县域尺度生态保护红线划定方法研究
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摘要
以解决目前全国普遍存在的生态保护红线无法落地的问题为目标,建立县域尺度的生态保护红线划定方法体系,对红线划定、特殊区域扣除以及边界核定等方面的具体方法进行明确。在立足保障区域生态安全的基础上,充分考虑实际工作中的可行性、可操作性等问题,结合区域实际情况对生态重要性评估方法进行参数调整使其更加符合山地城市的实际情况和满足县域尺度的精度要求。提出红线划定成果与多部门数据相结合,既保障了区域经济的正常发展又解决了红线划定与经济发展之间的矛盾问题。通过本研究提出的划定方法得出九龙坡区的生态红线面积为95.47 km~2,主要包含"四山"管制区、自然保护区、森林公园、生态重要性评价的区域等。划定结果符合九龙坡区的实际情况,能够保障九龙坡区的生态安全,表明研究提出的县域尺度的生态保护红线划定方法对于解决目前普遍存在的红线落地问题效果很好,划定方法在重庆市及西南山区的其他区县均具有很好的普适性,可供全国其他地区的县域尺度红线划定工作借鉴和参考。
This study aims to solve the nation-wide problem that the ecological protection red line could not be implemented at present,and has established a county scale delineation method system in which specification of red line,deduction of special areas and boundary approval was clearly defined.On the basis ensuring the ecological security of the region,and combined with the actual situation,the parameters used in the assessment method were adjusted to make them more suitable for the mountainous cities and meet the accuracy requirements of county scale.The study proposes that red line delineation should be combined with multisectoral data,in order to not only safeguard the normal development of regional economy,but also to solve the contradiction between delimitation and economic development.This study shows that the ecological red line area of Jiulongpo district is95.47 km~2,and mainly includes areas such as"Four Mountains"control area,natural reserve area,forest park,ecological importance evaluation area and other regions.This result is consistent with the actual situation in Jiulongpo District,and can ensure ecological safety there.The proposed method can well solve the widespread problem of the red line implementation at country scale.The delineation method is highly suitable for Chongqing and Southwestern mountain areas,so it can be used for reference at county level in other parts of the country.
This study aims to solve the nation-wide problem that the ecological protection red line could not be implemented at present,and has established a county scale delineation method system in which specification of red line,deduction of special areas and boundary approval was clearly defined.On the basis ensuring the ecological security of the region,and combined with the actual situation,the parameters used in the assessment method were adjusted to make them more suitable for the mountainous cities and meet the accuracy requirements of county scale.The study proposes that red line delineation should be combined with multisectoral data,in order to not only safeguard the normal development of regional economy,but also to solve the contradiction between delimitation and economic development.This study shows that the ecological red line area of Jiulongpo district is95.47 km~2,and mainly includes areas such as"Four Mountains"control area,natural reserve area,forest park,ecological importance evaluation area and other regions.This result is consistent with the actual situation in Jiulongpo District,and can ensure ecological safety there.The proposed method can well solve the widespread problem of the red line implementation at country scale.The delineation method is highly suitable for Chongqing and Southwestern mountain areas,so it can be used for reference at county level in other parts of the country.
引文
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[24] REYERS B, FAIRBANKS D H K, WESSELS K J, et al.A multicriteria approach to reserve selection:Addressinglong-term biodiversity maintenance[J].Biodiversity&Con?servation,2002,11(5):769-793.
[25]刘明.凤凰山林场小流域试验场森林土壤涵养水源效益研究[J].林业资源管理,1998(6):51-54.
[26]邓伟,刘红,李世龙,等.重庆市重要生态功能区生态系统服务动态变化[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):250-258.
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[28] SILVA R M D, MONTENEGRO S M G L, SANTOS C AG. Integration of GIS and remote sensing for estimation ofsoil loss and prioritization of critical sub-catchments:Acase study of Tapacurácatchment[J]. Natural Hazards,2012,62(3):953-970.
[29]吴昌广,林德生,肖文发,等.三峡库区降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):151-158.
[30]吴昌广,曾毅,周志翔,等.三峡库区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(3):8-12.
[31]张照录.基于DEM通用土壤流失方程地形因子的算法设计与优化[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):203-205.
[32]潘峰,田长彦,邵峰,等.新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1497-1507.
[33]杨春华,雷波,李剑,等.重庆市生态环境敏感性评价方法研究[J].三峡生态环境监测,2017,2(2):19-27.
[34] VERDY A, CASWELL H. Sensitivity analysis of reac?tiveecologicaldynamics[J].BulletinofMathematicalBiology,2008,70(6):1634-1659.
[35] FUENTES M, KITTEL T G F, NYCHKA D. Sensitivity ofecological models to their climate drivers:Statistical en?sembles for forcing[J].Ecological Applications:A Publica?tion of the Ecological Society of America,2006,16(1):99-116.
[36]王娇,程维明,祁生林,等.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析——以河北太行山区为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(4):614-624.
[37]王效科,欧阳志云,肖寒,等.中国水土流失敏感性分布规律及其区划研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(1):14-19.
[38] VOGEL E, DEUMLICH,KAUPENJOHANN M. Bioenergymaize and soil erosion-risk assessment and erosion controlconcepts[J].Geoderma,2016,261:80-92.
[39]刘春霞,李月臣,杨华.三峡库区(重庆段)石漠化敏感性评价及空间分异特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(3):291-297.
[40]王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105.
[41] ZHANG J Y, DAI M H,WANG L C, et al.The challengeand future of rocky desertification control in Karst areasin Southwest China[J].Solid Earth,2016,7(1):83-91.
[42]香宝,任华丽,马广文,等.成渝经济区生态系统服务功能重要性评价[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(7):722-730.
[43]杨淑梅,唐巧,周建华.基于生态敏感性分析的重庆红池坝中山草甸景区景观保护规划研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(12):102-108.
[2]祝光耀.大力推进生态功能保护区建设[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):1-4.
[3] DE LANGE H J, SALA S, VIGHI M, et al. Ecological vulner?ability in risk assessment—A review and perspectives[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(18):3871-3879.
[4]马克明,傅伯杰,黎晓亚,等.区域生态安全格局:概念与理论基础[J].生态学报,2004,24(4):761-768.
[5]樊杰.中国主体功能区划方案[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):186-201.
[6]王振波,徐建刚.主体功能区划问题及解决思路探讨[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(8):126-131.
[7]张惠远.我国环境功能区划框架体系的初步构想[J].环境保护,2009,36(2):7-10.
[8]蔡佳亮,殷贺,黄艺.生态功能区划理论研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(11):3018-3027.
[9]燕乃玲,虞孝感.我国生态功能区划的目标、原则与体系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(6):579-585.
[10]国务院办公厅.国务院关于加强环境保护重点工作的意见[J].环境保护,2011,39(21):12-15.
[11]朱康文,雷波,何君,等.重庆市生态保护红线空间管理系统研究与应用[J].三峡生态环境监测,2017,2(2):1-8,27.
[12]高吉喜.国家生态保护红线体系建设构想[J].环境保护,2014,42(Z1):18-21.
[13]郑华,欧阳志云.生态红线的实践与思考[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(4):457-461,448.
[14]杨邦杰,高吉喜,邹长新.划定生态保护红线的战略意义[J].中国发展,2014,14(1):1-4.
[15]蒋大林,曹晓峰,匡鸿海,等.生态保护红线及其划定关键问题浅析[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1755-1764.
[16]汪自书.城市生态红线的内涵及划定方法研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(9):37-40.
[17]徐德琳,邹长新,徐梦佳,等.基于生态保护红线的生态安全格局构建[J].生物多样性,2015,23(6):740-746.
[18]饶胜,张强,牟雪洁.划定生态红线创新生态系统管理[J].环境经济,2012(102):57-60.
[19]李月臣,刘春霞,闵婕,等.三峡库区生态系统服务功能重要性评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):168-178.
[20]朱康文,雷波,李月臣,等.生态红线保护下的两江新区土地利用/覆盖情景模拟及生态价值评估[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(11):1801-1812.
[21] MCMAHON T A, HALSTEAD N T, JOHNSON S, et al.Fungicide-induced declines of freshwater biodiversitymodify ecosystem functions and services[J].Ecology Let?ters,2012,15(7):714-722.
[22] SANCHIRICO J N,MUMBY P. Mapping ecosystem func?tions to the valuation of ecosystem services:Implicationsof species–habitat associations for coastal land-use deci?sions[J].Theoretical Ecology,2009,2(2):67-77.
[23]马克平.2012年中国生物多样性研究进展简要回顾[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):1-2.
[24] REYERS B, FAIRBANKS D H K, WESSELS K J, et al.A multicriteria approach to reserve selection:Addressinglong-term biodiversity maintenance[J].Biodiversity&Con?servation,2002,11(5):769-793.
[25]刘明.凤凰山林场小流域试验场森林土壤涵养水源效益研究[J].林业资源管理,1998(6):51-54.
[26]邓伟,刘红,李世龙,等.重庆市重要生态功能区生态系统服务动态变化[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):250-258.
[27]谢云,林燕,张岩.通用土壤流失方程的发展与应用[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(3):279-287.
[28] SILVA R M D, MONTENEGRO S M G L, SANTOS C AG. Integration of GIS and remote sensing for estimation ofsoil loss and prioritization of critical sub-catchments:Acase study of Tapacurácatchment[J]. Natural Hazards,2012,62(3):953-970.
[29]吴昌广,林德生,肖文发,等.三峡库区降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):151-158.
[30]吴昌广,曾毅,周志翔,等.三峡库区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(3):8-12.
[31]张照录.基于DEM通用土壤流失方程地形因子的算法设计与优化[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(3):203-205.
[32]潘峰,田长彦,邵峰,等.新疆克拉玛依市生态敏感性研究[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1497-1507.
[33]杨春华,雷波,李剑,等.重庆市生态环境敏感性评价方法研究[J].三峡生态环境监测,2017,2(2):19-27.
[34] VERDY A, CASWELL H. Sensitivity analysis of reac?tiveecologicaldynamics[J].BulletinofMathematicalBiology,2008,70(6):1634-1659.
[35] FUENTES M, KITTEL T G F, NYCHKA D. Sensitivity ofecological models to their climate drivers:Statistical en?sembles for forcing[J].Ecological Applications:A Publica?tion of the Ecological Society of America,2006,16(1):99-116.
[36]王娇,程维明,祁生林,等.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析——以河北太行山区为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(4):614-624.
[37]王效科,欧阳志云,肖寒,等.中国水土流失敏感性分布规律及其区划研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(1):14-19.
[38] VOGEL E, DEUMLICH,KAUPENJOHANN M. Bioenergymaize and soil erosion-risk assessment and erosion controlconcepts[J].Geoderma,2016,261:80-92.
[39]刘春霞,李月臣,杨华.三峡库区(重庆段)石漠化敏感性评价及空间分异特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(3):291-297.
[40]王世杰.喀斯特石漠化概念演绎及其科学内涵的探讨[J].中国岩溶,2002,21(2):101-105.
[41] ZHANG J Y, DAI M H,WANG L C, et al.The challengeand future of rocky desertification control in Karst areasin Southwest China[J].Solid Earth,2016,7(1):83-91.
[42]香宝,任华丽,马广文,等.成渝经济区生态系统服务功能重要性评价[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(7):722-730.
[43]杨淑梅,唐巧,周建华.基于生态敏感性分析的重庆红池坝中山草甸景区景观保护规划研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(12):102-108.
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