木兰、萩芦两溪入海海域环境的年际变化与现状
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摘要
通过11年监测数据的分析,并与木兰、萩芦两溪污染源入海情况的变化相结合,评价了兴化湾木兰、萩芦两溪入海海域环境变化,同时评价了其2018年的环境质量状况,为2019年的木兰溪流域整治提供参考。评价结果:1)兴化湾两溪入海海域的环境从2008年到2018年都未见好转,主要污染物仍然是无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(DIP)。2)水环境中重金属含量均未超出标准,但2009年Hg、2018年Cu在沉积物中均超标;在重金属的环境压力方面,沉积物高于水。水和沉积物中Cu和Hg含量高于其它重金属。3)2018年两溪入海海域的海水水质100%超标,主要污染物是DIN和DIP,正对木兰溪入海口处的站点污染情况较突出,该站点水中氮和磷、沉积物中Cu均超标,所评价的其他指标均尚能满足海洋功能区划的需要。
Changes in the environment of the sea entrance areas of the Mulan River and the Qiulu River in Xinghua Bay were evaluated through the analysis of eleven years of monitoring data,combined with the changes of the pollution sources.The environmental quality in 2018 was also evaluated in order to provide reference for the remediation of the Mulan River watershed in 2019.The results of the evaluation were as follows:1) The environment of the sea entrance areas of the Mulan River and the Qiulu River in Xinghua Bay had no improvement from 2008 to 2018.DIN and DIP were still the main pollutants.2) The content of heavy metals in water environment did not exceed the standard.Hg(2009 a) and Cu(2018 a) in the sediments exceeds standard.Environmental pressure sediments of heavy metals were higher than water.Higher levels of Cu and Hg in water and sediments than other heavy metals was observed.3) The seawater quality of the sea entrance areas of both rivers exceeded the standard in 100% of the samples in 2018.The main pollutants were active phosphate and inorganic nitrogen.It was more prominent in the sea entrance area of the Mulan River.The nitrogen in the water,phosphorus and sediment in that area were all exceeding the standard,while other evaluated indicators could still meet the needs of marine functional zoning.
Changes in the environment of the sea entrance areas of the Mulan River and the Qiulu River in Xinghua Bay were evaluated through the analysis of eleven years of monitoring data,combined with the changes of the pollution sources.The environmental quality in 2018 was also evaluated in order to provide reference for the remediation of the Mulan River watershed in 2019.The results of the evaluation were as follows:1) The environment of the sea entrance areas of the Mulan River and the Qiulu River in Xinghua Bay had no improvement from 2008 to 2018.DIN and DIP were still the main pollutants.2) The content of heavy metals in water environment did not exceed the standard.Hg(2009 a) and Cu(2018 a) in the sediments exceeds standard.Environmental pressure sediments of heavy metals were higher than water.Higher levels of Cu and Hg in water and sediments than other heavy metals was observed.3) The seawater quality of the sea entrance areas of both rivers exceeded the standard in 100% of the samples in 2018.The main pollutants were active phosphate and inorganic nitrogen.It was more prominent in the sea entrance area of the Mulan River.The nitrogen in the water,phosphorus and sediment in that area were all exceeding the standard,while other evaluated indicators could still meet the needs of marine functional zoning.
引文
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[2]谢丽云.福建省2010年～2014年主要入海河流污染物入海量浅析[J].海峡科学,2015,(6):29-31,47.
[3]祝立.陆源污染物对龙江入海口水域环境质量的影响评价[J].福建水产,2006,(2):24-28.
[4]王伟力,王继纲,林彩,等.福建兴化湾中部表层海水及沉积物中重金属含量特征与生态风险评价[J].应用海洋学学报,2016,35(2):284-293.
[5]蔡玉婷,蔡建堤,陈财珍.福建兴化湾环境质量评价与分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(1):59-62.
[6]吴海燕.近岸海域生态质量状况综合评价方法及应用研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.
[7]白娅舒,蔡榕硕.兴化湾海域石油类污染状况与控制对策[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2010,5(1):56-61.
[8]马嘉蕊,邵秘华,鲍永恩,等.黄渤海辽宁省海湾的环境现状及其评价[J].环境科学研究,1995,(1):27-34.
[9]韦蔓新,何本茂.钦州湾近20a来水环境指标的变化趋势.Ⅲ.微量重金属的含量分布及其来源分析[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(1):29-32.
[10]蔡清海,杜琦,卢振彬,等.福建省主要港湾沉积物中硫化物的分布[J].台湾海峡,2004,(1):24-32.
[11]林静,陈财珍,郑盛华,等.东山湾水体和沉积物中有机碳的春夏季分布特征[J].福建水产,2013,35(5):335-342.
[12]苏妮,毕磊,郭玉龙,等.木兰溪河口及邻近海域表层沉积物稀土元素组成与物源判别[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2018,38(1):150-159.
[13]王世儒,雷伟丽.兴化湾海域泥沙特征及地形变化分析[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(8):1-5.
[14]童朝锋,王俊杰,张青.兴化湾潮汐潮流特性及工程影响分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2015,(1):53-60.
[15]高劲松,周良明.兴化湾的潮流研究[J].海岸工程,2009,28(4):1-10.
[16]钟宇,付广义,向仁军,等.湘江沉积物重金属生态风险及释放通量研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(10):3933-3940.
[17]梁宪萌.胶州湾沉积物重金属生物地球化学特征及对人类活动导致的环境演变潜在讯息解析[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2016.
①宋建忠.福建省入海河流污染物排放现状和控制对策研究[C]//中国环境科学学会.2007中国环境科学学会学术年会优秀论文集(上卷).北京:中国环境科学学会,2007:4.
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