以安,张健.长江口邻近海域的环境水化学特征.东海海洋,1989,7(2):60- 65.
[20] 李丹.中国东部若干入海河流水化学特征与入海通量研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
[21] 方倩.东海主要化学污染物来源和近30年排海通量变化规律研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[22] 黄秀清,齐平,秦渭华,曹维,蒋晓山,刘莲,蔡燕红.象山港海洋生态环境评价方法研究.海洋学报,2015,37(8):63- 75.
[23] 范海梅,李丙瑞,徐韧,李亿红,叶属峰.基于综合指数法的长江口及其邻近海域水质环境综合评价.海洋学研究,2011,29(3):169- 175.
[24] 范海梅,徐韧,李丙瑞,李志恩.基于关键要素分布特征的长江口及其邻近海域分区研究.海洋学研究,2011,29(4):50- 56.
[25] 孙毅,母清林,佘运勇,王剑,王艳华.长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价.浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2011,30(2):107- 112.
[26] 陈沈良,严肃庄,李玉中.长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物分布特征.长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):152- 156.
[27] 郑丙辉.入海河口区营养盐基准确定方法研究——以长江口为例.北京:科学出版社,2013:123- 182.
[28] 张丽旭,蒋晓山,赵敏,李志恩.长江口海域表层沉积物污染及其潜在生态风险评价.生态环境,2007,16(2):389- 393.
[29] 王丽萍,周晓蔚,郑丙辉,付青.长江口及毗邻海域沉积物生态环境质量评价.生态学报,2008,28(5):2191- 2198.
[2] Kitsiou D,Karydis M.Coastal marine eutrophication assessment:a review on data analysis.Environment International,2011,37(4):778- 801.
[3] Karydis M,Kitsiou D.Eutrophication and environmental policy in the Mediterranean Sea:a review.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(8):4931- 4984.
[4] 陈吉余,陈沈良.长江口生态环境变化及对河口治理的意见.水利水电技术,2003,34(1):19- 25.
[5] OSPAR.Second OSPAR integrated report on the Eutrophication status of the OSPAR maritime area.The OSPAR Commission,Eutrophication Series,London,2008.[2018-03- 26].https://www.ospar.org/documents?v=7107.
[6] Office of Water,Office of Science and Technology.Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual Estuarine and Coastal Marine Waters (EPA- 822-B-01-003).Washington DC:United States Environment Protection Agency,2001.[2017-08- 26].https://www.epa.gov/nutrient-policy-data/criteria-development-guidance-estuarine-and-coastal-waters.
[7] Tarazona J V,Fresno A,Aycard S,Ramos C,Vega M M,Carbonell G.Assessing the potential hazard of chemical substances for the terrestrial environment.Development of hazard classification criteria and quantitative environmental indicators.Science of the Total Environment,2000,247(2/3):151- 164.
[8] Ren J,Gao B B,Fan H M,Zhang Z H,Zhang Y,Wang J F.Assessment of pollutant mean concentrations in the Yangtze estuary based on MSN theory.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2016,113(1/2):216- 223.
[9] 刘录三,孟伟,田自强,蔡玉林.长江口及毗邻海域大型底栖动物的空间分布与历史演变.生态学报,2008,28(7):3027- 3034.
[10] Mironova E I,Telesh I V,Skarlato S O.Ciliates in plankton of the Baltic Sea.Protistology,2014,8(3):81- 124.
[11] 王保栋,战闰,藏家业.长江口及其邻近海域营养盐的分布特征和输送途径.海洋学报,2002,24(1):53- 58.
[12] 石晓勇,王修林,韩秀荣,祝陈坚,孙霞,张传松.长江口邻近海域营养盐分布特征及其控制过程的初步研究.应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1086- 1092.
[13] 周俊丽,刘征涛,孟伟,李政,李霁.长江口营养盐浓度变化及分布特征.环境科学研究,2006,19(6):139- 144.
[14] 李峥,沈志良,周淑青,姚云.长江口及其邻近海域磷的分布变化特征.海洋科学,2007,31(1):28- 36,42- 42.
[15] 范海梅,高秉博,余江,刘志国.上海海域营养盐趋势与长江排海量相关性研究.上海环境科学,2015,34(1):1- 6.
[16] 韩秀荣,王修林,孙霞,石晓勇,祝陈坚,张传松,陆茸.东海近海海域营养盐分布特征及其与赤潮发生关系的初步研究.应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1097- 1101.
[17] 全为民,沈新强,韩金娣,陈亚瞿.长江口及邻近水域富营养化现状及变化趋势的评价与分析.海洋环境科学,2005,24(3):13- 16.
[18] 黄尚高,杨嘉东,暨卫东,杨绪琳,陈国祥.长江口水体活性硅、氮、磷含量的时空变化及相互关系.台湾海峡,1986,5(2):114- 123.
[19] 杨晓兰,林以安,张健.长江口邻近海域的环境水化学特征.东海海洋,1989,7(2):60- 65.
[20] 李丹.中国东部若干入海河流水化学特征与入海通量研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
[21] 方倩.东海主要化学污染物来源和近30年排海通量变化规律研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[22] 黄秀清,齐平,秦渭华,曹维,蒋晓山,刘莲,蔡燕红.象山港海洋生态环境评价方法研究.海洋学报,2015,37(8):63- 75.
[23] 范海梅,李丙瑞,徐韧,李亿红,叶属峰.基于综合指数法的长江口及其邻近海域水质环境综合评价.海洋学研究,2011,29(3):169- 175.
[24] 范海梅,徐韧,李丙瑞,李志恩.基于关键要素分布特征的长江口及其邻近海域分区研究.海洋学研究,2011,29(4):50- 56.
[25] 孙毅,母清林,佘运勇,王剑,王艳华.长江口及邻近海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险评价.浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2011,30(2):107- 112.
[26] 陈沈良,严肃庄,李玉中.长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物分布特征.长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):152- 156.
[27] 郑丙辉.入海河口区营养盐基准确定方法研究——以长江口为例.北京:科学出版社,2013:123- 182.
[28] 张丽旭,蒋晓山,赵敏,李志恩.长江口海域表层沉积物污染及其潜在生态风险评价.生态环境,2007,16(2):389- 393.
[29] 王丽萍,周晓蔚,郑丙辉,付青.长江口及毗邻海域沉积物生态环境质量评价.生态学报,2008,28(5):2191- 2198.