浙江省制造业碳生产率变动差异与收敛性研究
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摘要
文章基于SBM方向性距离函数与全域Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数,测算了2001-2016年浙江省28个制造业行业的碳生产率,并检验了其收敛性。研究结果表明:整体而言,浙江省制造业的碳生产率呈增长趋势,其增长主要归因于技术变化,而技术效率没有发挥出应有的提升碳生产率水平的作用;浙江省制造业的碳生产率没有呈现出显著的σ收敛,但具有绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,相对污染类行业和相对清洁类行业呈现异质性的收敛特征;企业规模和资本深化对碳生产率增长的影响显著为正,而能源消费结构对其的影响显著为负。因此,推进技术创新、扩大企业规模、优化能源结构和促进资本深化是提高浙江省制造业碳生产率的关键。
Applying Slack-based directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index,we measure carbon productivities of 28 manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province from 2001 to 2016,and examine the convergence across the manufacturing sectors. We find that the carbon productivities of manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province show an increasing tendency on the whole,and technology change is the leading contributor to the increase,while technical efficiency does not play its due role in improving the carbon productivities. Moreover,there is no significant σ convergence across the manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province,but there exists the absolute β convergence and the conditional β convergence.There is heterogeneity in convergence characteristics between pollution sectors and clean sectors. Our findings also show that firm size and capital deepening have significant positive effects on the growth of carbon productivities of manufacturing sectors,whereas energy consumption structure has a significant negative effect. Therefore,promoting technological innovation and capital deepening,expanding firm size as well as optimizing energy consumption structure are the key points to improve carbon productivities of manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province.
Applying Slack-based directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index,we measure carbon productivities of 28 manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province from 2001 to 2016,and examine the convergence across the manufacturing sectors. We find that the carbon productivities of manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province show an increasing tendency on the whole,and technology change is the leading contributor to the increase,while technical efficiency does not play its due role in improving the carbon productivities. Moreover,there is no significant σ convergence across the manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province,but there exists the absolute β convergence and the conditional β convergence.There is heterogeneity in convergence characteristics between pollution sectors and clean sectors. Our findings also show that firm size and capital deepening have significant positive effects on the growth of carbon productivities of manufacturing sectors,whereas energy consumption structure has a significant negative effect. Therefore,promoting technological innovation and capital deepening,expanding firm size as well as optimizing energy consumption structure are the key points to improve carbon productivities of manufacturing sectors in Zhejiang province.
引文
[1]MIELNIK O,GOLDEMBERG J. The Evolution of the carbonization index in developing countries[J]. Energy Policy,1999,27(5):307-308.
[2]ZHOU P,ANG B W,HAN J Y. Total factor carbon emission performance:A Malmquist index analysis[J]. Energy Economics,2010,32(1):194-201.
[3]刘明磊,朱磊,范英.我国省级碳排放绩效评价及边际减排成本估计:基于非参数距离函数方法[J].中国软科学,2011(3):106-114.
[4]张丽峰.基于DEA模型的全要素碳生产率与影响因素研究[J].工业技术经济,2013(3):142-149.
[5]吴晓华,李磊.中国碳生产率与能源效率省际差异及提升潜力[J].经济地理,2014,34(5):105-108.
[6]张成,史丹,王俊杰.中国碳生产率的潜在改进空间——基于外部环境和内部管理视角[J].资源科学,2015,37(6):1218-1229.
[7]CHUNG Y H,FARE R,GROSSKOF S. Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[8]WATANABE M,TANAKA K. Efficiency analysis of Chinese industry:A directional distance function approach[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35(12):6323-6331.
[9]陈诗一.中国的绿色工业革命:基于环境全要素生产率视角的解释(1980-2008)[J].经济研究,2010(11):21-34,58.
[10]王喜平,姜晔.环境约束下中国能源效率地区差异研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(11):1419-1425.
[11]朱承亮.中国地区经济差距的演变轨迹与来源分解[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014,31(6):36-54.
[12]TONE K. A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European Journal of Operation Research,2001,130(3):498-509.
[13]FUKUYAMA H,WEBER W L. A Directional sacks-based measure of technical inefficiency[J]. Socio-Economic Planning Science,2009,43(4):274-287.
[14]OH D H. A Global Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2010,34(2):183-197.
[15]MULDER P,DE GROOT H L F. Structural change and convergence of energy intensity across OECD countries,1970-2005[J]. Energy Economics,2012,34(6):1910-1921.
[16]WAN J,BAYLIS K,MULDER P. Trade-facilitated technology spillovers in energy productivity convergence process across EU countries[J]. Energy Economics,2015,48:253-264.
[17]杨正林,方齐云.能源生产率差异与收敛:基于省际面板数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(9):17-30.
[18]王群伟,周鹏,周德群.我国二氧化碳排放绩效的动态变化、区域差异及影响因素[J].中国工业经济,2010(1):45-54.
[19]张成,蔡万焕,于同申.区域经济增长与碳生产率——基于收敛及脱钩指数的分析[J].中国工业经济,2013(5):18-30.
[20]沈能,王艳,王群伟.集聚外部性与碳生产率空间趋同研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):40-47.
[21]李亚冬,宋丽颖.我国碳生产率的收敛机制研究:理论和实证检验[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(3):117-125.
[22]HARBERGER A. Perspectives on capital and technology in less-developed countries[C]//ARTIS M J,NOBAY A R.Contemporary Economic Analysis. London:Croom Helm,1978:69-151.
[23]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952-2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[24]QUAH D. Regional convergence clusters across Europe[J].European Economic Review,1996,40(3-5):951-958.
[25]王凯,周婷婷,邵海琴,等.中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及其格局演变:1995-2014[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(6):27-35.
[26]SAlA-I-MATIN X. The classical approach to convergence analysis[J]. The Economic Joumal,1996,106:1019-1036.
(1)浙江省10个重点传统制造业为纺织制造业、服装制造业、皮革制造业、化工制造业、化纤制造业、造纸制造业、橡胶和塑料制品制造业、非金属矿物制品制造业、有色金属加工制造业和农副食品加工制造业。
(2)28个制造业行业中,相对污染类行业包括农副食品加工业、食品制造业、纺织业、造纸及纸制品业、石油加工炼焦及核燃料加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业、化学纤维制造业、非金属矿物制品业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业和有色金属冶炼及压延加工业,其他为相对清洁类行业。
[2]ZHOU P,ANG B W,HAN J Y. Total factor carbon emission performance:A Malmquist index analysis[J]. Energy Economics,2010,32(1):194-201.
[3]刘明磊,朱磊,范英.我国省级碳排放绩效评价及边际减排成本估计:基于非参数距离函数方法[J].中国软科学,2011(3):106-114.
[4]张丽峰.基于DEA模型的全要素碳生产率与影响因素研究[J].工业技术经济,2013(3):142-149.
[5]吴晓华,李磊.中国碳生产率与能源效率省际差异及提升潜力[J].经济地理,2014,34(5):105-108.
[6]张成,史丹,王俊杰.中国碳生产率的潜在改进空间——基于外部环境和内部管理视角[J].资源科学,2015,37(6):1218-1229.
[7]CHUNG Y H,FARE R,GROSSKOF S. Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1997,51(3):229-240.
[8]WATANABE M,TANAKA K. Efficiency analysis of Chinese industry:A directional distance function approach[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35(12):6323-6331.
[9]陈诗一.中国的绿色工业革命:基于环境全要素生产率视角的解释(1980-2008)[J].经济研究,2010(11):21-34,58.
[10]王喜平,姜晔.环境约束下中国能源效率地区差异研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(11):1419-1425.
[11]朱承亮.中国地区经济差距的演变轨迹与来源分解[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014,31(6):36-54.
[12]TONE K. A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J]. European Journal of Operation Research,2001,130(3):498-509.
[13]FUKUYAMA H,WEBER W L. A Directional sacks-based measure of technical inefficiency[J]. Socio-Economic Planning Science,2009,43(4):274-287.
[14]OH D H. A Global Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index[J]. Journal of Productivity Analysis,2010,34(2):183-197.
[15]MULDER P,DE GROOT H L F. Structural change and convergence of energy intensity across OECD countries,1970-2005[J]. Energy Economics,2012,34(6):1910-1921.
[16]WAN J,BAYLIS K,MULDER P. Trade-facilitated technology spillovers in energy productivity convergence process across EU countries[J]. Energy Economics,2015,48:253-264.
[17]杨正林,方齐云.能源生产率差异与收敛:基于省际面板数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(9):17-30.
[18]王群伟,周鹏,周德群.我国二氧化碳排放绩效的动态变化、区域差异及影响因素[J].中国工业经济,2010(1):45-54.
[19]张成,蔡万焕,于同申.区域经济增长与碳生产率——基于收敛及脱钩指数的分析[J].中国工业经济,2013(5):18-30.
[20]沈能,王艳,王群伟.集聚外部性与碳生产率空间趋同研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(12):40-47.
[21]李亚冬,宋丽颖.我国碳生产率的收敛机制研究:理论和实证检验[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(3):117-125.
[22]HARBERGER A. Perspectives on capital and technology in less-developed countries[C]//ARTIS M J,NOBAY A R.Contemporary Economic Analysis. London:Croom Helm,1978:69-151.
[23]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952-2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[24]QUAH D. Regional convergence clusters across Europe[J].European Economic Review,1996,40(3-5):951-958.
[25]王凯,周婷婷,邵海琴,等.中国旅游业碳生产率区域差异及其格局演变:1995-2014[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(6):27-35.
[26]SAlA-I-MATIN X. The classical approach to convergence analysis[J]. The Economic Joumal,1996,106:1019-1036.
(1)浙江省10个重点传统制造业为纺织制造业、服装制造业、皮革制造业、化工制造业、化纤制造业、造纸制造业、橡胶和塑料制品制造业、非金属矿物制品制造业、有色金属加工制造业和农副食品加工制造业。
(2)28个制造业行业中,相对污染类行业包括农副食品加工业、食品制造业、纺织业、造纸及纸制品业、石油加工炼焦及核燃料加工业、化学原料及化学制品制造业、化学纤维制造业、非金属矿物制品业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业和有色金属冶炼及压延加工业,其他为相对清洁类行业。