桂林市春季气溶胶及常规气体消光特征研究
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摘要
2017年2—3月,采用黑碳仪、浊度仪和能见度仪在桂林市开展气溶胶吸收、散射等系数测量,探索该市气溶胶及气体的消光特征,并估算其对大气消光的贡献度。结果表明,桂林市春季气溶胶散射系数(σsp)范围为4. 64 Mm-1～1 264. 41 Mm-1,均值为220. 52 Mm-1,吸收系数(σap)范围为3. 66 Mm-1～120. 86 Mm-1,均值为20. 05 Mm-1。气溶胶及气体散射系数和吸收系数具有显著的双峰双谷等日变化特征,这与桂林市占比较大的旅游大巴等机动车运行时间有关。气溶胶消光系数占大气消光系数92. 65%,其中散射系数和吸收系数分别占83. 54%和9. 11%;气体消光系数占比为7. 35%。
The absorption and scattering coefficients of aerosol were measured by aethalometer,nephelometer and visibility meter from February to March,2017 in Guilin. The extinction characteristics of aerosol and gas were studies and their contributions to extinction were evaluated. The results indicated that the scattering coefficient( σsp) of aerosol in Guilin ranged from 4. 64 Mm-1～ 1 264. 41 Mm-1 with a mean value of 220. 52 Mm-1,while the absorption coefficient( σap) ranged from 3. 66 Mm-1～ 120. 86 Mm-1 with a mean value of 20. 05 Mm-1.Aerosol,scattering and absorption coefficients of gas,all had significant diurnal variation,i. e.,double peak and double valley,this was due to the driving time of tourism buses which accounted for a large proportion of motor vehicles in Guilin. The extinction coefficient of aerosol accounted for 92. 65% of atmosphere extinction coefficient,in which scattering and absorption coefficients accounted for 83. 54% and 9. 11%,respectively. Gas extinction coefficient accounted for 7. 35%.
The absorption and scattering coefficients of aerosol were measured by aethalometer,nephelometer and visibility meter from February to March,2017 in Guilin. The extinction characteristics of aerosol and gas were studies and their contributions to extinction were evaluated. The results indicated that the scattering coefficient( σsp) of aerosol in Guilin ranged from 4. 64 Mm-1～ 1 264. 41 Mm-1 with a mean value of 220. 52 Mm-1,while the absorption coefficient( σap) ranged from 3. 66 Mm-1～ 120. 86 Mm-1 with a mean value of 20. 05 Mm-1.Aerosol,scattering and absorption coefficients of gas,all had significant diurnal variation,i. e.,double peak and double valley,this was due to the driving time of tourism buses which accounted for a large proportion of motor vehicles in Guilin. The extinction coefficient of aerosol accounted for 92. 65% of atmosphere extinction coefficient,in which scattering and absorption coefficients accounted for 83. 54% and 9. 11%,respectively. Gas extinction coefficient accounted for 7. 35%.
引文
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[18]杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(6):848-854.
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[20] YAN P,TANG J,HUANG J,et al. The measurement of aerosol optical properties at a rural site in Northern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(8):2229-2242.
[21]毛节泰,李成才.气溶胶辐射特性的观测研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):622-635.
[2]杨卫芬,程钟,沈琰.常州城区秋冬季黑碳气溶胶的浓度变化特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2013,25(5):11-14.
[3] RUSSELL P B,KINNE S A,BERGSTROM R W. Aerosol climate effects:local radiative forcing and column closure experiments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D8):9397-9407.
[4] ROECKNER E,STIER P,FEICHTER J,et al. Impact of carbonaceous aerosol emissions on regional climate change[J]. Climate Dynamics,2006,27(6):553-571.
[5]杨红龙,卢超,刘爱明,等.深圳地区气溶胶的光学特征及来源分析[J].光学学报,2013,33(12):1-8.
[6]刘新罡,张远航,曾立民,等.广州市大气能见度影响因子的贡献研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):733-738.
[7]徐鹏炜,谭湘萍,蔡菊珍,等.杭州城市大气消光系数和能见度的影响因子研究[J].环境污染与防治,2005,27(6):410-413.
[8]钱俊龙,刘红年,唐丽娟,等.苏州城市灰霾及气溶胶对大气消光贡献的模拟研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),2013,49(3):311-319.
[9]刘新民,邵敏.北京市夏季大气消光系数的来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(2):185-189.
[10]杨雪,张祥志,汤莉莉,等.春季一次典型沙尘天气对南京市空气质量影响研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):18-22.
[11]邝俊侠,裴成磊,黄祖照,等.广州市PM2. 5质量浓度垂直分布在线监测研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):23-26.
[12]白先达,谭宇,王存真,等.桂林霾天气变化趋势及天气特征[J].气象科技,2015,43(5):905-910.
[13]唐佳琪,廖雷,覃爱苗,等.桂林市区大气颗粒物污染特征研究[J].环境工程,2015,33(9):88-91.
[14]刘超,廖雷,罗恢泓,等.桂林市区大气气溶胶离子组成分布及酸化缓冲能力[J].工业安全与环保,2015,41(3):10-13.
[15]张志朋,杜娟,宋韶华,等.夏季桂林市大气PM2. 5化学组成和成分分布的质谱研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(6):22-26.
[16]姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖,等.天津城区春季大气气溶胶消光特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):795-802.
[17]吴兑,毛节泰,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲黑碳气溶胶及其辐射特性的观测研究[J].中国科学D辑:地球化学,2009,39(11):1542-1553.
[18]杨康,刘红年,朱焱,等.苏州市气溶胶消光特性及其对灰霾特征的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(6):848-854.
[19] GARLAND R M,YANG H,SCHMID O,et al. Aerosol optical properties in a rural environment near the mega-city Guangzhou,China:implications for regional air pollution and radiative forcing and remote sensing[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(17):5161-5186.
[20] YAN P,TANG J,HUANG J,et al. The measurement of aerosol optical properties at a rural site in Northern China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2008,8(8):2229-2242.
[21]毛节泰,李成才.气溶胶辐射特性的观测研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):622-635.
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