民勤绿洲地下水对人工梭梭林生长的影响
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摘要
为分析地下水对民勤绿洲人工梭梭林生长的影响,本研究选取10年龄左右的人工梭梭林,分析地下水埋深和土壤含水率对梭梭生长的影响,结果表明:1)梭梭当年新枝生长量与地下水埋深之间呈显著负相关,与20-80cm层土壤含水率呈显著正相关。地下水埋深小于10m时,20-80cm层土壤含水率高于2%,梭梭生长旺盛,且当年新枝生长量随着地下水埋深的不断增大而逐渐减少,不同地下水埋深间当年新枝生长量差异显著,地下水是梭梭生长的关键因子;当地下水埋深超过10m时,20-80cm层土壤含水率随之小于2%,当年新枝生长量急剧减少,且不同地下水埋深间当年新枝生长量差异不显著,地下水对梭梭生长的影响非常小,梭梭基本处于生长不良或停滞状态。2)地下水埋深和土壤含水率对梭梭冠幅大小的影响趋势总体和当年新枝的生长量基本相同,但影响程度较当年新枝生长量轻,以地下水埋深10m为分界点,10m以内梭梭冠幅相对较大,不同地下水埋深间冠幅大小差异不显著;大于10m时梭梭冠幅较小,与小于10m的各分布区差异显著。同时梭梭冠幅的大小受生境等多种因素的影响。
As the most widely distributed artificial sand-fixing forest in Minqin oasis, H. ammodendron forest plays an important role in protecting the ecological environment of Minqin oasis, but its decline and death are very serious. In this study, natural H. ammodendron forest of about 10 years old was selected to analyze the effect of groundwater depth and soil water content on the growth of artificial H. ammodendron forest. The results showed: There is a significant negative correlation between the growth of new branches and the groundwater depth, and a significant positive correlation between the growth of new branches and the soil water content in 20-80 cm layer. When the groundwater depth is less than 10 m, the soil water content in 20-80 cm layer is higher than 2%, H. ammodendron grows vigorously; the growth of new branches decreases gradually with the increase of groundwater depth, the difference is significant between different groundwater depth, so the groundwater depth plays a key role in the growth of H. ammodendron. When the groundwater depth is more than 10 m, the soil water content in 20-80 cm layer is lower than 2%, the growth of new branches of H. ammodendron decreases sharply, the difference is not significant between different groundwater depth, the groundwater depth makes little influence on the growth of H. ammodendron, the growth is basically stagnation. 2) The influence of groundwater depth and soil water content on the crown width of H. ammodendron shows the same trend with the growth of new branches, but the degree of influence is lower than the growth of new branches, there is a demarcation point of 10 m of groundwater depth, when the groundwater depth is less than 10 m, the crown width is relatively large, and the difference is not significant between different groundwater depth; when the groundwater depth is more than 10 m, the crown width is relatively small, and the difference is significant between less than 10 m. The crown width is influenced by many factors, such as habitat etc.
As the most widely distributed artificial sand-fixing forest in Minqin oasis, H. ammodendron forest plays an important role in protecting the ecological environment of Minqin oasis, but its decline and death are very serious. In this study, natural H. ammodendron forest of about 10 years old was selected to analyze the effect of groundwater depth and soil water content on the growth of artificial H. ammodendron forest. The results showed: There is a significant negative correlation between the growth of new branches and the groundwater depth, and a significant positive correlation between the growth of new branches and the soil water content in 20-80 cm layer. When the groundwater depth is less than 10 m, the soil water content in 20-80 cm layer is higher than 2%, H. ammodendron grows vigorously; the growth of new branches decreases gradually with the increase of groundwater depth, the difference is significant between different groundwater depth, so the groundwater depth plays a key role in the growth of H. ammodendron. When the groundwater depth is more than 10 m, the soil water content in 20-80 cm layer is lower than 2%, the growth of new branches of H. ammodendron decreases sharply, the difference is not significant between different groundwater depth, the groundwater depth makes little influence on the growth of H. ammodendron, the growth is basically stagnation. 2) The influence of groundwater depth and soil water content on the crown width of H. ammodendron shows the same trend with the growth of new branches, but the degree of influence is lower than the growth of new branches, there is a demarcation point of 10 m of groundwater depth, when the groundwater depth is less than 10 m, the crown width is relatively large, and the difference is not significant between different groundwater depth; when the groundwater depth is more than 10 m, the crown width is relatively small, and the difference is significant between less than 10 m. The crown width is influenced by many factors, such as habitat etc.
引文
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[15] 丁声怀,王继和.民勤地区梭梭固沙林衰亡原因的初步研究[J].甘肃林业科技,1985(3):56-59.
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[18] 李银芳,杨戈.梭梭人工林密度研究[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(1):22-26.
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[20] 刘家琼.民勤梭梭死亡原因的研究[J].中国沙漠,1982,2(2):44-46.
[2] 常兆丰,赵明.石羊河下游荒漠生态研究[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,2006:9-27,50.
[3] 刘虎俊,王继和,常兆丰,等.石羊河下游荒漠植物区系及其植被特征[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(2):113-118.
[4] 王继和,马全林.民勤绿洲人工梭梭林退化现状、特征与恢复对策[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(12):2017-2112.
[5] 马全林,王继和,刘虎俊,等.民勤绿洲边缘内柽柳荒漠林的时空变化及驱动因素[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(5):802-808.
[6] 赵文智,程国栋.干旱区生态水文过程研究若干问题评述[J].科学通报,2011,46(22):1851-1857.
[7] Hu T E,Smith M D,Fay P A,et al.Convergence across biomes to a common rain-use efficiency[J].Nature,2004,429(6992):651-654.
[8] 马金珠,王刚,李丁,等.民勤盆地沙漠化、贫困化与水资源开发利用[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(4):551-558.
[9] 刘虎俊,王继和,孙坤,等.干旱区荒漠景观的植被自然更新机制初探[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(9):1816-1820.
[10] 常兆丰,赵明,仲生年,等.民勤沙区植被退化与年际降水量关系的定位研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(7):1295-1302.
[11] 杨自辉,高志海.荒漠绿洲边缘降水和地下水对白刺群落消长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(6):923-926.
[12] 杨雪菲.民勤绿洲地下水位动态变化与气候变化下的植被响应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011:11-18,45.
[13] 徐先英,丁国栋,高志海,等.近50年民勤绿洲生态环境演变及综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2006,4(l):40-48.
[14] 朱雅娟,贾志清,刘丽颖,等.民勤绿洲外围不同林龄人工梭梭林的土壤水分特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):442-446.
[15] 丁声怀,王继和.民勤地区梭梭固沙林衰亡原因的初步研究[J].甘肃林业科技,1985(3):56-59.
[16] 丁宏伟.石羊河流域绿洲开发与水资源利用[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(4):416-421.
[17] 马金珠,魏红.民勤地下水资源开发引起的生态与环境问题[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(4):261-265.
[18] 李银芳,杨戈.梭梭人工林密度研究[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(1):22-26.
[19] 王继和.甘肃治沙理论与实践[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1999:78-83.
[20] 刘家琼.民勤梭梭死亡原因的研究[J].中国沙漠,1982,2(2):44-46.