贵州丹寨排庭金汞矿床地质地球化学特征
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摘要
贵州丹寨金汞矿位于三都—丹寨金—汞—锑多金属成矿带,目前很少进行系统的成矿作用研究。笔者等通过野外调查及系统采样,结合电子探针、同位素分析等手段,对丹寨排庭金汞矿床地质地球化学特征及成因进行了系统研究。电子探针分析表明,不同阶段黄铁矿形状不一,且其中各元素含量不同,毒砂为主要载金矿物;辰砂矿石的稀土配分曲线类似于地层岩石,说明汞矿的成矿物质主要来源于地层;辰砂和辉锑矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT )(或δ~(34)S_(CDT))为20.63‰～23.53‰,说明二者当中硫主要来源于地层,其次为生物硫。有机碳同位素δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为-29.78‰～-30.45‰,方解石的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为-0.56‰～-5.97‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为15.23‰～20.14‰,结合稀土元素配分型式,表明丹寨排庭金汞矿的成矿流体具有多期次、多来源性,其主要来源为岩浆热液,并结合了大气降水,有机质和生物的还原作用参与了成矿流体的演化,成矿流体中碳可能来源于地幔或岩浆岩或者不同端元流体的混合体,有机质提供了重要的碳源,氧主要来源于围岩。总之,排庭金汞矿床中金、锑、汞为不同期次,金为早期、接着是锑、汞为晚期,金主要来源于岩浆,金矿的形成主要为热液活动所致,而汞主要来源于地层,碳酸盐岩的溶解及沉积有机物的脱羟基作用在汞矿的形成过程中起重要作用。
Objectives: The Danzhai gold—mercury deposit is located in the Sandu—Danzhai gold—mercury—antimony polymetallic metallogenic belt. The studies on gold deposits of Guizhou focus on the Southwest in Guizhou.However,there is no systematic study on Danzhai gold deposit so far. Geological,geochemical characteristics and genesis of the paiting gold—mercury deposit in Danzhai are studied in this paper.Methods: Field investigation and systematic sampling were carried out in this paper. Thin section from six samples for electron probe analysis of sulfides. Cinnabar from three samples of mercury ore for sulfur isotope analysis. Calcite from eight samples for carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis. Organic carbon from four limestone samples for carbon isotopes analysis.Results: Electron probe analysis shows that: Pyrite has different shapes in different stages and the content of each element is different. Au content in cinnabar is lower than the detection limit,and arsenopyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral.δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)( δ~(34)S_(CDT)) of cinnabar and stibnite varies from 20.63‰ to 23.53‰,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB) of organic carbon varies from-29. 78‰ to-30. 45‰,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB) of calcite varies from-0. 56‰ to-5. 97‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW) varies from 15. 23‰ to 20. 14‰.The results show that: The sulfur of cinnabar and stibnite is mainly strata sulfur and biogenic sulfur; the oxygen of calcite comes from the surrounding rock; the carbon of metallogenetic fluids from multiple sources and organic carbon is one of the necessary sources.Conclusions: Pyrite is divided into diagenetic period pyrite and hydrothermal period pyrite. Hydrothermal period pyrite includes early metallogenetic stage pyrite( PyⅠ),main metallogenetic stage pyrite( PyⅡ) and late metallogenetic stage pyrite( Py Ⅲ) .Arsenopyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral. The sulfur of cinnabar and stibnite is mainly strata sulfur and biogenic sulfur. The metallogenetic fluids is mainly magmatic hydrothermal,which combined with some meteoric precipitation. The carbon in metallogenetic fluids may comes from a mixture of different end-member fluids,and the oxygen comes from surrounding rocks. Gold,antimony and mercury the Paiting gold—mercury deposit of are formed successively and belong to different metallogenic stages. Gold element is mainly derived from hypomagma,and the gold mineralization is related to magma. However,mercury is mainly derived from the strata,and the mercury mineralization is related to the the dissolution of carbonate rocks and the dehydroxylation of deposited organic matter. The sulfur of the mercury ore and antimony ore is mainly strata sulfur and biogenic sulfur.
Objectives: The Danzhai gold—mercury deposit is located in the Sandu—Danzhai gold—mercury—antimony polymetallic metallogenic belt. The studies on gold deposits of Guizhou focus on the Southwest in Guizhou.However,there is no systematic study on Danzhai gold deposit so far. Geological,geochemical characteristics and genesis of the paiting gold—mercury deposit in Danzhai are studied in this paper.Methods: Field investigation and systematic sampling were carried out in this paper. Thin section from six samples for electron probe analysis of sulfides. Cinnabar from three samples of mercury ore for sulfur isotope analysis. Calcite from eight samples for carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis. Organic carbon from four limestone samples for carbon isotopes analysis.Results: Electron probe analysis shows that: Pyrite has different shapes in different stages and the content of each element is different. Au content in cinnabar is lower than the detection limit,and arsenopyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral.δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)( δ~(34)S_(CDT)) of cinnabar and stibnite varies from 20.63‰ to 23.53‰,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB) of organic carbon varies from-29. 78‰ to-30. 45‰,δ~(13)C_(V-PDB) of calcite varies from-0. 56‰ to-5. 97‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW) varies from 15. 23‰ to 20. 14‰.The results show that: The sulfur of cinnabar and stibnite is mainly strata sulfur and biogenic sulfur; the oxygen of calcite comes from the surrounding rock; the carbon of metallogenetic fluids from multiple sources and organic carbon is one of the necessary sources.Conclusions: Pyrite is divided into diagenetic period pyrite and hydrothermal period pyrite. Hydrothermal period pyrite includes early metallogenetic stage pyrite( PyⅠ),main metallogenetic stage pyrite( PyⅡ) and late metallogenetic stage pyrite( Py Ⅲ) .Arsenopyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral. The sulfur of cinnabar and stibnite is mainly strata sulfur and biogenic sulfur. The metallogenetic fluids is mainly magmatic hydrothermal,which combined with some meteoric precipitation. The carbon in metallogenetic fluids may comes from a mixture of different end-member fluids,and the oxygen comes from surrounding rocks. Gold,antimony and mercury the Paiting gold—mercury deposit of are formed successively and belong to different metallogenic stages. Gold element is mainly derived from hypomagma,and the gold mineralization is related to magma. However,mercury is mainly derived from the strata,and the mercury mineralization is related to the the dissolution of carbonate rocks and the dehydroxylation of deposited organic matter. The sulfur of the mercury ore and antimony ore is mainly strata sulfur and biogenic sulfur.
引文
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王华云,施继锡.1997.贵州丹寨、三都、都匀地区低温成矿系列的成矿物质来源和分异条件.矿物学报,17(4):491～500.
王加昇,温汉捷.2015.贵州交犁——拉峨汞矿床方解石Sm—Nd同位素年代学.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),45(5):1384～1393.
韦东田,夏勇,谭亲平,谢卓君,闫俊,郭海燕,刘建中.2016.黔西南泥堡金矿围岩与矿石的对比及其成矿机制研究.岩石学报,32(11):3343～3359.
伍守荣.2008.贵州省排庭金矿地质特征与成因分析.矿产与地质,22(1):55～61.
谢卓君,夏勇,闫宝文,王泽鹏,谭亲平,伍守荣,范二川.2014.贵州省三都—丹寨成矿带中卡林型金矿地球化学特征及成矿物质来源初探.矿物岩石地球化学通报,33(3):326～333.
谢卓君,2016.中国贵州卡林型金矿与美国内华达卡林型金矿对比研究.导师:夏勇,Jean Cline.贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所博士学位论文:1～201.
谢卓君,夏勇,Jean Cline.2017.贵州三都—丹寨汞—金—锑成矿带:一个潜在的黔西南式“卡林”型金矿成矿带.矿物岩石地球化学通报,36 (增):795～796.
严钧平,等.1989.贵州汞矿地质.北京:地质出版社:1～366.
叶俊莲,陈其英,李任伟,等.1998.生物有机成矿作用和成矿背景.北京:海洋出版社:1～462.
章雨旭.2006.地质学研究中常见逻辑方面的问题分析.高校地质学报,12(1):147～152.
Bau M and Moller P.1992.Rare-earth element fractionation in metamorphogenic hydrothermal calcite,magnesite and siderite.Mineral.Petrol.,45(3～4):231～246.
Claypool G E,Holser W T,Kaplan I R,Sakal H,Zak I.1980.The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation.Chem.Geol.,28(80):199～260.
Chen Lü’an,Zhou Qi.2019&.Sulfate thermochemical reduction (TSR) and rediscussion on the formation mechanism of mercury (gold /antimony) deposits in Guizhou——Inspiration from the theory of paleo-gas seepage-sedimentary mineralization of manganese deposits in eastern Guizhou.Geological Review,65(2):431～437.
Chen Maohong.2007&.The genetic model of Jinfeng (Lannigou) gold deposit based on the coupling of metallotectonics and ore-forming fluid.Advisor:Mao Jingwen.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Doctoral Dissertation:1～187.
Hu Ruizhong,Fu Shanling,Huang Yong,Zhou Meifu,Fu Shaohong,Zhao Chenghai,Wang Yuejun,Bi Xianwu,Xiao Jiafei.2016.The giant South China Mesozoic low-temperature metallogenic domain:Reviews and a new geodynamic model.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,137:9～34.
Kong Lingbing.2014&.Analysis on the mineralization of gold polymetallic ore in Sandu—Danzhai,Guizhou.Science and Technology of West China ,13(9):21～23.
Luo Chaokun,Zhu You Qing,Da Wei.2017&.Analysis on ore-forming geological conditions of Paiting gold deposit in Danzhai,Guizhou.Yunnan Geology,36(4):345～349.
Li Hongbing,Zeng Fanzhi.2005&.The pyrite’s typomorphic charateristics in gold deposit.Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,20(3):199～203.
Li Hongyang,Gao Zhenmin,Yang Zhusen,Luo Taiyi,Rao Wenbo.2002&.Geochemical features of Danzhai Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou Province.Chinese Journal of Geology,37(1):1～7.
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