五氟磺草胺对斑马鱼的毒性效应
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摘要
[目的]五氟磺草胺是一种用途广泛且在水稻田用量较大的除草剂,在施用过程中,其可能进入水环境,为明确其对水生生物造成的潜在危害。[方法]采用斑马鱼作为模式生物,分别测定五氟磺草胺对3月龄幼鱼、胚胎和初孵幼鱼毒性效应的测定和观察。[结果]五氟磺草胺对斑马鱼3月龄幼鱼96 h的LC_(50)值为4.38 mg/L,95%置信限为4.07～4.70 mg/L,毒性等级为中毒;五氟磺草胺对斑马鱼胚胎96 h的LC_(50)值为34.37 mg/L,95%置信限为16.32～72.38 mg/L,对斑马鱼胚胎造成危害的最低质量浓度为5 mg/L,处理组24 h白卵率与药液存在质量浓度相关性,处理组胚胎孵化时间较对照均有延迟,48 h时对照组孵化了50%,2.5 mg/L质量浓度下孵化了10%,其他质量浓度组均未孵化。72 h时50 mg/L以上质量浓度处理的胚胎,自主运动比对照缓慢,并发生少量畸形,少量无法孵化出卵壳,心跳比对照缓慢。五氟磺草胺对初孵幼鱼的毒性较小,在所有处理质量浓度下(2.5～80 mg/L质量浓度范围内),96 h内均未出现死亡和畸形。[结论]五氟磺草胺对3月龄幼鱼为中等毒性,对斑马鱼胚胎和初孵幼鱼的毒性虽然较低,但仍有一定的水生生物毒性风险,建议远离水源地施用。
[Aims] Penoxsulam is a herbicide that widely used in paddy fields. During application, it may enter the water environment, in order to clarify its potential harm to aquatic organisms. [Methods] Zebrafish were used as model organisms to measure and observe the toxic effects on 3-month old juvenile fish, embryo fish and hatchling fish.[Results] The LC_(50) value of penoxsulam for zebrafish larvae aged 3 months at 96 h was 4.38 mg/L and the 95%confidence limit was 4.07-4.70 mg/L, the toxicity of which is leveled medium. The LC_(50) value of penoxsulam for zebrafish embryos at 96 h was 34.37 mg/L, 95% confidence limit was 16.32-72.38 mg/L, cause a harm to zebrafish embryos at the lowest concentration of 5 mg/L. The treatment group of 24 h white egg rate have something to do with liquid concentration, with treatment group of embryo incubation time have delayed than control, 48 h hatch the control group by 50%, a 10% concentration of 2.5 mg/L hatch other concentration groups did not hatch. At 72 h, embryos treated with a concentration of 50 mg/L or above showed slower spontaneous movement than the control group, with a small number of deformities. Besides a small number of embryo could not hatch out the eggshell, and a lower heartbeat than the control group. The toxicity of penoxsulam to hatchling fish was low, and no death or deformity was found within 96 h at all treatment concentrations(2.5-80 mg/L). [Conclusions] In summary, penoxsulam is moderately toxic to three-month-old fish, although the toxicity of penoxsulam to zebrafish embryos and hatchling is low, there is still a certain risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms, so it is recommended to apply it far away from the water source.
[Aims] Penoxsulam is a herbicide that widely used in paddy fields. During application, it may enter the water environment, in order to clarify its potential harm to aquatic organisms. [Methods] Zebrafish were used as model organisms to measure and observe the toxic effects on 3-month old juvenile fish, embryo fish and hatchling fish.[Results] The LC_(50) value of penoxsulam for zebrafish larvae aged 3 months at 96 h was 4.38 mg/L and the 95%confidence limit was 4.07-4.70 mg/L, the toxicity of which is leveled medium. The LC_(50) value of penoxsulam for zebrafish embryos at 96 h was 34.37 mg/L, 95% confidence limit was 16.32-72.38 mg/L, cause a harm to zebrafish embryos at the lowest concentration of 5 mg/L. The treatment group of 24 h white egg rate have something to do with liquid concentration, with treatment group of embryo incubation time have delayed than control, 48 h hatch the control group by 50%, a 10% concentration of 2.5 mg/L hatch other concentration groups did not hatch. At 72 h, embryos treated with a concentration of 50 mg/L or above showed slower spontaneous movement than the control group, with a small number of deformities. Besides a small number of embryo could not hatch out the eggshell, and a lower heartbeat than the control group. The toxicity of penoxsulam to hatchling fish was low, and no death or deformity was found within 96 h at all treatment concentrations(2.5-80 mg/L). [Conclusions] In summary, penoxsulam is moderately toxic to three-month-old fish, although the toxicity of penoxsulam to zebrafish embryos and hatchling is low, there is still a certain risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms, so it is recommended to apply it far away from the water source.
引文
[1]JABUSCH T W,TJEERDEMA R S.Partitioning of Penoxsulam,a New Sulfonamide Herbicide[J].J Agric Food Chem,2005,53(18):7179-7183.
[2]顾林玲.三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂---五氟磺草胺[J].现代农药,2015(2):46-51.
[3]张宏军,崔海兰,朱文达,等.五氟磺草胺和氰氟草酯复配剂对水稻直播田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):177-181.
[4]荆卫锋,傅华欣,陆云梅,等.五氟磺草胺防除水直播稻田杂草效果[J].杂草科学,2005(1):36-37.
[5]马国兰,刘都才,刘雪源,等.五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯混剂防除直播稻田杂草试验[J].农药,2010,49(9):692-694.
[6]苏少泉.新一代稻田用除草剂---五氟磺草胺[J].世界农药,2008,30(5):48-49.
[7]JABUSCH T W,TJEERDEMA R S.Photodegradation of Penoxsulam[J].J Agric Food Chem,2006,54(16):5958-5961.
[8]SONDHIA S,RAJPUT S,VARMA R K,et al.Biodegradation of the Herbicide Penoxsulam(Triazolopyrimidine Sulphonamide)by Fungal Strains of Aspergillus in Soil[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2016,105:196-206.
[9]PRAMANIK S K,DAS S,BHATTACHARYYA A.Photodegradation of the Herbicide Penoxsulam in Aqueous Methanol and Acetonitrile[J].J Environ Sci Health B,2008,43(7):569-575.
[10]杜青平,刘伍香,袁保红,等.1,2,4-三氯苯对斑马鱼生殖和胚胎发育毒性效应[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):736-741.
[11]李志斐,谢骏,龚望宝,等.三甲基氯化锡对水生生物的毒性效应[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):642-646.
[12]朱琳,史淑洁.斑马鱼胚胎发育技术在毒性评价中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(2):252-254.
[13]中华人民共和国农业部.GB/T 31270.12-2014.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[14]THE PPDB Pesticide Properties Database Penoxsulam[DB/OL].Http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupac/Reports/512.htm.
[2]顾林玲.三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂---五氟磺草胺[J].现代农药,2015(2):46-51.
[3]张宏军,崔海兰,朱文达,等.五氟磺草胺和氰氟草酯复配剂对水稻直播田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):177-181.
[4]荆卫锋,傅华欣,陆云梅,等.五氟磺草胺防除水直播稻田杂草效果[J].杂草科学,2005(1):36-37.
[5]马国兰,刘都才,刘雪源,等.五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯混剂防除直播稻田杂草试验[J].农药,2010,49(9):692-694.
[6]苏少泉.新一代稻田用除草剂---五氟磺草胺[J].世界农药,2008,30(5):48-49.
[7]JABUSCH T W,TJEERDEMA R S.Photodegradation of Penoxsulam[J].J Agric Food Chem,2006,54(16):5958-5961.
[8]SONDHIA S,RAJPUT S,VARMA R K,et al.Biodegradation of the Herbicide Penoxsulam(Triazolopyrimidine Sulphonamide)by Fungal Strains of Aspergillus in Soil[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2016,105:196-206.
[9]PRAMANIK S K,DAS S,BHATTACHARYYA A.Photodegradation of the Herbicide Penoxsulam in Aqueous Methanol and Acetonitrile[J].J Environ Sci Health B,2008,43(7):569-575.
[10]杜青平,刘伍香,袁保红,等.1,2,4-三氯苯对斑马鱼生殖和胚胎发育毒性效应[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):736-741.
[11]李志斐,谢骏,龚望宝,等.三甲基氯化锡对水生生物的毒性效应[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):642-646.
[12]朱琳,史淑洁.斑马鱼胚胎发育技术在毒性评价中的应用[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(2):252-254.
[13]中华人民共和国农业部.GB/T 31270.12-2014.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2014.
[14]THE PPDB Pesticide Properties Database Penoxsulam[DB/OL].Http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/iupac/Reports/512.htm.
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