塔克拉玛干沙漠公路防护林不同咸水滴灌下土壤有机碳与无机碳垂直分布特征
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摘要
干旱半干旱荒漠区是一个潜力巨大的碳汇,荒漠植被建设则进一步加速了其固碳过程。探究咸水滴灌条件下塔克拉玛干沙漠公路防护林土壤碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素,可为干旱荒漠区人工林碳储量的估算和可持续管理提供科学依据。选择沙漠公路沿线4.82～28.40 g/L的4个高矿化度地下水滴灌的人工防护林,采集并分析了0～5 m各层土壤有机碳(SOC)与无机碳(SIC)含量及碳密度的垂直分布特征及其与含水量、pH和土壤电导率(EC)间的相关关系。结果表明,SOC与SIC随土层深度的增加分别呈现"减-增-减"与"增-减-增"趋势,并最终分别在2 m和3 m以下土层趋于稳定;浅层(0～40 cm)土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)和无机碳密度(SICD)分别比流沙地增加了73%～346%和1.5%～14.0%,5 m深土层SOCD、SICD和总碳密度分别增加了8.3%～28%、5.4%～58%和8.3%～29.9%,其中SICD为SOCD的13.3倍;人工林SOC分布与含水量和EC呈正相关,SIC与含水量同样呈正相关,同时SOC与SIC间相关关系为正相关。总之,荒漠人工防护林建设显著提高了SOC与SIC储量,且灌溉水矿化度、土壤含水量和EC均对SOC和SIC储量及垂直分布产生不同程度的影响。
Arid and semiarid desert is a huge potential carbon sink,and the vegetation construction can accelerate the carbon sequestration process.The exploration of the vertical distribution of soil carbon in the Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt under saline drip irrigation and the influencing factors can provide a scientific basis for estimating the carbon storage and the sustainable management of the artificial shelter-forest in arid deserts.In this paper,four sections of desert highway shelterbelt drip-irrigated with different salinities ranged from 4.82 to 28.40 g/L were selected,different layers of soil in a 0-5 m profile were sampled,soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) and carbon density were determined,and their relationships with soil water content,pH and electrical conductivity(EC) were also analyzed.The results showed that with soil depth increasing,the distribution of SOC showed as a'decrease-increase-decrease'trend and SIC showed an "increase-decrease-increase" trend,and finally tended to be stable beneath 2 m and 3 m,respectively.Compared with the shifting sand,soil organic carbon density(SOCD) and soil inorganic carbon density(SICD) of shallow soil in the shelterbelt increased by 73%-346% and 1.5%-14.0%,SOCD,SICD and total carbon density of the 5-meter-deep soil increased by 8.3%-28%,5.4%-58% and 8.3%-29.9%,respectively,of which SICD was 13.3 times of SOCD.SOC distribution of the artificial shelterbelt was positively correlated with soil water content and EC,SIC was positively correlated with soil water content,and there was a positive correlation between SOC and SIC.In summary,the construction of artificial shelterbelt increased desert SOC and SIC storage,the storage and vertical distribution of SOC and SIC could be influenced by irrigation water salinity,soil water content and EC at different degrees.
Arid and semiarid desert is a huge potential carbon sink,and the vegetation construction can accelerate the carbon sequestration process.The exploration of the vertical distribution of soil carbon in the Taklimakan Desert Highway Shelterbelt under saline drip irrigation and the influencing factors can provide a scientific basis for estimating the carbon storage and the sustainable management of the artificial shelter-forest in arid deserts.In this paper,four sections of desert highway shelterbelt drip-irrigated with different salinities ranged from 4.82 to 28.40 g/L were selected,different layers of soil in a 0-5 m profile were sampled,soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) and carbon density were determined,and their relationships with soil water content,pH and electrical conductivity(EC) were also analyzed.The results showed that with soil depth increasing,the distribution of SOC showed as a'decrease-increase-decrease'trend and SIC showed an "increase-decrease-increase" trend,and finally tended to be stable beneath 2 m and 3 m,respectively.Compared with the shifting sand,soil organic carbon density(SOCD) and soil inorganic carbon density(SICD) of shallow soil in the shelterbelt increased by 73%-346% and 1.5%-14.0%,SOCD,SICD and total carbon density of the 5-meter-deep soil increased by 8.3%-28%,5.4%-58% and 8.3%-29.9%,respectively,of which SICD was 13.3 times of SOCD.SOC distribution of the artificial shelterbelt was positively correlated with soil water content and EC,SIC was positively correlated with soil water content,and there was a positive correlation between SOC and SIC.In summary,the construction of artificial shelterbelt increased desert SOC and SIC storage,the storage and vertical distribution of SOC and SIC could be influenced by irrigation water salinity,soil water content and EC at different degrees.
引文
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[3] 管绍淳.世界荒漠概况[J].干旱区研究,1985,2(3):70-71.GUAN S C.The world deserts overview[J].Arid Zone Research,1985,2(3):70-71.(in Chinese)
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[5] YATES E L,DETWEILER A M,IRACI L T,et al.Assessing the role of alkaline soils on the carbon cycle at a playa site[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,70(3):1047-1056.
[6] 法科宇.毛乌素沙地土壤CO2通量及其环境影响因素[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[7] LEI J Q,LI S Y,JIN Z Z,et al.Comprehensive eco-environmental effects of the shelter-forest ecological engineering along the Tarim Desert highway[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(Supp.II):190-202.
[8] 金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):986-996.JIN L L,LI Z J,HE Q,et al.Microclimate over the center and edge areas of the artificial shelter forest land in Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(5):986-996.(in Chinese)
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[10] 靳正忠,雷加强,徐新文,等.沙漠腹地咸水滴灌林地土壤养分、微生物量和酶活性的典型相关关系[J].土壤学报,2008,45(6):1119-1127.JIN Z Z,LEI J Q,XU X W,et al.Canonical correlations of soil nutrients,microbial biomass and enzyme activitie of forest land drip-irrigation with saline water in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(6):1119-1127.(in Chinese)
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[12] 张前前,王飞,刘涛,等.微咸水滴灌对土壤酶活性、CO2通量及有机碳降解的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2743-2750.ZHANG Q Q,WANG F,LIU T,et al.Effects of brackish water irrigation on soil enzyme activity,soil CO2 flux and organic matterdecomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2743-2750.(in Chinese)
[13] 王成,李宁,王兴鹏,等.不同生育阶段咸水滴灌对红枣根区土壤有机碳垂直分布特性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(5):883-889.WANG C,LI N,WANG X P,et al.Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon content in rhizosphere of jujube at its different growth stages under drip irrigation with salty water[J].Arid Zone Research,2012,29(5):883-889.(in Chinese)
[14] 张雪梅,王永东,徐新文,等.沙漠公路防护林凋落物量、组成及动态[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1142-1149.ZHANG X M,WANG Y D,XU X W,et al.Biomass,composition and dynamics of litterfall in Taklimakan Desert highway shelterbelt[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(6):1142-1149.(in Chinese)
[15] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16] 丁新原,周智彬,雷加强,等.塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤水分特征曲线模型分析与比较[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(5):985-993.DING X Y,ZHOU Z B,LEI J Q,et al.Analysis and comparison of models for soil water characteristic curves of Tarim Desert highway shelterbelt[J].Arid Land Geography,2015,38(5):985-993.(in Chinese)
[17] 陈永乐,张志山,赵洋.人工固沙区土壤碳分布及其与土壤属性的关系[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(2):296-304.CHEN Y L,ZHANG Z S,ZHAO Y.Distribution of soil carbon in sand-binding area and its relation with soil properties[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(2):296-304.(in Chinese)
[18] 贾晓红,周海燕,李新荣.无灌溉人工固沙区土壤有机碳及氮含量变异的初步结论[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(4):437-441.JIA X H,ZHOU H Y,LI X R.Primary conclusion of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen variationin planted sand regions without irrigation[J].Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(4):437-441.(in Chinese)
[19] 赵晶晶,贡璐,安申群,等.塔里木盆地北缘绿洲不同连作年限棉田土壤有机碳、无机碳含量与环境因子的相关性[J].环境科学,2018(7):1-12.
[20] 贡璐,朱美玲,刘曾媛,等.塔里木盆地南缘典型绿洲土壤有机碳、无机碳与环境因子的相关性[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1516-1522.
[21] WANG S,TIAN H,LIU J,et al.Pattern and change of soil organic carbon storage in China:1960s-1980s[J].Tellus Series B-chemical & Physical Meteorology,2003,55(2):416-427.
[22] 潘根兴.中国土壤有机碳和无机碳库量研究[J].科技通报,1999,15(5):330-332.PAN G X.Study on carbon reservoir in soils of China[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,1999,15(5):330-332.(in Chinese)
[23] 崔丽峰,刘丛强,涂成龙,等.黄土地区不同覆被下土壤无机碳分布及同位素组成特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1187-1194.CUI L F,LIU C Q,TU C L,et al.Soil inorganic carbon and its isotopic composition under different vegetation types in Loess Plateau of Northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(5):1187-1194.(in Chinese)
[24] 张林,孙向阳,曹吉鑫,等.西北干旱区森林和草原SOC向SIC转移的研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(2):40-44.ZHANG L,SUN X Y,CAO J X,et al.Research progress of soil organic carbon transfer to soil inorganic carbonates in forest and grassland soil in Northwest arid areas[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(2):40-44.(in Chinese)
[25] 陆晴,王玉刚,李彦,等.干旱区不同土壤和作物灌溉量的无机碳淋溶特征实验研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):450-456.LU Q,WANG Y G,LI Y,et al.A leaching experiment on inorganic carbon characteristics in the different soil salinity and irrigation in arid area[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(3):450-456.(in Chinese)
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