旅游体验前后日常环境行为对具体地点环境行为的影响——以大学生黄山旅游体验为例
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摘要
明确日常生活中与旅游情境下环境责任行为之间的关系对于推进个体环境责任行为具有重要意义。将黄山旅游体验操作化为体验经历,以同一批次黄山旅游者游前、游后的环境责任行为调查数据为基础,运用Smart PLS软件,基于最小二乘法,对游前和游后的日常环境责任行为对具体地点环境责任行为之间的影响关系进行检验。研究结果表明:(1)游前和游后数据均显示,日常环境责任行为不同维度均部分影响具体地点环境责任行为,但影响有限。(2)行为之间相似性越高,越容易产生影响。(3)旅游体验后的日常环境责任行为对具体地点环境责任行为的影响略大于游前两者之间的影响,旅游体验可能会增强行为之间的正向影响。
The research on environmentally responsible behavior mainly focuses on daily life context, less on tourism context, not to mention the lack of comparison in different situation. It is essential and urgent to strengthen the relevant research in the context of natural tourism and to compare the behaviors in different conditions. The nature-based tourism experience may have a positive impact on visitors' environmental behavior, so this article focuses on the relationship between the two kinds of environmentally responsible behavior(before and after the visit). Based on the survey data of environmentally responsible behavior of the same batch of Huangshan tourists before and after the tour, this paper uses Smart PLS software and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling to examine the impact of general environmentally responsible behaviors(before and after the trip) on site-specific environmentally responsible behaviors(on site). Firstly,the empirical results indicate that general environmentally responsible behaviors affect the site-specific environmentally responsible behaviors partly, and the influence is limited. Secondly, there are more significant influences between the more relative behaviors. Thirdly, the impact of general environmental responsibility behavior after the tourism experience on the site-specific environmental responsibility behavior is slightly greater than the impact between the two before visit.
The research on environmentally responsible behavior mainly focuses on daily life context, less on tourism context, not to mention the lack of comparison in different situation. It is essential and urgent to strengthen the relevant research in the context of natural tourism and to compare the behaviors in different conditions. The nature-based tourism experience may have a positive impact on visitors' environmental behavior, so this article focuses on the relationship between the two kinds of environmentally responsible behavior(before and after the visit). Based on the survey data of environmentally responsible behavior of the same batch of Huangshan tourists before and after the tour, this paper uses Smart PLS software and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling to examine the impact of general environmentally responsible behaviors(before and after the trip) on site-specific environmentally responsible behaviors(on site). Firstly,the empirical results indicate that general environmentally responsible behaviors affect the site-specific environmentally responsible behaviors partly, and the influence is limited. Secondly, there are more significant influences between the more relative behaviors. Thirdly, the impact of general environmental responsibility behavior after the tourism experience on the site-specific environmental responsibility behavior is slightly greater than the impact between the two before visit.
引文
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[22]高静,洪文艺,李文明,等.自然保护区游客环境态度与行为初步研究——以鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例[J].经济地理,2009,29(11):1931-1936.[Gao Jing, Hong Wenyi, Li Wenming, et al. Visitors'environmental attitude&behavior in natural reserve:The case of Poyang lake natural reserve[J]. Economic Geography, 2009,29(11):1931-1936.]
[23]陈晓艳,黄震方,汤傅佳,等.基于总体态度中介变量的事件旅游影响居民感知与支持行为研究——以第八届中国花博会为例[J].人文地理,2016,31(5):106-112.[Chen Xiaoyan, Huang Zhenfang,Tang Fujia, et al. Tourism impact perception and supportive behavior of residents for event tourism based on overall attitude as mediator variable:The case study of the eighth flower expo[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(5):106-112.]
[24]Crick M. Representations of international tourism in the social sciences:Sun, sex, sights, savings, and servility[J]. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2003,18(1):307-344.
[25] Wang N. Tourism and Modernity:A Sociological Analysis[M]. Oxford:Pergamon, 2000:27-42.
[26]Gatersleben B, Steg L, Vlek C. Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2002,34(3):335-362.
[2] Bratt C. The impact of norms and assumed consequences on recycling behavior[J]. Environment and Behavior, 1999,31(5):630-656.
[3] Th?gersen, J. A cognitive dissonance interpretation of consistencies and inconsistencies in environmentally responsible behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2004,24(1):93-103.
[4] Th?gersen J, Crompton T. Simple and painless? The limitations of spillover in environmental campaigning[J]. Journal of Consumer Policy, 2009,32(2):141-163.
[5] Steg L, Vlek C. Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour:An integrative review and research agenda[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2009,29(3):309-317.
[6] Hines J M, Hungerford H R, Tomera A N. Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior:A meta-analysis[J].The journal of Environmental Education, 1987,18(2):1-8.
[7] Vaske J J, Kobrin K C. Place attachment and environmentally responsible behavior[J]. The Journal of Environmental Education,2001,32(4):16-21.
[8] Lee T H, Jan F H, Huang G W. The influence of recreation experiences on environmentally responsible behavior:The case of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2015,23(6):947-967.
[9] Morrison E W, Bies R J. Impression management in the feedbackseeking process:A literature review and research agenda[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1991,16(3):522-541.
[10]Dolnicar S, Grün B. Environmentally friendly behavior:Can heterogeneity among individuals and contexts/environments be harvested for improved sustainable management?[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2009,41(5):693-714.
[11]Miller D, Merrilees B, Coghlan A. Sustainable urban tourism:Understanding and developing visitor pro-environmental behaviours[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2015,23(1):26-46.
[12]Barr S, Shaw G, Coles T. Sustainable lifestyles:Sites, practices,and policy[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2011,43(12):3011-3029.
[13]Truelove H B, Carrico A R, Weber E U, et al. Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior:An integrative review and theoretical framework[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2014,29:127-138.
[14]Festinger L. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance[M]. Stanford:Stanford University Press, 1957:1-32.
[15]Dhar R, Simonson I. Making complementary choices in consumption episodes:Highlighting versus balancing[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1999,36(1):29-44.
[16]Lee T H, Jan F H, Yang C C. Conceptualizing and measuring environmentally responsible behaviors from the perspective of community-based tourists[J]. Tourism Management, 2013,36(3):454-468.
[17]Smith-Sebasto N J, D'Costa A. Designing a Likert-type scale to predict environmentally responsible behavior in undergraduate students:A multistep process[J]. The Journal of Environmental Education, 1995,27(1):14-20.
[18]Kaiser F G, W?lfing S, Fuhrer U. Environmental attitude and ecological behaviour[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1999,19(1):1-19.
[19]Miao L, Wei W. Consumers'pro-environmental behavior and its determinants in the lodging segment[J]. Journal of Hospitality&Tourism Research, 2016,40(3):319-338.
[20]Roberts J A, Bacon D R. Exploring the subtle relationships between environmental concern and ecologically conscious consumer behavior[J]. Journal of Business Research, 1997,40(1):79-89.
[21]刘如菲.游客环境行为分析及其对可持续旅游选择性营销的启示[J].人文地理,2010,25(6):114-119.[Liu Rufei. Selective marketing for sustainable development of tourism based on the analysis of environmental behavior:A case study of Jiuzhaigou[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25(6):114-119.]
[22]高静,洪文艺,李文明,等.自然保护区游客环境态度与行为初步研究——以鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区为例[J].经济地理,2009,29(11):1931-1936.[Gao Jing, Hong Wenyi, Li Wenming, et al. Visitors'environmental attitude&behavior in natural reserve:The case of Poyang lake natural reserve[J]. Economic Geography, 2009,29(11):1931-1936.]
[23]陈晓艳,黄震方,汤傅佳,等.基于总体态度中介变量的事件旅游影响居民感知与支持行为研究——以第八届中国花博会为例[J].人文地理,2016,31(5):106-112.[Chen Xiaoyan, Huang Zhenfang,Tang Fujia, et al. Tourism impact perception and supportive behavior of residents for event tourism based on overall attitude as mediator variable:The case study of the eighth flower expo[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(5):106-112.]
[24]Crick M. Representations of international tourism in the social sciences:Sun, sex, sights, savings, and servility[J]. Annual Review of Anthropology, 2003,18(1):307-344.
[25] Wang N. Tourism and Modernity:A Sociological Analysis[M]. Oxford:Pergamon, 2000:27-42.
[26]Gatersleben B, Steg L, Vlek C. Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2002,34(3):335-362.