舟山市臭氧污染分布特征及来源解析
|
摘要
臭氧及其前体物在环境空气中传输和反应过程复杂,本研究利用舟山市国控点2014年的监测数据对臭氧污染时空分布开展了统计分析,并利用CMAQ (community multiscale air quality)模型模拟了舟山市2014年臭氧污染形成,选用ISAM(integrated source apportionment method)源追踪算法计算来源贡献率.结果表明,舟山市春秋季节的臭氧浓度相对较高,浓度高值出现在午后13:00～15:00.普陀站的臭氧平均浓度最高而位于中心城区的临城站最低.臭氧总体浓度不高,但易出现单日浓度高值,其中5月臭氧超标率最高.舟山市本地臭氧形成主要受VOCs浓度控制,而源解析结果表明舟山市全年外来源占总贡献的69. 46%.本地源中,工业燃烧源、工艺过程源、道路移动源、非道路移动源的贡献率相差不大,且表现出显著的港口城市特征,船舶源、石化源、储运源分别占总贡献的4. 45%和1. 01%和1. 80%.控制臭氧污染应采取周边区域联防联控的措施,以VOCs排放源为主,不同来源协同调控的措施.
The processes affecting photochemical reactions and regional transport of ozone and its precursors in ambient air are very complicated. In this study,statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of ozone pollution in Zhoushan was carried out based on monitoring data from state monitoring stations in Zhoushan in 2014. Specifically,ozone formation was simulated by CMAQ( the community multiscale air quality) model,and the source contribution rate was calculated using the Integrated Source Apportionment Method( ISAM) source tracking algorithm. The results showed that ozone pollution was more severe in spring and autumn than in summer and winter,and the highest ozone concentrations mostly appeared during 13: 00-15: 00 in the afternoon. Putuo Station had the highest ozone concentration while Lincheng Station,located in the downtown area of the city,had the lowest ozone concentration. The overall average ozone concentration was not high; however,peak concentrations that exceeded the standards usually occurred,which occurs most often in May. Local ozone formation in Zhoushan City is controlled by the VOC concentration,and source tracking results showed that non-local sources accounted for 69. 46% of the total contribution. Among local emission sources,fuel burning boiler sources,industry process sources,on-road mobile sources,and non-road mobile sources made similar contributions to ozone formation. Moreover,they showed significant characteristics of a port city. The contribution rates from shipping sources,petrochemical sources,and storage and transportation sources were 4. 45%,1. 01%,and 1. 80%,respectively. In conclusion,control of the ozone pollution in Zhoushan City should be based on simultaneous reduction and coordinated prevention involving multiple sources( VOCs as the main one) both locally and in surrounding areas.
The processes affecting photochemical reactions and regional transport of ozone and its precursors in ambient air are very complicated. In this study,statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of ozone pollution in Zhoushan was carried out based on monitoring data from state monitoring stations in Zhoushan in 2014. Specifically,ozone formation was simulated by CMAQ( the community multiscale air quality) model,and the source contribution rate was calculated using the Integrated Source Apportionment Method( ISAM) source tracking algorithm. The results showed that ozone pollution was more severe in spring and autumn than in summer and winter,and the highest ozone concentrations mostly appeared during 13: 00-15: 00 in the afternoon. Putuo Station had the highest ozone concentration while Lincheng Station,located in the downtown area of the city,had the lowest ozone concentration. The overall average ozone concentration was not high; however,peak concentrations that exceeded the standards usually occurred,which occurs most often in May. Local ozone formation in Zhoushan City is controlled by the VOC concentration,and source tracking results showed that non-local sources accounted for 69. 46% of the total contribution. Among local emission sources,fuel burning boiler sources,industry process sources,on-road mobile sources,and non-road mobile sources made similar contributions to ozone formation. Moreover,they showed significant characteristics of a port city. The contribution rates from shipping sources,petrochemical sources,and storage and transportation sources were 4. 45%,1. 01%,and 1. 80%,respectively. In conclusion,control of the ozone pollution in Zhoushan City should be based on simultaneous reduction and coordinated prevention involving multiple sources( VOCs as the main one) both locally and in surrounding areas.
引文
[1]吴文景,常兴,邢佳,等.京津冀地区主要排放源减排对PM2.5污染改善贡献评估[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):867-875.Wu W J,Chang X,Xing J,et al.Assessment of PM2.5pollution mitigation due to emission reduction from main emission sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):867-875.
[2]陶志华,谢松青,何微娜,等.台州市不同功能区环境空气PM2.5的污染特征研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2017,44(4):464-471.Tao Z H,Xie S Q,He W N,et al.Pollution characteristics of PM2.5in Taizhou,Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2017,44(4):464-471.
[3]李浩,李莉,黄成,等.2013年夏季典型光化学污染过程中长三角典型城市O3来源识别[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):1-10.Li H,Li L,Huang C,et al.Ozone source apportionment at urban area during a typical photochemical pollution episode in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(1):1-10.
[4]林旭,朱彬,安俊琳,等.南京北郊VOCs对臭氧和二次有机气溶胶潜在贡献的研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):976-986.Lin X,Zhu B,An J L,et al.Potential contribution of secondary organic aerosols and ozone of VOCs in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(4):976-986.
[5]郝建奇,葛宝珠,王自发,等.2014年6月南京大气复合污染观测[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3585-3593.Hao J Q,Ge B Z,Wang Z F,et al.Observational study of air pollution complex in Nanjing in June 2014[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3585-3593.
[6]Li L,An J Y,Shi Y Y,et al.Source apportionment of surface ozone in the Yangtze River Delta,China in the summer of 2013[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,144:194-207.
[7]邹宇,邓雪娇,李菲,等.广州番禺大气成分站复合污染过程VOCs对O3与SOA的生成潜势[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2246-2255.Zou Y,Deng X J,Li F,et al.Effect of VOCs on O3and SOAformation potential during the combined pollution process in Guangzhou Panyu atmospheric composition station[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2246-2255.
[8]王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京市臭氧的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4446-4453.Wang Z S,Li Y T,Chen T,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4446-4453.
[9]Atkinson R.Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(12-14):2063-2101.
[10]Carter W P L.Development of a database for chemical mechanism assignments for volatile organic emissions[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2015,65(10):1171-1184.
[11]Carter W P L.Development of a condensed SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(40):5336-5345.
[12]李磊,赵玉梅,王旭光,等.廊坊市夏季臭氧体积分数影响因素及生成敏感性[J].环境科学,2017,38(10):4100-4107.Li L,Zhao Y M,Wang X G,et al.Influence factors and sensitivity of ozone formation in Langfang in the summer[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(10):4100-4107.
[13]贾龙,徐永福.烟雾箱与数值模拟研究苯和乙苯的臭氧生成潜势[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):495-503.Jia L,Xu Y F.Studies of ozone formation potentials for benzene and ethylbenzene using a smog chamber and model simulation[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(2):495-503.
[14]唐孝炎,毕木天,李金龙,等.光化学烟雾箱的试制和性能实验[J].环境化学,1982,1(5):19-26.
[15]Lu K D,Zhang Y H,Su H,et al.Oxidant(O3+NO2)production processes and formation regimes in Beijing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115(D7):1-18.
[16]Lu K D,Zhang Y H,Su H,et al.Regional ozone pollution and key controlling factors of photochemical ozone production in Pearl River Delta during summer time[J].Science China Chemistry,2010,53(3):651-663.
[17]Qiao X,Tang Y,Hu J L,et al.Modeling dry and wet deposition of sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium ions in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,China using a source-oriented CMAQ model:Part I.Base case model results[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,532:831-839.
[18]Wei W,Lv Z F,Li Y,et al.A WRF-Chem model study of the impact of VOCs emission of a huge petro-chemical industrial zone on the summertime ozone in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,175:44-53.
[19]Dunker A M,Koo B,Yarwood G.Contributions of foreign,domestic and natural emissions to US ozone estimated using the path-integral method in CAMx nested within GEOS-Chem[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2017,17(20):12553-12571.
[20]舟山市气象局.舟山市气候概况[EB/OL].http://www.zs121.com.cn/weatherprofile/weatherprofile.aspx?type=31&id=81,2017-06-13.
[21]舟山市气象局.舟山市天气气候公报(2017年度)[EB/OL].https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fzs.zj.weather.com.cn%2Fproduct%2F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%2F%E5%B9%B4%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%2F%E8%88%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%822017%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5.doc,2018-01-15.
[22]舟山市环境保护局.2016年舟山市环境状况公报[EB/OL].http://www.zshbj.gov.cn/news/caaa4af3-f8d2-420e-9943-381bc27e398d.html?type=wz003,2017-06-01.
[23]Wang Q L,Li S J,Dong M L,et al.VOCs emission characteristics and priority control analysis based on VOCs emission inventories and ozone formation potentials in Zhoushan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,182:234-241.
[24]Zhang Y,Wang W,Wu S Y,et al.Impacts of updated emission inventories on source apportionment of fine particle and ozone over the southeastern U.S.[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,88:133-154.
[25]Kwok R H F,Napelenok S L,Baker K R.Implementation and evaluation of PM2.5source contribution analysis in a photochemical model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,80:398-407.
[26]Kwok R H F,Baker K R,Napelenok S L,et al.Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC,NOx,and O3source apportionment[J].Geoscientific Model Development,2015,8(1):99-114.
[27]Zheng B,Zhang Q,Zhang Y,et al.Heterogeneous chemistry:a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(4):2031-2049.
[28]Wang P,Ying Q,Zhang H L,et al.Source apportionment of secondary organic aerosol in China using a regional sourceoriented chemical transport model and two emission inventories[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:756-766.
[29]潘月云,李楠,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2655-2669.Pan Y Y,Li N,Zheng J Y,et al.Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in Guangdong Province[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):2655-2669.
[30]杨静,尹佩玲,叶斯琪,等.深圳市船舶排放清单与时空特征研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1217-1226.Yang J,Yin P L,Ye S Q,et al.Marine emission inventory and its temporal and spatial characteristics in the city of Shenzhen[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1217-1226.
[31]Mc Donald B C,Mc Keen S A,Cui Y Y,et al.Modeling ozone in the eastern U.S.using a fuel-based mobile source emissions inventory[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2018.52(13):7360-7370.
[32]王杨君,李莉,冯加良,等.基于OSAT方法对上海2010年夏季臭氧源解析的数值模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):567-573.Wang Y J,Li L,Feng J L,et al.Source apportionment of ozone in the summer of 2010 in Shanghai using OSAT method[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(3):567-573.
[33]Mueller S F,Mallard J W.Contributions of natural emissions to ozone and PM2.5as simulated by the community multiscale air quality(CMAQ)model[J].Environmental Science&Technology 2011,45(11):4817-4823.
[34]张礼俊.基于Model-3/CMAQ的珠江三角洲区域空气质量模拟与校验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.Zhang L J.A performance evaluation study of Models-3/CMAQmodel for simulating PRD regional air quality[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2010.
[35]李浩.夏季典型光化学污染过程中长三角地区大气臭氧的污染来源追踪研究[D].上海:东华大学,2015.Li H.Ozone source apportionment during a typical photochemical pollution episode in summer in the Yangtze River Delta[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2015.
[36]潘本锋,程麟钧,王建国,等.京津冀地区臭氧污染特征与来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(5):17-23.Pan B F,Cheng L J,Wang J G,et al.Characteristics and source attribution of ozone pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(5):17-23.
[37]包艳英,徐洁,唐伟,等.大连市夏季近地面臭氧污染数值模拟和控制对策研究[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(1):9-19.Bao Y Y,Xu J,Tang W,et al.Modeling of summertime groundlevel ozone pollution and its control strategies in Dalian[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2018,34(1):9-19.
[38]王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):32-37.Wang C,Wang S,Yang B B,et al.Study of the effect of meteorological conditions on the ambient air ozone concentrations in Shenyang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(3):32-37.
[39]关玉春,肖致美,陈魁,等.天津市臭氧污染特征与影响因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):40-49.Guan Y C,Xiao Z M,Chen K,et al.Characteristics of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in Tianjin[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):40-49.
[40]GB 3095-2012,环境空气质量标准[S].
[41]Liu B S,Liang D N,Yang J M,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds based on 1-year of observational data in Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,218:757-769.
[42]Gao J,Zhu B,Xiao H,et al.Diurnal variations and source apportionment of ozone at the summit of Mount Huang,a rural site in Eastern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,222:513-522.
[43]Gao J H,Zhu B,Xiao H,et al.A case study of surface ozone source apportionment during a high concentration episode,under frequent shifting wind conditions over the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:853-863.
[44]李洪伟.浙江省植被覆盖的时空变化研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2010.Li H W.Study on the spatial-temporal change of vegetation in Zhejiang province[J].Jinhua:Zhejiang Normal University,2010.
[2]陶志华,谢松青,何微娜,等.台州市不同功能区环境空气PM2.5的污染特征研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2017,44(4):464-471.Tao Z H,Xie S Q,He W N,et al.Pollution characteristics of PM2.5in Taizhou,Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2017,44(4):464-471.
[3]李浩,李莉,黄成,等.2013年夏季典型光化学污染过程中长三角典型城市O3来源识别[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):1-10.Li H,Li L,Huang C,et al.Ozone source apportionment at urban area during a typical photochemical pollution episode in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(1):1-10.
[4]林旭,朱彬,安俊琳,等.南京北郊VOCs对臭氧和二次有机气溶胶潜在贡献的研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(4):976-986.Lin X,Zhu B,An J L,et al.Potential contribution of secondary organic aerosols and ozone of VOCs in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(4):976-986.
[5]郝建奇,葛宝珠,王自发,等.2014年6月南京大气复合污染观测[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3585-3593.Hao J Q,Ge B Z,Wang Z F,et al.Observational study of air pollution complex in Nanjing in June 2014[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3585-3593.
[6]Li L,An J Y,Shi Y Y,et al.Source apportionment of surface ozone in the Yangtze River Delta,China in the summer of 2013[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,144:194-207.
[7]邹宇,邓雪娇,李菲,等.广州番禺大气成分站复合污染过程VOCs对O3与SOA的生成潜势[J].环境科学,2017,38(6):2246-2255.Zou Y,Deng X J,Li F,et al.Effect of VOCs on O3and SOAformation potential during the combined pollution process in Guangzhou Panyu atmospheric composition station[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(6):2246-2255.
[8]王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京市臭氧的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4446-4453.Wang Z S,Li Y T,Chen T,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4446-4453.
[9]Atkinson R.Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(12-14):2063-2101.
[10]Carter W P L.Development of a database for chemical mechanism assignments for volatile organic emissions[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2015,65(10):1171-1184.
[11]Carter W P L.Development of a condensed SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(40):5336-5345.
[12]李磊,赵玉梅,王旭光,等.廊坊市夏季臭氧体积分数影响因素及生成敏感性[J].环境科学,2017,38(10):4100-4107.Li L,Zhao Y M,Wang X G,et al.Influence factors and sensitivity of ozone formation in Langfang in the summer[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(10):4100-4107.
[13]贾龙,徐永福.烟雾箱与数值模拟研究苯和乙苯的臭氧生成潜势[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):495-503.Jia L,Xu Y F.Studies of ozone formation potentials for benzene and ethylbenzene using a smog chamber and model simulation[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(2):495-503.
[14]唐孝炎,毕木天,李金龙,等.光化学烟雾箱的试制和性能实验[J].环境化学,1982,1(5):19-26.
[15]Lu K D,Zhang Y H,Su H,et al.Oxidant(O3+NO2)production processes and formation regimes in Beijing[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115(D7):1-18.
[16]Lu K D,Zhang Y H,Su H,et al.Regional ozone pollution and key controlling factors of photochemical ozone production in Pearl River Delta during summer time[J].Science China Chemistry,2010,53(3):651-663.
[17]Qiao X,Tang Y,Hu J L,et al.Modeling dry and wet deposition of sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium ions in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,China using a source-oriented CMAQ model:Part I.Base case model results[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,532:831-839.
[18]Wei W,Lv Z F,Li Y,et al.A WRF-Chem model study of the impact of VOCs emission of a huge petro-chemical industrial zone on the summertime ozone in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,175:44-53.
[19]Dunker A M,Koo B,Yarwood G.Contributions of foreign,domestic and natural emissions to US ozone estimated using the path-integral method in CAMx nested within GEOS-Chem[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2017,17(20):12553-12571.
[20]舟山市气象局.舟山市气候概况[EB/OL].http://www.zs121.com.cn/weatherprofile/weatherprofile.aspx?type=31&id=81,2017-06-13.
[21]舟山市气象局.舟山市天气气候公报(2017年度)[EB/OL].https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fzs.zj.weather.com.cn%2Fproduct%2F%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%2F%E5%B9%B4%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7%2F%E8%88%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%822017%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5.doc,2018-01-15.
[22]舟山市环境保护局.2016年舟山市环境状况公报[EB/OL].http://www.zshbj.gov.cn/news/caaa4af3-f8d2-420e-9943-381bc27e398d.html?type=wz003,2017-06-01.
[23]Wang Q L,Li S J,Dong M L,et al.VOCs emission characteristics and priority control analysis based on VOCs emission inventories and ozone formation potentials in Zhoushan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,182:234-241.
[24]Zhang Y,Wang W,Wu S Y,et al.Impacts of updated emission inventories on source apportionment of fine particle and ozone over the southeastern U.S.[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,88:133-154.
[25]Kwok R H F,Napelenok S L,Baker K R.Implementation and evaluation of PM2.5source contribution analysis in a photochemical model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,80:398-407.
[26]Kwok R H F,Baker K R,Napelenok S L,et al.Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC,NOx,and O3source apportionment[J].Geoscientific Model Development,2015,8(1):99-114.
[27]Zheng B,Zhang Q,Zhang Y,et al.Heterogeneous chemistry:a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(4):2031-2049.
[28]Wang P,Ying Q,Zhang H L,et al.Source apportionment of secondary organic aerosol in China using a regional sourceoriented chemical transport model and two emission inventories[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:756-766.
[29]潘月云,李楠,郑君瑜,等.广东省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2655-2669.Pan Y Y,Li N,Zheng J Y,et al.Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in Guangdong Province[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):2655-2669.
[30]杨静,尹佩玲,叶斯琪,等.深圳市船舶排放清单与时空特征研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1217-1226.Yang J,Yin P L,Ye S Q,et al.Marine emission inventory and its temporal and spatial characteristics in the city of Shenzhen[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1217-1226.
[31]Mc Donald B C,Mc Keen S A,Cui Y Y,et al.Modeling ozone in the eastern U.S.using a fuel-based mobile source emissions inventory[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2018.52(13):7360-7370.
[32]王杨君,李莉,冯加良,等.基于OSAT方法对上海2010年夏季臭氧源解析的数值模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):567-573.Wang Y J,Li L,Feng J L,et al.Source apportionment of ozone in the summer of 2010 in Shanghai using OSAT method[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(3):567-573.
[33]Mueller S F,Mallard J W.Contributions of natural emissions to ozone and PM2.5as simulated by the community multiscale air quality(CMAQ)model[J].Environmental Science&Technology 2011,45(11):4817-4823.
[34]张礼俊.基于Model-3/CMAQ的珠江三角洲区域空气质量模拟与校验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.Zhang L J.A performance evaluation study of Models-3/CMAQmodel for simulating PRD regional air quality[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2010.
[35]李浩.夏季典型光化学污染过程中长三角地区大气臭氧的污染来源追踪研究[D].上海:东华大学,2015.Li H.Ozone source apportionment during a typical photochemical pollution episode in summer in the Yangtze River Delta[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2015.
[36]潘本锋,程麟钧,王建国,等.京津冀地区臭氧污染特征与来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(5):17-23.Pan B F,Cheng L J,Wang J G,et al.Characteristics and source attribution of ozone pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(5):17-23.
[37]包艳英,徐洁,唐伟,等.大连市夏季近地面臭氧污染数值模拟和控制对策研究[J].中国环境监测,2018,34(1):9-19.Bao Y Y,Xu J,Tang W,et al.Modeling of summertime groundlevel ozone pollution and its control strategies in Dalian[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2018,34(1):9-19.
[38]王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):32-37.Wang C,Wang S,Yang B B,et al.Study of the effect of meteorological conditions on the ambient air ozone concentrations in Shenyang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(3):32-37.
[39]关玉春,肖致美,陈魁,等.天津市臭氧污染特征与影响因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):40-49.Guan Y C,Xiao Z M,Chen K,et al.Characteristics of ozone pollution and its influencing factors in Tianjin[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):40-49.
[40]GB 3095-2012,环境空气质量标准[S].
[41]Liu B S,Liang D N,Yang J M,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds based on 1-year of observational data in Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,218:757-769.
[42]Gao J,Zhu B,Xiao H,et al.Diurnal variations and source apportionment of ozone at the summit of Mount Huang,a rural site in Eastern China[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,222:513-522.
[43]Gao J H,Zhu B,Xiao H,et al.A case study of surface ozone source apportionment during a high concentration episode,under frequent shifting wind conditions over the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,544:853-863.
[44]李洪伟.浙江省植被覆盖的时空变化研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2010.Li H W.Study on the spatial-temporal change of vegetation in Zhejiang province[J].Jinhua:Zhejiang Normal University,2010.