台风“鲶鱼”期间电离层TEC变化异常分析
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摘要
为了分析台风中心区域的电离层异常扰动过程,本文利用CODE提供的全球GIM电离层TEC网格数据,借助滑动四分位距法对2016年超强台风"鲇鱼"发生期间的电离层TEC异常进行了探测和分析.对超强台风"鲇鱼"发生的7个时间段电离层时间序列进行了异常值探测,发现在台风发生前2天,电离层TEC出现异常.此次电离层TEC异常主要发生在当地时间的02:00到12:00,持续时间长达十个小时,台风中心区域最大异常值达到12TECU.台风中心区域附近上空和对应的磁赤道共轭区上空的电离层均出现异常现象,两区域异常现象基本呈现相同变化趋势,而台风中心区域的电离层异常扰动现象很可能是此次台风发生的前兆之一.
Being a strong weather system in the troposphere, typhoons can excite gravity waves in the atmosphere and transmit energy and momentum to the ionosphere, causing ionospheric disturbances. In order to analyze the process of ionospheric abnormal disturbance in the central area of typhoon, The global GIM ionospheric TEC grid data provided by CODE and the sliding quartile-based process were used to analyze anomalies of ionospheric TEC during super typhoon Megi. Outliers of ionospheric time series of 7 periods were detected during super typhoon Megi, which showed that the ionosphere TEC was abnormal 2 days before the typhoon occurred. The ionospheric TEC anomaly mainly occured from 02:00 to 12:00, lasting for ten hours, and the peak value reaching 12 TECU occured in the central area of typhoon. Ionosphere showed abnormal phenomenon and the same trend over the center of typhoon, northeast direction and the conjugate area of magnetic equator. The abnormal disturbance phenomenon of ionosphere TEC over typhoon central region was likely to be one of the precursors of the typhoon occurred.
Being a strong weather system in the troposphere, typhoons can excite gravity waves in the atmosphere and transmit energy and momentum to the ionosphere, causing ionospheric disturbances. In order to analyze the process of ionospheric abnormal disturbance in the central area of typhoon, The global GIM ionospheric TEC grid data provided by CODE and the sliding quartile-based process were used to analyze anomalies of ionospheric TEC during super typhoon Megi. Outliers of ionospheric time series of 7 periods were detected during super typhoon Megi, which showed that the ionosphere TEC was abnormal 2 days before the typhoon occurred. The ionospheric TEC anomaly mainly occured from 02:00 to 12:00, lasting for ten hours, and the peak value reaching 12 TECU occured in the central area of typhoon. Ionosphere showed abnormal phenomenon and the same trend over the center of typhoon, northeast direction and the conjugate area of magnetic equator. The abnormal disturbance phenomenon of ionosphere TEC over typhoon central region was likely to be one of the precursors of the typhoon occurred.
引文
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Gao Ze,Fang Han-xian,Wang Si-cheng.2017.Numerical Simulation of Ionospheric Disturbance Effects by Chemical H2O Release [J].Chinese Journal of Space Science (in Chinese),37(1):39- 49.
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Guo J Y,Li W,Liu X,et al.2015a.On TEC anomalies as precursor before MW 8.6 Sumatra earthquake and MW 6.7 Mexico earthquake on April 11,2012 [J].Geosciences Journal,19(4):721-730.
Guo J Y,Li W,Liu X,et al.2015b.Temporal-spatial variation of global GPS-derived total electron content,1999-2013 [J].PLoS One,10(7):e0133378,doi:10.1371/journal.Pone.0133378.
Hines C O.1960.Internal atmospheric gravity waves at ionospheric heights [J].Canadian Journal of Physics,38(11):1441-1481.
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Mao Tian,Wang Jin Song,Yang Guang lin,et al.2009.Effects of typhoon matsa on ionospheric tec [J].Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),54(24):3858-3863.
Perevalova N P,Ishin A B.2011.Effects of tropical cyclones in the ionosphere from data of sounding by GPS signals [J].Izv.Atmos.Oceanic Phys.,47(9):1072-1083.
Polyakova A S,Perevalova N P.2013.Comparative analysis of TEC disturbances over tropical cyclone zones in the North-West Pacific Ocean [J].Advances in Space Research,52(8):1416-1426.
Vanina-Dart L B,Romanov A A,Sharkov E A.2011.Influence of a tropical cyclone on the upper ionosphere according to tomography sounding data over Sakhalin Island in November 2007 [J].Geomagn.Aeron.,51 (6):774-782.
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Xiao S G,Hao Y Q,Zhang D H,et al.2006.A case study on whole response processes of the ionosphere to typhoons [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),49(3):623- 628,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.03.003.
Xiao Z,Xiao S G,Hao Y Q,et al.2007.Morphological features of ionospheric response to typhoon [J].J.Geophys.Res.,112(A4):A04304,doi:10.1029/2006JA011671.
Yu Tao,Wang Yun-gang,Mao Tian,et al.2010.A case study of the variation of ionospheric parameter during typhoons at Xiamen [J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),68(4):569-576.
Zhang Dong-he,Xiao Zuo.2000.A method of calculating tec with gps data and its application to the ionospheric disturbances [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),43(4):451- 458,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.04.004.
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曹华东,郭金运,李旺,等.2016.2015年4月20日花莲MW 6.4级地震震前电离层TEC异常[J].地球物理学进展,31(5):1889-1894,doi:10.6038 /pg20160501.
邓忠新,刘瑞源,甄卫民,等.2012.中国地区电离层TEC暴扰动研究[J].地球物理学报,55(7):2177-2184,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.004.
高泽,方涵先,汪四成.2017.电离层H2O释放扰动效应的数值模拟研究[J].空间科学学报,37(1):39- 49.
洪军,姚志刚,韩志刚,等.2015.台风“梅花”诱发平流层重力波的数值模拟与AIRS观测[J].地球物理学报,58(7):2283-2293,doi:10.6038/cjg20150707.
黄朝松,李钧.1992.非线性大气重力波产生的行进电离层扰动[J].空间科学学报,13(1):41- 49.
毛田,王劲松,杨光林,等.2009.台风“麦莎”对电离层TEC的影响[J].科学通报,54(24):3858-3863.
王雨星,钟中,孙源,等.2017.两种边界层参数化方案模拟热带气旋Megi (2010)路径差异的机理分析[J].地球物理学报,60(7):2545-2555,doi:10.6038/cjg20170704.
肖赛冠,郝永强,张东和,等.2006.电离层对台风响应的全过程的特例研究[J].地球物理学报,49(3):623- 628,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.03.003.
余涛,王云冈,毛田,等.2010.台风期间厦门电离层变化的一次特例分析[J].气象学报,68(4):569-576.
张东和,萧佐.2000.利用GPS计算TEC的方法及其对电离层扰动的观测[J].地球物理学报,43(4):451- 458,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.04.004.
张小红,任晓东,吴风波,等.2013.震前电离层TEC异常探测新方法[J].地球物理学报,56(2):441- 449,doi:10.6038/cjg20130208.
Deng Zhong-xin,Liu Rui-yuan,Zhen Wei-min,et al.2012.Study on the ionospheric tec storms over china [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),55(7):2177-2184,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.004.
Gao Ze,Fang Han-xian,Wang Si-cheng.2017.Numerical Simulation of Ionospheric Disturbance Effects by Chemical H2O Release [J].Chinese Journal of Space Science (in Chinese),37(1):39- 49.
Garner T W,Gaussiran T L,Tolman B W,et al.2008.Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics [J].Adv.Space Res.,42(4):720-726.
Guo J Y,Li W,Liu X,et al.2015a.On TEC anomalies as precursor before MW 8.6 Sumatra earthquake and MW 6.7 Mexico earthquake on April 11,2012 [J].Geosciences Journal,19(4):721-730.
Guo J Y,Li W,Liu X,et al.2015b.Temporal-spatial variation of global GPS-derived total electron content,1999-2013 [J].PLoS One,10(7):e0133378,doi:10.1371/journal.Pone.0133378.
Hines C O.1960.Internal atmospheric gravity waves at ionospheric heights [J].Canadian Journal of Physics,38(11):1441-1481.
Hong Jun,Yao Zhi-Gang,Han Zhi-Gang,et al.2015.Numerical simulations and AIRS observations of stratospheric gravity waves induced by the Typhoon Muifa [J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics (in Chinese),58(7):2283-2293,doi:10.6038/cjg20150707.
Huang Chao-song,Li Jun.1992.Nonlinear travelling ionospheric disturbance produced by atmospheric gravity waves [J].Chinese Journal of Space Science (in Chinese),13(1):41- 49.
Isaev N V,Sorokin V M,Chmyrev V M,et al.2002.Ionospheric electric fields related to sea storms and typhoons [J].Geomagnetism & Aeronomy,42(5),638- 643.
Kunitsyn V E,Nesterov I A,Padokhin A M,et al.2011.Ionospheric radio tomography based on the GPS/GLONASS navigation systems [J].J.Commun.Technol.Electron.,56 (11):1269-1281.
Mao Tian,Wang Jin Song,Yang Guang lin,et al.2009.Effects of typhoon matsa on ionospheric tec [J].Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),54(24):3858-3863.
Perevalova N P,Ishin A B.2011.Effects of tropical cyclones in the ionosphere from data of sounding by GPS signals [J].Izv.Atmos.Oceanic Phys.,47(9):1072-1083.
Polyakova A S,Perevalova N P.2013.Comparative analysis of TEC disturbances over tropical cyclone zones in the North-West Pacific Ocean [J].Advances in Space Research,52(8):1416-1426.
Vanina-Dart L B,Romanov A A,Sharkov E A.2011.Influence of a tropical cyclone on the upper ionosphere according to tomography sounding data over Sakhalin Island in November 2007 [J].Geomagn.Aeron.,51 (6):774-782.
Wang Yu-Xing,Zhong Zhong,Sun Yuan,et al.2017.The mechanism analysis of the track deviation of tropical cyclone Megi (2010) simulated with two planetary boundary layer schemes [J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics (in Chinese),60(7):2545-2555,doi:10.6038/cjg20170704.
Xiao S G,Hao Y Q,Zhang D H,et al.2006.A case study on whole response processes of the ionosphere to typhoons [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),49(3):623- 628,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.03.003.
Xiao Z,Xiao S G,Hao Y Q,et al.2007.Morphological features of ionospheric response to typhoon [J].J.Geophys.Res.,112(A4):A04304,doi:10.1029/2006JA011671.
Yu Tao,Wang Yun-gang,Mao Tian,et al.2010.A case study of the variation of ionospheric parameter during typhoons at Xiamen [J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),68(4):569-576.
Zhang Dong-he,Xiao Zuo.2000.A method of calculating tec with gps data and its application to the ionospheric disturbances [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),43(4):451- 458,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.04.004.
Zhang Xiao-hong,Ren Xiao-dong,Wu Feng-bo,et al.2013.A new method for detection of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),56(2):441- 449,doi:10.6038/cjg20130208.
曹华东,郭金运,李旺,等.2016.2015年4月20日花莲MW 6.4级地震震前电离层TEC异常[J].地球物理学进展,31(5):1889-1894,doi:10.6038 /pg20160501.
邓忠新,刘瑞源,甄卫民,等.2012.中国地区电离层TEC暴扰动研究[J].地球物理学报,55(7):2177-2184,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.07.004.
高泽,方涵先,汪四成.2017.电离层H2O释放扰动效应的数值模拟研究[J].空间科学学报,37(1):39- 49.
洪军,姚志刚,韩志刚,等.2015.台风“梅花”诱发平流层重力波的数值模拟与AIRS观测[J].地球物理学报,58(7):2283-2293,doi:10.6038/cjg20150707.
黄朝松,李钧.1992.非线性大气重力波产生的行进电离层扰动[J].空间科学学报,13(1):41- 49.
毛田,王劲松,杨光林,等.2009.台风“麦莎”对电离层TEC的影响[J].科学通报,54(24):3858-3863.
王雨星,钟中,孙源,等.2017.两种边界层参数化方案模拟热带气旋Megi (2010)路径差异的机理分析[J].地球物理学报,60(7):2545-2555,doi:10.6038/cjg20170704.
肖赛冠,郝永强,张东和,等.2006.电离层对台风响应的全过程的特例研究[J].地球物理学报,49(3):623- 628,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.03.003.
余涛,王云冈,毛田,等.2010.台风期间厦门电离层变化的一次特例分析[J].气象学报,68(4):569-576.
张东和,萧佐.2000.利用GPS计算TEC的方法及其对电离层扰动的观测[J].地球物理学报,43(4):451- 458,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2000.04.004.
张小红,任晓东,吴风波,等.2013.震前电离层TEC异常探测新方法[J].地球物理学报,56(2):441- 449,doi:10.6038/cjg20130208.