长江中游区湿地现状及保护对策分析
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摘要
综合利用研究区域354景高分辨率遥感影像数据,对长江中游湿地分布现状进行了解译与分析,并结合保护体系建设现状及存在的问题,提出了长江中游湿地保护对策与建议。分析结果表明:长江中游区河流型湿地面积为4836.82 km~2,湖库型湿地面积为11000.98 km~2,分别占中游区总面积的0.71%和1.62%;至2016年底,长江中游共建立县级以上湿地自然保护区80处,省级以上湿地公园314处。从现有的保护体系建设来看,存在保护体系覆盖面积小、覆盖范围窄、覆盖布局不合理等问题。针对以上问题提出加大湿地保护力度、合理划定生态红线、优化湿地保护体系、完善湿地保护立法等对策。开展长江中游区湿地空间分布和保护体系建设分析,对长江流域经济、社会和生态的可持续发展具有重要的科技支撑作用。
The analysis on spatial distribution of wetlands in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River and the construction of wetland conservation system plays an important role in scientific and technological support for sustainable development of economy, society and ecology of the Changjiang River Basin. 354 remote sensing images with high resolution are used to interpret and analyze the current distribution of wetlands in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. Combined with the current status of wetland conservation system and its problems, the countermeasures and suggestions for wetland protection in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River are proposed. The results indicate that: in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, the area of fluvial wetlands is 4836.82 km~2, the area of lake and reservoir wetlands is 11000.98 km~2, accounting for 0.71% and 1.62% of the total area of the middle reaches; By the end of 2016, there have been 80 wetland nature reserves at the county level or above and 314 wetland parks at the provincial level or above in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. The problems of wetland conservation system include the unreasonable distribution, small and narrow coverage, unreasonable coverage layout. To address these problems, this study proposes several countermeasures, including intensifying wetland protection, defining ecological red line reasonably, optimizing wetland conservation system, and improving legislation of wetland protection.
The analysis on spatial distribution of wetlands in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River and the construction of wetland conservation system plays an important role in scientific and technological support for sustainable development of economy, society and ecology of the Changjiang River Basin. 354 remote sensing images with high resolution are used to interpret and analyze the current distribution of wetlands in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. Combined with the current status of wetland conservation system and its problems, the countermeasures and suggestions for wetland protection in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River are proposed. The results indicate that: in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, the area of fluvial wetlands is 4836.82 km~2, the area of lake and reservoir wetlands is 11000.98 km~2, accounting for 0.71% and 1.62% of the total area of the middle reaches; By the end of 2016, there have been 80 wetland nature reserves at the county level or above and 314 wetland parks at the provincial level or above in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. The problems of wetland conservation system include the unreasonable distribution, small and narrow coverage, unreasonable coverage layout. To address these problems, this study proposes several countermeasures, including intensifying wetland protection, defining ecological red line reasonably, optimizing wetland conservation system, and improving legislation of wetland protection.
引文
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[5] 白照广.高分一号卫星的技术特点[J].中国航天,2013(8):5-9.
[6] 詹道江,徐向阳,陈元芳.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
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[10] Bruner A G,Gullison R E,Rice R E.Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity[J].Science,2001,291(5501):125-128.
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[14] Xu W,Xiao Y,Zhang J,et al.Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China[C]// Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2017,114(7):1601-1606.
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