唐家河国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及多样性特征分析
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摘要
为探究四川盆地唐家河国家级自然保护区药用植物资源种类、分布状况及保护现状,为该区药用植物的有效保护和管理提供科学依据。该研究于2014至2017年采用覆盖全区的野外样线实地考察、照片收集、走访和查阅文献等方法,对唐家河自然保护区药用植物多样性进行分析。结果显示:(1)唐家河保护区药用植物130科399属602种,其中蕨类植物17科26属36种,裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物110科370属563种。在种属构成多样性上,寡种科(2～5个种)优势明显,占总科数的40.77%,共有165种,占总种数的27.41%;单种属有284属,占总属数的71.18%。(2)在生活型多样性上,草本药用植物占有明显的优势,共有450种,占总种数的74.75%。(3)全草(全株)类、根与根茎类是唐家河药用植物的主要药用部位。(4)唐家河药用植物在植物区系上表现为以温带分布为主。研究表明:唐家河保护区药用植物种类丰富,药用植物生活型、部位、功效等类型多样,具有科研、保护和利用价值。
To understand the types, distribution and protection status in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve of Sichuan Basin, we carried out a systematically investigation and hope to provide the scientific basis for effective protection and management on local medicinal plants. In this study, the diversity of medicinal plants was investigated by field survey, photo collection, questionnaire survey and literature review from 2014 to 2017. Results showed that:(1) totally 602 species of medicinal plants belonged to 399 genera and 130 families were found in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. Among them, there are 36 ferns species belonged to 26 genera and 17 families; 3 gymnosperms species belonged to 3 genera and 3 families; and 563 angiosperms species belonged to 370 genera and 110 families. Based on the diversity of species and genera, there are 165 species belonged to oligotypic family(2-5 species), which accounting for 40.77% of total number of families, and accounting for 27.41% of the total number of plant species. And 284 mono-species genera were accounting for 71.18% of the total genera.(2) Based on the diversity of life forms, herbal medicinal plants(450 species) are dominated, accounting for 74.75% of the total number of species.(3) Whole grass(whole plant), root and rhizome are the main medicinal parts of Tangjiahe Medicinal Plants.(4) The medicinal plants in Tangjiahe are mainly distributed in temperate zone. Based on these study, Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is rich in species of medicinal plants, with various types of growth types, organs, functions and flora of medicinal plants, which is valuable for scientific research, protection and utilization.
To understand the types, distribution and protection status in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve of Sichuan Basin, we carried out a systematically investigation and hope to provide the scientific basis for effective protection and management on local medicinal plants. In this study, the diversity of medicinal plants was investigated by field survey, photo collection, questionnaire survey and literature review from 2014 to 2017. Results showed that:(1) totally 602 species of medicinal plants belonged to 399 genera and 130 families were found in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. Among them, there are 36 ferns species belonged to 26 genera and 17 families; 3 gymnosperms species belonged to 3 genera and 3 families; and 563 angiosperms species belonged to 370 genera and 110 families. Based on the diversity of species and genera, there are 165 species belonged to oligotypic family(2-5 species), which accounting for 40.77% of total number of families, and accounting for 27.41% of the total number of plant species. And 284 mono-species genera were accounting for 71.18% of the total genera.(2) Based on the diversity of life forms, herbal medicinal plants(450 species) are dominated, accounting for 74.75% of the total number of species.(3) Whole grass(whole plant), root and rhizome are the main medicinal parts of Tangjiahe Medicinal Plants.(4) The medicinal plants in Tangjiahe are mainly distributed in temperate zone. Based on these study, Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is rich in species of medicinal plants, with various types of growth types, organs, functions and flora of medicinal plants, which is valuable for scientific research, protection and utilization.
引文
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[2] 朱强,王俊,郑紫燕,等.宁夏六盘山地区药用植物资源及其多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(1):23-27,38.ZHU Q,WANG J,ZHENG Z Y,et al.Medicinal plant resources and their diversity in Liupanshan of Ningxia[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(1):23-27,38.
[3] 杨淑萍,阎平,任姗姗,等.新疆北塔山地区药用植物资源及多样性分析[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(3):371-380.YANG S P,YAN P,REN S S,et al.Medicinal plant resources and their diversity in the Beita Mountains of Xinjiang[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2016,34(3):371-380.
[4] 郭巧生.药用植物资源学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[5] 张泽钧.四川唐家河国家级自然保护区生物多样性研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[6] 谭红,程跃红,乔麦菊,等.卧龙国家级自然保护区药用植物调查[J].资源与生态学报,2017,8(3):304-306.TAN H,CHENG Y H,QIAO M J,et al.Medicinal plants harvesting in Wolong National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2017,8(3):304-306.
[7] 郑成洋.福建武夷山自然保护区珍稀、濒危和特有植物及其分布[J].福建林业科技,2003,30(3):54-58.ZHENG C Y.The precious,rare,dangerous and endemic plants in Fujian Wuyishan Nature Reserve and their distribution[J].Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2003,30(3):54-58.
[8] 王晨曦,王娟,李艳艳,等.城市化进程中上海植被的多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅰ):上海佘山地区残存自然植被种子植物区系及其50年的动态变化特征[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(4):31-39.WANG C X,WANG J,LI Y Y,et al.Diversity,spatial pattern and dynamics of vegetation under urbanization in Shanghai(Ⅰ):Flora of the remnant natural vegetation and its dynamics change during past fifty years in Sheshan area of Shanghai.China[J].Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science),2008,(4):31-39.
[9] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[10] 《四川植物志》编辑委员会.四川植物志-第一卷-种子植物[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1981.
[11] 中国科学院植物研究所.中国高等植物图鉴-补编[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[12] 叶华谷,邹滨,曾飞燕,叶育石.中国药用植物[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2017.
[13] ERIC S,HARALD S,ALAN R.S,et al.A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns[J].Journal of Systematics and Evolution,2016,54(6):563-603.
[14] JAMES W.B,MARK W.C,MAARTEN J.M,et al.An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants:APG IV [J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,2016,181:1-20.
[15] 杨永.中国裸子植物的多样性和地理分布[J].生物多样性,2015,23(2):243-246.YANG Y.Diversity and distribution of gymnosperms in China[J].Biodiversity Science,2015,23(2):243-246.
[16] 肖培根.新编中药志(第3卷)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[17] 刘永新.国家药典中药实用手册[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,2011.
[18] 吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,(S4):1-139.WU Z Y.Distribution types of seed plants in China[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1991 (S4):1-139.
[19] 陈功锡,杨斌,邓涛,等.中国蕨类植物区系地理若干问题研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(10):2 130-2 136.CHEN G X,YANG B,DENG T,et al.Progress in understanding several issues of the floristic geography of the pteridophytes in China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(10):2 130-2 136.
[20] 何海,高信芬,刘庆.四川及重庆蕨类植物区系组成、特有现象和珍稀种类[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(2):181-187.HE H,GAO X F,LIU Q.Floristic composition,endemism,and rare and endangered species of pteridophytes in Sichuan including Chongqing,Southwestern China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2005,14(2):181-187.
[21] 陈景艳,邓伦秀,邹胜北.贵州蕨类植物属的分布区类型及区系特征[J].贵州林业科技,2013,41(4):19-23.CHEN J Y,DENG L X,ZOU S B.Study on the flora characteristics of fern plants in Guizhou Province[J].Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology,2013,41(4):19-23.
[22] 李学梅,陆树刚,徐成东.云南蕨类植物的物种多样性和区系组成[J].广西植物,2015,35(2):273-281.LI X M,LU S G,XU C D.Species diversity and floristic composition of the fern flora of Yunnan,China[J].Guihaia,2015,35(2):273-281.
[23] 王金虎,郝日明,汤庚国.江苏蕨类植物区系[J].云南植物研究,2007,29(2):137-144.WANG J H,HAO R M,TANG G G.Study on the pteridoflora of Jiangsu Province,East China[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2007,29(2):137-144.
[24] 张军,刘正宇,任明波,等.西南地区大巴山药用植物资源调查[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(10):894-895.ZHANG J,LIU Z Y,REN M B,et al.Medicinal plants resources investigation in Dabashan in southwest China[J].Resource Development & Market,2008,24(10):894-895.
[25] 周宜君,石莎,冯金朝.我国西南地区自然环境与药用植物多样性[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2005,14(1):44-48.ZHOU Y J,SHI S,FENG J C.Environments and biodiversities of medical plants in the South-West part of China[J].Journal of the Central University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition),2005,14(1):44-48.
[26] 刘萍,马宏玮,王掌军.我国药用植物种质资源遗传多样性及其研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2008,29(3):66-70.LIU P,MA H W,WANG Z J.Research progress on genetic diversity of germplasm resources of medicinal plants in China[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,29(3):66-70.
[27] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(三部,2010年版)[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012.
[28] 何飞,王金锡,刘兴良,等.四川卧龙自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究[J].四川林业科技,2003,24(2):12-16.HE F,WANG J X,LIU X L,et al.Studies on the pteridophytic flora of Wolong nature reserve in Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2003,24(2):12-16.
[29] 肖特,胡平,舒光明,等.四川省岳池县药用植物资源调查[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(12):110-112,115.XIAO T,HU P,SHU G M,et al.The resources survey of medicinal plants in Yuechi County of Sichuan[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(12):110-112,115.
[30] 罗建,费文群,李琴,等.西藏色季拉山野生药用植物资源多样性及其保护与利用[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(2):353-362.LUO J,FEI W Q,LI Q,et al.Diversity of medicinal plant resources and their protection and utilization in Shegyla mountains,Tibet[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(2):353-362.
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