钱江源国家公园古田山珍稀濒危植物资源现状及分析
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摘要
在钱江源国家公园古田山国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物系统调查的基础上,对该地区珍稀濒危植物的种类组成、保护价值、地理区系特征及分布现状进行了系统研究。结果显示:古田山地区共有省级及以上野生珍稀濒危种子植物32科55属63种,其中被《国家重点保护野生植物名录》(第一批)收录的Ⅰ级保护植物1种、Ⅱ级保护植物15种,被《中国植物红皮书》收录的有15种,浙江省重点野生保护植物19种,其余物种分别被《中国物种红色名录》和《中国高等植物受威胁物种名录》收录;保护区内的多数珍稀濒危植物分布区狭窄,除少数保护植物如野大豆Glycine soja Siebold&Zucc.、野含笑Michelia skinneriana Dunn、杨桐Cleyera japonica Thunb.等种类的种群较大外,其他种类的种群较小;长序榆Ulmus elongata L. K. Fu&C. S. Ding、香果树Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.、榧树Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindl.、三小叶山豆根Euchresta japonica Benth.ex Oliv.、金刚大Croomia japonica Miq.等种类零星分布于核心保护区,有少量珍稀植物如南方红豆杉Taxus wallichiana Zucc. var. mairei (Lemée&H. Lév.) L. K. Fu&Nan Li、花榈木Ormosia henryi Prain等位于缓冲区或试验区;保护区珍稀濒危植物属的区系成分较丰富,温带成分相对较多,中国特有属的濒危度较高,急需采取相应保护措施。
Based on a systematic survey of rare and endangered plants in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Qianjiangyuan National Park, we conducted a systematic study on the species composition,conservation value,geographic characteristics,and distribution of rare and endangered plants in the region. Results showed a total of 63 national and provincial endangered seed plant species in the Gutianshan area,belonging to 32 families and 55 genera. Among them,one Class Ⅰ and 15 Class Ⅱ species were included in the National List of Key Protected Wild Plant,along with 15 species in the China Plant Red Data Book,19 species in Zhejiang Province's Key Protected Wild Plants,and the remaining species in the China Species Red List and Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants. The majority of threatened species maintained only small populations and a narrow distribution range,except for a few species including Glycine soja, Michelia skinneriana, and Cleyera japonica.Threatened species such as Ulmus elongata, Emmenopterys henryi, Torreya grandis,Euchresta japonica,and Croomia japonica only sporadically spread into the core area of the reserve,whereas species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei and Ormosia henryi were scattered in the buffer or test zones. Floristic geographic analysis showed that a higher percentage of threatened species were temperate rather than tropical genera and the degree of endangerment for endemic genera was high. Improved measures should be established to strengthen the protection of these rare and endangered species.
Based on a systematic survey of rare and endangered plants in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Qianjiangyuan National Park, we conducted a systematic study on the species composition,conservation value,geographic characteristics,and distribution of rare and endangered plants in the region. Results showed a total of 63 national and provincial endangered seed plant species in the Gutianshan area,belonging to 32 families and 55 genera. Among them,one Class Ⅰ and 15 Class Ⅱ species were included in the National List of Key Protected Wild Plant,along with 15 species in the China Plant Red Data Book,19 species in Zhejiang Province's Key Protected Wild Plants,and the remaining species in the China Species Red List and Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants. The majority of threatened species maintained only small populations and a narrow distribution range,except for a few species including Glycine soja, Michelia skinneriana, and Cleyera japonica.Threatened species such as Ulmus elongata, Emmenopterys henryi, Torreya grandis,Euchresta japonica,and Croomia japonica only sporadically spread into the core area of the reserve,whereas species such as Taxus wallichiana var. mairei and Ormosia henryi were scattered in the buffer or test zones. Floristic geographic analysis showed that a higher percentage of threatened species were temperate rather than tropical genera and the degree of endangerment for endemic genera was high. Improved measures should be established to strengthen the protection of these rare and endangered species.
引文
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[5]胡绍庆,丁炳扬,陈征海.浙江省珍稀濒危植物物种多样性保护的关键区域[J].生物多样性,2002,10(1):15-23.Hu SQ,Ding BY,Chen ZH.The critical regions for conservation of rare and endangered plant species diversity in Zhejiang Province[J].Biodiversity Science,2012,10(1):15-23.
[6]于明坚,胡正华,余建平,丁炳扬,方腾.浙江古田山自然保护区森林植被类型[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2001,27(4):375-380.Yu MJ,Hu ZH,Yu JP,Ding BY,Fang T.Forest vegetation types in Gutianshan Natural Reserve in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Agriculture&Life Sciences),2001,27(4):375-380.
[7]胡正华,于明坚,丁炳扬,方腾,钱海源,陈启瑺.古田山国家级自然保护区常绿阔叶林类型及其群落物种多样性研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(4):341-345.Hu ZH,Yu MJ,Ding BY,Fang T,Qian HY,Chen QC.Types of evergreen broad-leaved forest and their species diversity in Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserve[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2003,9(4):341-345.
[8]楼炉焕,金水虎.浙江古田山自然保护区种子植物区系分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(5):33-39.Lou LH,Jin SH.Spermatophyta flora of Gutianshan Nature Reserve in Zhejiang[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2000,22(5):33-39.
[9]陈建华,冯志坚.浙江古田山种子植物区系的地理成分研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002(1):104-111.Chen JH,Feng ZJ.Study on geographical compositions of seed plant flora in Gutianshan Mountain of Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science),2002(1):104-111.
[10]章艺,刘鹏,朱钦文.浙江古田山自然保护区珍稀濒危植物区系的研究[J].浙江林业科技,2002,22(6):5-8.Zhang Y,Liu P,Zhu QW.Study on rare and endangered flora in Gutianshan Nature Reserve of Zhejiang[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2002,22(6):5-8.
[11]陈昌斌,陈建华,冯志坚,车生泉.浙江省古田山区蜜源植物资源调查[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),1997(4):322-324.
[12]陈建华,黄敏,吕洪飞,方腾,陈声文,郑东红.古田山自然保护区药用植物资源及其综合评价[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,32(1):7-12.Chen JH,Huang M,LüHF,Fang T,Chen SW,Zheng DH.Resources and comprehensive evaluation of medicinal plants in Gutianshan Nature Reserve,Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Natural Science),2009,32(1):7-12.
[13]潘炉平,何琪杨,陈根荣.古田山自然保护区木本植物资源的研究初报[J].浙江师范学院学报(自然科学版),1983(1):92-99.
[14]开化林业志编写组.开化林业志[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1988.
[15]陈冬基,施德法.浙江省古田山自然保护区的森林植被类型[J].浙江林学院学报,1986,3(2):1-8.Chen DJ,Shi DF.The forest vegetation types in the Nature Sanctury of Gutian Mountain in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,1986,3(2):1-8.
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[17]傅立国.中国植物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[18]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色名录:第1卷:红色名录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[19]浙江省人民政府.浙江省人民政府关于公布省重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)的通知[EB/OL].(2015-05-15)[2018-08-24].http://www.zjly.gov.cn/art/2015/5/15/art_1275958_4794513.html.
[20]覃海宁,杨永,董仕勇,何强,嘉渝,赵莉娜,等.中国高等植物受威胁物种名录[J].生物多样性,2017,25(7):696-744.Qin HN,Yang Y,Dong SY,He Q,Jia Y,Zhao LN,et al.Threatened species list of China’s higher plants[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(7):696-744.
[21]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991(增刊Ⅳ):1-139.Wu ZY.The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants[J].Acta Botanica Yunnan,1991(S.IV):1-139.
[22]张文辉.试论我国珍稀濒危植物保护[J].西北林学院学报,1994,9(2):91-98.Zhang WH.On conservation of rare and endangered plants in China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1994,9(2):91-98.
[23]张殷波,傅靖轩,刘莹立,白帆,桑卫国.我国珍稀濒危植物保护红线的划定[J].生物多样性,2015,23(6):733-739.Zhang YB,Fu JX,Liu YL,Bai F,Sang WG.Delineation protection redline of rare and endangered plants in China[J].Biodiversity Science,2015,23(6):733-739.
[24]郑伟成,朱爱军,张方纲,刘菊莲,潘成椿.九龙山自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物优先保护序列研究[J].浙江林业科技,2012,32(6):39-43.Zheng WC,Zhu AJ,Zheng FG,Liu JL,Pan CC.Conservation priorities for plants in Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,2012,32(6):39-43.
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