The Asian Lineage of Zika Virus: Transmission and Evolution in Asia and the Americas
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摘要
Since first isolation in 1947 from the Zika forest in Uganda, Zika virus(ZIKV) has been principally known as a benign agent associated with sporadic human infections in a restricted number of African countries. However, during 2015–2016,an Asian lineage of ZIKV caused an unprecedentedly large outbreak in the Americas and sizeable numbers of exported cases across the globe. In this review, we critically appraise the recent advances in molecular epidemiological studies of ZIKV performed to date, and we highlight the pivotal role played by genomic surveillance in elucidating the origins,dissemination and evolution of the Asian lineage of ZIKV in Asia and in the Americas.
Since first isolation in 1947 from the Zika forest in Uganda, Zika virus(ZIKV) has been principally known as a benign agent associated with sporadic human infections in a restricted number of African countries. However, during 2015–2016,an Asian lineage of ZIKV caused an unprecedentedly large outbreak in the Americas and sizeable numbers of exported cases across the globe. In this review, we critically appraise the recent advances in molecular epidemiological studies of ZIKV performed to date, and we highlight the pivotal role played by genomic surveillance in elucidating the origins,dissemination and evolution of the Asian lineage of ZIKV in Asia and in the Americas.
Since first isolation in 1947 from the Zika forest in Uganda, Zika virus(ZIKV) has been principally known as a benign agent associated with sporadic human infections in a restricted number of African countries. However, during 2015–2016,an Asian lineage of ZIKV caused an unprecedentedly large outbreak in the Americas and sizeable numbers of exported cases across the globe. In this review, we critically appraise the recent advances in molecular epidemiological studies of ZIKV performed to date, and we highlight the pivotal role played by genomic surveillance in elucidating the origins,dissemination and evolution of the Asian lineage of ZIKV in Asia and in the Americas.
引文
Bayer A,Lennemann NJ,Ouyang Y,Bramley JC,Morosky S,Marques ET Jr,Cherry S,Sadovsky Y,Coyne CB(2016)Type iii interferons produced by human placental trophoblasts confer protection against zika virus infection.Cell Host Microbe19:705-712
Besnard M,Eyrolle-Guignot D,Guillemette-Artur P,Lastere S,BostBezeaud F,Marcelis L,Abadie V,Garel C,Moutard ML,Jouannic JM,Rozenberg F,Leparc-Goffart I,Mallet HP(2016)Congenital cerebral malformations and dysfunction in fetuses and newborns following the 2013 to 2014 zika virus epidemic in french polynesia.Euro Surveill 21:30181
Bouckaert R,Heled J,Kuhnert D,Vaughan T,Wu CH,Xie D,Suchard MA,Rambaut A,Drummond AJ(2014)Beast 2:a software platform for bayesian evolutionary analysis.PLoSComput Biol 10:e1003537
Broutet N,Krauer F,Riesen M,Khalakdina A,Almiron M,Aldighieri S,Espinal M,Low N,Dye C(2016)Zika virus as a cause of neurologic disorders.N Engl J Med 374:1506-1509
Calvet GA,Santos FB,Sequeira PC(2016)Zika virus infection:epidemiology,clinical manifestations and diagnosis.Curr Opin Infect Dis 29:459-466
Cao-Lormeau VM,Roche C,Teissier A,Robin E,Berry AL,Mallet HP,Sall AA,Musso D(2014)Zika virus,french polynesia,south pacific,2013.Emerg Infect Dis 20:1085-1086
Cao-Lormeau VM,Blake A,Mons S,Lastere S,Roche C,Vanhomwegen J,Dub T,Baudouin L,Teissier A,Larre P,Vial AL,Decam C,Choumet V,Halstead SK,Willison HJ,Musset L,Manuguerra JC,Despres P,Fournier E,Mallet HP,Musso D,Fontanet A,Neil J,Ghawche F(2016)Guillain-barre syndrome outbreak associated with zika virus infection in french polynesia:a case-control study.Lancet 387:1531-1539
Delatorre E,Fernandez J,Bello G(2018)Investigating the role of easter island in migration of zika virus from south pacific to americas.Emerg Infect Dis 24:2119-2121
Driggers RW,Ho CY,Korhonen EM,Kuivanen S,Jaaskelainen AJ,Smura T,Rosenberg A,Hill DA,DeBiasi RL,Vezina G,Timofeev J,Rodriguez FJ,Levanov L,Razak J,Iyengar P,Hennenfent A,Kennedy R,Lanciotti R,du Plessis A,Vapalahti O(2016)Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities.N Engl J Med 374:2142-2151
Drummond AJ,Suchard MA,Xie D,Rambaut A(2012)Bayesian phylogenetics with beauti and the beast 1.7.Mol Biol Evol29:1969-1973
Duffy MR,Chen TH,Hancock WT,Powers AM,Kool JL,Lanciotti RS,Pretrick M,Marfel M,Holzbauer S,Dubray C,Guillaumot L,Griggs A,Bel M,Lambert AJ,Laven J,Kosoy O,Panella A,Biggerstaff BJ,Fischer M,Hayes EB(2009)Zika virus outbreak on yap island,federated states of micronesia.N Engl J Med360:2536-2543
Faria NR,Azevedo R,Kraemer MUG,Souza R,Cunha MS,Hill SC,The′ze′J,Bonsall MB,Bowden TA,Rissanen I et al(2016)Zika virus in the americas:early epidemiological and genetic findings.Science 352:345-349
Faria NR,Quick J,Claro IM,The′ze′J,de Jesus JG,Giovanetti M,Kraemer MUG,Hill SC,Black A,da Costa AC et al(2017)Establishment and cryptic transmission of zika virus in brazil and the americas.Nature 546:406-410
Gong Z,Gao Y,Han GZ(2016)Zika virus:two or three lineages?Trends Microbiol 24:521-522
Grubaugh ND,Ladner JT,Kraemer MUG,Dudas G,Tan AL,Gangavarapu K,Wiley MR,White S,The′ze′J,Magnani DMet al(2017)Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of zika virus into the united states.Nature 546:401-405
Gubler DJ,Vasilakis N,Musso D(2017)History and emergence of zika virus.J Infect Dis 216:S860-S867
Hamel R,Liegeois F,Wichit S,Pompon J,Diop F,Talignani L,Thomas F,Despres P,Yssel H,Misse D(2016)Zika virus:epidemiology,clinical features and host-virus interactions.Microbes Infect 18:441-449
Hancock WT,Marfel M,Bel M(2014)Zika virus,french polynesia,south pacific,2013.Emerg Infect Dis 20:1960
Ikejezie J,Shapiro CN,Kim J,Chiu M,Almiron M,Ugarte C,Espinal MA,Aldighieri S(2017)Zika virus transmission-region of the americas,may 15,2015-December 15,2016.Am J Transplant17:1681-1686
Ioos S,Mallet HP,Leparc Goffart I,Gauthier V,Cardoso T,Herida M(2014)Current zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics.Med Mal Infect 44:302-307
Jagger BW,Miner JJ,Cao B,Arora N,Smith AM,Kovacs A,Mysorekar IU,Coyne CB,Diamond MS(2017)Gestational stage and ifn-lambda signaling regulate zikv infection in utero.Cell Host Microbe 22:366-376
Kenney AD,Dowdle JA,Bozzacco L,McMichael TM,St Gelais C,Panfil AR,Sun Y,Schlesinger LS,Anderson MZ,Green PL,Lopez CB,Rosenberg BR,Wu L,Yount JS(2017)Human genetic determinants of viral diseases.Annu Rev Genet51:241-263
Lanciotti RS,Kosoy OL,Laven JJ,Velez JO,Lambert AJ,Johnson AJ,Stanfield SM,Duffy MR(2008)Genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic,yap state,micronesia,2007.Emerg Infect Dis 14:1232-1239
Lednicky J,Beau De Rochars VM,El Badry M,Loeb J,Telisma T,Chavannes S,Anilis G,Cella E,Ciccozzi M,Rashid M,Okech B,Salemi M,Morris JG Jr(2016)Zika virus outbreak in haiti in2014:molecular and clinical data.PLoS Negl Trop Dis10:e0004687
Lim SK,Lim JK,Yoon IK(2017)An update on zika virus in asia.Infect Chemother 49:91-100
Liu Y,Liu J,Du S,Shan C,Nie K,Zhang R,Li XF,Zhang R,Wang T,Qin CF,Wang P,Shi PY,Cheng G(2017)Evolutionary enhancement of zika virus infectivity in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.Nature 545:482-486
Liu ZY,Shi WF,Qin CF(2019)The evolution of Zika virus from Asia to the Americas.Nat Rev Microbiol(in press)
Marchette NJ,Garcia R,Rudnick A(1969)Isolation of zika virus from aedes aegypti mosquitoes in malaysia.Am J Trop Med Hyg18:411-415
Metsky HC,Matranga CB,Wohl S,Schaffner SF,Freije CA,Winnicki SM,West K,Qu J,Baniecki ML,Gladden-Young Aet al(2017)Zika virus evolution and spread in the americas.Nature 546:411-415
Mlakar J,Korva M,Tul N,Popovic M,Poljsak-Prijatelj M,Mraz J,Kolenc M,Resman Rus K,Vesnaver Vipotnik T,Fabjan Vodusek V,Vizjak A,Pizem J,Petrovec M,Avsic Zupanc T(2016)Zika virus associated with microcephaly.N Engl J Med374:951-958
Moi ML,Nguyen TTT,Nguyen CT,Vu TBH,Tun MMN,Pham TD,Pham NT,Tran T,Morita K,Le TQM,Dang DA,Hasebe F(2017)Zika virus infection and microcephaly in vietnam.Lancet Infect Dis 17:805-806
Musso D,Gubler DJ(2016)Zika virus.Clin Microbiol Rev29:487-524
Netto EM,Moreira-Soto A,Pedroso C,Hoser C,Funk S,Kucharski AJ,Rockstroh A,Kummerer BM,Sampaio GS,Luz E et al(2017)High zika virus seroprevalence in salvador,northeastern brazil limits the potential for further outbreaks.MBio 8:e01390-17
O’Brien TR,Prokunina-Olsson L,Donnelly RP(2014)Ifn-lambda4:the paradoxical new member of the interferon lambda family.J Interferon Cytokine Res 34:829-838
Oehler E,Watrin L,Larre P,Leparc-Goffart I,Lastere S,Valour F,Baudouin L,Mallet H,Musso D,Ghawche F(2014)Zika virus infection complicated by guillain-barre syndrome-case report,french polynesia,December 2013.Euro Surveill 19:20720
Olson JG,Ksiazek TG,Suhandiman Triwibowo(1981)Zika virus,a cause of fever in central java,indonesia.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 75:389-393
Pettersson JH,Eldholm V,Seligman SJ,Lundkvist A,Falconar AK,Gaunt MW,Musso D,Nougairede A,Charrel R,Gould EA,de Lamballerie X(2016)How did zika virus emerge in the pacific islands and latin america?MBio 7:e01239-16
Rossi SL,Ebel GD,Shan C,Shi PY,Vasilakis N(2018)Did zika virus mutate to cause severe outbreaks?Trends Microbiol26:877-885
Shen S,Shi J,Wang J,Tang S,Wang H,Hu Z,Deng F(2016)Phylogenetic analysis revealed the central roles of two african countries in the evolution and worldwide spread of zika virus.Virol Sin 31:118-130
Shi W,Zhang Z,Ling C,Carr MJ,Tong Y,Gao GF(2016)Increasing genetic diversity of zika virus in the latin american outbreak.Emerg Microbes Infect 5:e68
Singapore Zika Study G(2017)Outbreak of zika virus infection in singapore:an epidemiological,entomological,virological,and clinical analysis.Lancet Infect Dis 17:813-821
Siraj AS,Perkins TA(2017)Assessing the population at risk of zika virus in asia-is the emergency really over?BMJ Glob Health2:e000309
Song BH,Yun SI,Woolley M,Lee YM(2017)Zika virus:history,epidemiology,transmission,and clinical presentation.J Neuroimmunol 308:50-64
Stadler T,Kuhnert D,Bonhoeffer S,Drummond AJ(2013)Birthdeath skyline plot reveals temporal changes of epidemic spread in hiv and hepatitis c virus(hcv).Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A110:228-233
ThezeJ,Li T,du Plessis L,Bouquet J,Kraemer MUG,Somasekar S,Yu G,de Cesare M,Balmaseda A,Kuan G et al(2018)Genomic epidemiology reconstructs the introduction and spread of zika virus in central america and mexico.Cell Host Microbe23:855-864.e7
Wang L,Valderramos SG,Wu A,Ouyang S,Li C,Brasil P,Bonaldo M,Coates T,Nielsen-Saines K,Jiang T,Aliyari R,Cheng G(2016)From mosquitos to humans:genetic evolution of zika virus.Cell Host Microbe 19:561-565
Wilder-Smith A,Chang CR,Leong WY(2018)Zika in travellers1947-2017:a systematic review.J Travel Med 25:tay044.https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tay044
Wongsurawat T,Athipanyasilp N,Jenjaroenpun P,Jun SR,Kaewnapan B,Wassenaar TM,Leelahakorn N,Angkasekwinai N,Kantakamalakul W,Ussery DW,Sutthent R,Nookaew I,Horthongkham N(2018)Case of microcephaly after congenital infection with asian lineage zika virus,thailand.Emerg Infect Dis 24:1758.https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2409.180416
Worobey M(2017)Epidemiology:molecular mapping of zika spread.Nature 546:355-357
Ye Q,Liu ZY,Han JF,Jiang T,Li XF,Qin CF(2016)Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of zika virus circulating in the americas.Infect Genet Evol 43:43-49
Yuan L,Huang XY,Liu ZY,Zhang F,Zhu XL,Yu JY,Ji X,Xu YP,Li G,Li C,Wang HJ,Deng YQ,Wu M,Cheng ML,Ye Q,Xie DY,Li XF,Wang X,Shi W,Hu B,Shi PY,Xu Z,Qin CF(2017)A single mutation in the prm protein of zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly.Science 358:933-936
Zhang Y,Chen W,Wong G,Bi Y,Yan J,Sun Y,Chen E,Yan H,Lou X,Mao H,Xia S,Gao GF,Shi W,Chen Z(2016)Highly diversified zika viruses imported to china,2016.Protein Cell7:461-464
Besnard M,Eyrolle-Guignot D,Guillemette-Artur P,Lastere S,BostBezeaud F,Marcelis L,Abadie V,Garel C,Moutard ML,Jouannic JM,Rozenberg F,Leparc-Goffart I,Mallet HP(2016)Congenital cerebral malformations and dysfunction in fetuses and newborns following the 2013 to 2014 zika virus epidemic in french polynesia.Euro Surveill 21:30181
Bouckaert R,Heled J,Kuhnert D,Vaughan T,Wu CH,Xie D,Suchard MA,Rambaut A,Drummond AJ(2014)Beast 2:a software platform for bayesian evolutionary analysis.PLoSComput Biol 10:e1003537
Broutet N,Krauer F,Riesen M,Khalakdina A,Almiron M,Aldighieri S,Espinal M,Low N,Dye C(2016)Zika virus as a cause of neurologic disorders.N Engl J Med 374:1506-1509
Calvet GA,Santos FB,Sequeira PC(2016)Zika virus infection:epidemiology,clinical manifestations and diagnosis.Curr Opin Infect Dis 29:459-466
Cao-Lormeau VM,Roche C,Teissier A,Robin E,Berry AL,Mallet HP,Sall AA,Musso D(2014)Zika virus,french polynesia,south pacific,2013.Emerg Infect Dis 20:1085-1086
Cao-Lormeau VM,Blake A,Mons S,Lastere S,Roche C,Vanhomwegen J,Dub T,Baudouin L,Teissier A,Larre P,Vial AL,Decam C,Choumet V,Halstead SK,Willison HJ,Musset L,Manuguerra JC,Despres P,Fournier E,Mallet HP,Musso D,Fontanet A,Neil J,Ghawche F(2016)Guillain-barre syndrome outbreak associated with zika virus infection in french polynesia:a case-control study.Lancet 387:1531-1539
Delatorre E,Fernandez J,Bello G(2018)Investigating the role of easter island in migration of zika virus from south pacific to americas.Emerg Infect Dis 24:2119-2121
Driggers RW,Ho CY,Korhonen EM,Kuivanen S,Jaaskelainen AJ,Smura T,Rosenberg A,Hill DA,DeBiasi RL,Vezina G,Timofeev J,Rodriguez FJ,Levanov L,Razak J,Iyengar P,Hennenfent A,Kennedy R,Lanciotti R,du Plessis A,Vapalahti O(2016)Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities.N Engl J Med 374:2142-2151
Drummond AJ,Suchard MA,Xie D,Rambaut A(2012)Bayesian phylogenetics with beauti and the beast 1.7.Mol Biol Evol29:1969-1973
Duffy MR,Chen TH,Hancock WT,Powers AM,Kool JL,Lanciotti RS,Pretrick M,Marfel M,Holzbauer S,Dubray C,Guillaumot L,Griggs A,Bel M,Lambert AJ,Laven J,Kosoy O,Panella A,Biggerstaff BJ,Fischer M,Hayes EB(2009)Zika virus outbreak on yap island,federated states of micronesia.N Engl J Med360:2536-2543
Faria NR,Azevedo R,Kraemer MUG,Souza R,Cunha MS,Hill SC,The′ze′J,Bonsall MB,Bowden TA,Rissanen I et al(2016)Zika virus in the americas:early epidemiological and genetic findings.Science 352:345-349
Faria NR,Quick J,Claro IM,The′ze′J,de Jesus JG,Giovanetti M,Kraemer MUG,Hill SC,Black A,da Costa AC et al(2017)Establishment and cryptic transmission of zika virus in brazil and the americas.Nature 546:406-410
Gong Z,Gao Y,Han GZ(2016)Zika virus:two or three lineages?Trends Microbiol 24:521-522
Grubaugh ND,Ladner JT,Kraemer MUG,Dudas G,Tan AL,Gangavarapu K,Wiley MR,White S,The′ze′J,Magnani DMet al(2017)Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of zika virus into the united states.Nature 546:401-405
Gubler DJ,Vasilakis N,Musso D(2017)History and emergence of zika virus.J Infect Dis 216:S860-S867
Hamel R,Liegeois F,Wichit S,Pompon J,Diop F,Talignani L,Thomas F,Despres P,Yssel H,Misse D(2016)Zika virus:epidemiology,clinical features and host-virus interactions.Microbes Infect 18:441-449
Hancock WT,Marfel M,Bel M(2014)Zika virus,french polynesia,south pacific,2013.Emerg Infect Dis 20:1960
Ikejezie J,Shapiro CN,Kim J,Chiu M,Almiron M,Ugarte C,Espinal MA,Aldighieri S(2017)Zika virus transmission-region of the americas,may 15,2015-December 15,2016.Am J Transplant17:1681-1686
Ioos S,Mallet HP,Leparc Goffart I,Gauthier V,Cardoso T,Herida M(2014)Current zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics.Med Mal Infect 44:302-307
Jagger BW,Miner JJ,Cao B,Arora N,Smith AM,Kovacs A,Mysorekar IU,Coyne CB,Diamond MS(2017)Gestational stage and ifn-lambda signaling regulate zikv infection in utero.Cell Host Microbe 22:366-376
Kenney AD,Dowdle JA,Bozzacco L,McMichael TM,St Gelais C,Panfil AR,Sun Y,Schlesinger LS,Anderson MZ,Green PL,Lopez CB,Rosenberg BR,Wu L,Yount JS(2017)Human genetic determinants of viral diseases.Annu Rev Genet51:241-263
Lanciotti RS,Kosoy OL,Laven JJ,Velez JO,Lambert AJ,Johnson AJ,Stanfield SM,Duffy MR(2008)Genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic,yap state,micronesia,2007.Emerg Infect Dis 14:1232-1239
Lednicky J,Beau De Rochars VM,El Badry M,Loeb J,Telisma T,Chavannes S,Anilis G,Cella E,Ciccozzi M,Rashid M,Okech B,Salemi M,Morris JG Jr(2016)Zika virus outbreak in haiti in2014:molecular and clinical data.PLoS Negl Trop Dis10:e0004687
Lim SK,Lim JK,Yoon IK(2017)An update on zika virus in asia.Infect Chemother 49:91-100
Liu Y,Liu J,Du S,Shan C,Nie K,Zhang R,Li XF,Zhang R,Wang T,Qin CF,Wang P,Shi PY,Cheng G(2017)Evolutionary enhancement of zika virus infectivity in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.Nature 545:482-486
Liu ZY,Shi WF,Qin CF(2019)The evolution of Zika virus from Asia to the Americas.Nat Rev Microbiol(in press)
Marchette NJ,Garcia R,Rudnick A(1969)Isolation of zika virus from aedes aegypti mosquitoes in malaysia.Am J Trop Med Hyg18:411-415
Metsky HC,Matranga CB,Wohl S,Schaffner SF,Freije CA,Winnicki SM,West K,Qu J,Baniecki ML,Gladden-Young Aet al(2017)Zika virus evolution and spread in the americas.Nature 546:411-415
Mlakar J,Korva M,Tul N,Popovic M,Poljsak-Prijatelj M,Mraz J,Kolenc M,Resman Rus K,Vesnaver Vipotnik T,Fabjan Vodusek V,Vizjak A,Pizem J,Petrovec M,Avsic Zupanc T(2016)Zika virus associated with microcephaly.N Engl J Med374:951-958
Moi ML,Nguyen TTT,Nguyen CT,Vu TBH,Tun MMN,Pham TD,Pham NT,Tran T,Morita K,Le TQM,Dang DA,Hasebe F(2017)Zika virus infection and microcephaly in vietnam.Lancet Infect Dis 17:805-806
Musso D,Gubler DJ(2016)Zika virus.Clin Microbiol Rev29:487-524
Netto EM,Moreira-Soto A,Pedroso C,Hoser C,Funk S,Kucharski AJ,Rockstroh A,Kummerer BM,Sampaio GS,Luz E et al(2017)High zika virus seroprevalence in salvador,northeastern brazil limits the potential for further outbreaks.MBio 8:e01390-17
O’Brien TR,Prokunina-Olsson L,Donnelly RP(2014)Ifn-lambda4:the paradoxical new member of the interferon lambda family.J Interferon Cytokine Res 34:829-838
Oehler E,Watrin L,Larre P,Leparc-Goffart I,Lastere S,Valour F,Baudouin L,Mallet H,Musso D,Ghawche F(2014)Zika virus infection complicated by guillain-barre syndrome-case report,french polynesia,December 2013.Euro Surveill 19:20720
Olson JG,Ksiazek TG,Suhandiman Triwibowo(1981)Zika virus,a cause of fever in central java,indonesia.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 75:389-393
Pettersson JH,Eldholm V,Seligman SJ,Lundkvist A,Falconar AK,Gaunt MW,Musso D,Nougairede A,Charrel R,Gould EA,de Lamballerie X(2016)How did zika virus emerge in the pacific islands and latin america?MBio 7:e01239-16
Rossi SL,Ebel GD,Shan C,Shi PY,Vasilakis N(2018)Did zika virus mutate to cause severe outbreaks?Trends Microbiol26:877-885
Shen S,Shi J,Wang J,Tang S,Wang H,Hu Z,Deng F(2016)Phylogenetic analysis revealed the central roles of two african countries in the evolution and worldwide spread of zika virus.Virol Sin 31:118-130
Shi W,Zhang Z,Ling C,Carr MJ,Tong Y,Gao GF(2016)Increasing genetic diversity of zika virus in the latin american outbreak.Emerg Microbes Infect 5:e68
Singapore Zika Study G(2017)Outbreak of zika virus infection in singapore:an epidemiological,entomological,virological,and clinical analysis.Lancet Infect Dis 17:813-821
Siraj AS,Perkins TA(2017)Assessing the population at risk of zika virus in asia-is the emergency really over?BMJ Glob Health2:e000309
Song BH,Yun SI,Woolley M,Lee YM(2017)Zika virus:history,epidemiology,transmission,and clinical presentation.J Neuroimmunol 308:50-64
Stadler T,Kuhnert D,Bonhoeffer S,Drummond AJ(2013)Birthdeath skyline plot reveals temporal changes of epidemic spread in hiv and hepatitis c virus(hcv).Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A110:228-233
ThezeJ,Li T,du Plessis L,Bouquet J,Kraemer MUG,Somasekar S,Yu G,de Cesare M,Balmaseda A,Kuan G et al(2018)Genomic epidemiology reconstructs the introduction and spread of zika virus in central america and mexico.Cell Host Microbe23:855-864.e7
Wang L,Valderramos SG,Wu A,Ouyang S,Li C,Brasil P,Bonaldo M,Coates T,Nielsen-Saines K,Jiang T,Aliyari R,Cheng G(2016)From mosquitos to humans:genetic evolution of zika virus.Cell Host Microbe 19:561-565
Wilder-Smith A,Chang CR,Leong WY(2018)Zika in travellers1947-2017:a systematic review.J Travel Med 25:tay044.https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tay044
Wongsurawat T,Athipanyasilp N,Jenjaroenpun P,Jun SR,Kaewnapan B,Wassenaar TM,Leelahakorn N,Angkasekwinai N,Kantakamalakul W,Ussery DW,Sutthent R,Nookaew I,Horthongkham N(2018)Case of microcephaly after congenital infection with asian lineage zika virus,thailand.Emerg Infect Dis 24:1758.https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2409.180416
Worobey M(2017)Epidemiology:molecular mapping of zika spread.Nature 546:355-357
Ye Q,Liu ZY,Han JF,Jiang T,Li XF,Qin CF(2016)Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of zika virus circulating in the americas.Infect Genet Evol 43:43-49
Yuan L,Huang XY,Liu ZY,Zhang F,Zhu XL,Yu JY,Ji X,Xu YP,Li G,Li C,Wang HJ,Deng YQ,Wu M,Cheng ML,Ye Q,Xie DY,Li XF,Wang X,Shi W,Hu B,Shi PY,Xu Z,Qin CF(2017)A single mutation in the prm protein of zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly.Science 358:933-936
Zhang Y,Chen W,Wong G,Bi Y,Yan J,Sun Y,Chen E,Yan H,Lou X,Mao H,Xia S,Gao GF,Shi W,Chen Z(2016)Highly diversified zika viruses imported to china,2016.Protein Cell7:461-464
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