考虑岩体完整程度影响的爆破破裂范围
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摘要
根据岩石爆破损伤理论,在现场开展单孔爆破试验和钻孔超声波波速试验。通过钻孔超声波波速试验测量爆破前后岩体中纵波波速的变化,并根据与岩体完整程度相关的爆破破裂判据得到不同完整程度的岩体爆破破裂范围。由于该判据与爆破前岩体完整性系数、爆破前后岩体纵波波速等参数相关,因此,根据试验结果可以定量分析岩体爆破破裂范围随岩体完整性系数的变化规律,从而定量分析考虑岩体完整程度对爆破破裂范围的影响。研究结果表明:岩体爆破破裂范围与岩体完整性系数之间的相关性良好;当爆破参数相同时,随着岩体完整性系数减小,最大爆破破裂半径和孔底最大破裂深度这2个爆破破裂范围参数均显著增大;所给出的爆破破裂判据和岩体爆破破裂评价方法简单、实用,可用于考虑岩体完整程度影响的围岩爆破安全稳定性评价。
Based on the damage mechanics of rock blasting, single-hole blasting tests and ultrasonic tests of wave velocity were carried out in field. The ultrasonic tests were conducted in borehole of rock mass to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity in surrounding rock before and after field tests of blasting. The blasting-induced fracture zone in rock mass was measured according to the blasting-induced fracture criterion which was related to the integrity of rock mass or the integrity of rock mass. As the criterion depends on the integrity index of rock mass and the decline of longitudinal wave velocity in rock mass before and after blasting, the influences of integrity of rock mass on blasting-induced fracture zone were considered through quantifying the changes of blasting-induced fracture zone with the integrity index of rock mass.The results show that there is significant relationship between the integrity of rock mass and the blasting-induced fracture zone. When the blasting parameters are the same, the blasting-induced fracture zone parameters including the maximum fracture radius and the maximum fracture depth under the blast hole increase remarkably with the increase of the integrity index of rock mass. The presented criterion for determining blasting-induced fracture and the method for estimating the blasting-induced fracture zone can be applied effectively to the actual project, and it can provide references for the evaluation of safety and stability of surrounding rock during blasting excavation in the actual project where the integrity of rock mass is considered.
Based on the damage mechanics of rock blasting, single-hole blasting tests and ultrasonic tests of wave velocity were carried out in field. The ultrasonic tests were conducted in borehole of rock mass to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity in surrounding rock before and after field tests of blasting. The blasting-induced fracture zone in rock mass was measured according to the blasting-induced fracture criterion which was related to the integrity of rock mass or the integrity of rock mass. As the criterion depends on the integrity index of rock mass and the decline of longitudinal wave velocity in rock mass before and after blasting, the influences of integrity of rock mass on blasting-induced fracture zone were considered through quantifying the changes of blasting-induced fracture zone with the integrity index of rock mass.The results show that there is significant relationship between the integrity of rock mass and the blasting-induced fracture zone. When the blasting parameters are the same, the blasting-induced fracture zone parameters including the maximum fracture radius and the maximum fracture depth under the blast hole increase remarkably with the increase of the integrity index of rock mass. The presented criterion for determining blasting-induced fracture and the method for estimating the blasting-induced fracture zone can be applied effectively to the actual project, and it can provide references for the evaluation of safety and stability of surrounding rock during blasting excavation in the actual project where the integrity of rock mass is considered.
引文
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[12]胡英国,卢文波,陈明,等.岩石爆破损伤模型的比选与改进[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3278-3284.HU Yingguo,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Comparison and improvement of blasting damage models for rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3278-3284.
[13]闫长斌.基于声速变化的岩体爆破累积损伤效应[J].岩土力学,2010,31(S1):187-192.YAN changbin.Blasting damage cumulative effect of rock mass based on sound velocity variation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(S1):187-192.
[14]GRADY D E,KIPP M E.Continuum modeling of explosive fracture in oil shale[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1980,17(3):147-157.
[15]TAYLOR L M,CHEN E P,KUSZMAUL J S.Microcrackinduced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1986,55(3):301-320.
[16]TAYLOR L M,KUSZMAUL J S,GHEN E P.Damage accumulation due to macrocracking in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1985(69):95-104.
[17]KUSZMAUL J S.A new constitution model for fragmentation of rock under dynamic loading[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting.Keystone,Canada,1987:412-423.
[18]YANG R,BRWDEN W F,KATSABANIS P D.A new constitutive model for blast damage[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1996,33(3):245-254.
[19]LIU Liqing,KATSABANIS P D.Development of a continuum damage model for blasting analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(2):217-231.
[20]陈乐求,张家生,陈俊桦,等.初始损伤对脆性岩石抗压力学性质的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(2):484-490.CHEN Leqiu,ZHANG Jiasheng,CHEN Junhua,et al.Influences of initial damage on mechanics of brittle rock under compressed stress[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2017,48(2):484-490.
[2]李新平,陈俊桦,李友华,等.溪洛渡电站地下厂房爆破损伤范围及判据研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2042-2049.LI Xingpin,CHEN Junhua,LI Youhua,et al.Study of criterion and damage zone induced by excavation blasting of underground power-house of Xiluodu hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2042-2049.
[3]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.广东岭澳核电站爆破开挖岩体损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2510-2516.XIA Xiang,LI Junru,LI Haibo,et al.Study on damage characteristics of rock mass under blasting load in Lingao nuclear power station,Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2510-2516.
[4]闫长斌,徐国元,杨飞.爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):88-93.YAN Changbin,XU Guoyuan,YANG Fei.Measurement of sound waves to study cumulative damage effect on surrounding rock under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):88-93.
[5]胡刚.基于岩体声波损伤特性的露天台阶爆破试验[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):917-921.Hu Gang.Experiment of open-pit bench blast based on the sound wave-induced damage properties of rock masses[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):917-921.
[6]严鹏,卢文波,单治钢,等.深埋隧洞爆破开挖损伤区检测及特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1552-1561.YAN Peng,LU Wenbo,SHAN Zhigang,et al.Detecting and study of blasting excavation-induced damage of deep tunnel and its characters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1552-1561.
[7]刘宁,张春生,褚卫江.深埋隧洞开挖损伤区的检测及特征分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S2):526-531.LIU Ning,ZHANG Chunsheng,CHU Weijiang.Detection and analysis of excavation damage zone of deep tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S2):526-531.
[8]陈俊桦,张家生,李新平.考虑岩体完整程度的岩石爆破损伤模型及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(5):857-866.CHEN Junhua,ZHANG Jiasheng,LI Xinping.Model of rock blasting-induced damage and its application based on the integrity of rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(5):857-866.
[9]陈俊桦,张家生,李新平.大型地下洞室开挖爆破破坏影响范围[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(11):3808-3817.CHEN Junhua,ZHANG Jiasheng,LI Xinping.Rock blasting-induced damage zone under blasting excavation in a lager underground chamber[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(11):3808-3817.
[10]陈俊桦,李新平,张家生.基于爆破损伤的岩台保护层开挖爆破参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):98-108.CHEN Junhua,LI Xinping,ZHANG Jiasheng.Study on blasting parameters of protective layer excavation of rock bench based on blasting-induced damage[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,35(1):98-108.
[11]陈俊桦,张家生,李新平.基于岩石爆破损伤理论的预裂爆破参数研究及应用[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1441-1450.CHEN Junhua,ZHANG Jiasheng,LI Xinping.Study of presplitting blasting parameters and its application based on rock blasting-induced damage theory[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1441-1450.
[12]胡英国,卢文波,陈明,等.岩石爆破损伤模型的比选与改进[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3278-3284.HU Yingguo,LU Wenbo,CHEN Ming,et al.Comparison and improvement of blasting damage models for rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3278-3284.
[13]闫长斌.基于声速变化的岩体爆破累积损伤效应[J].岩土力学,2010,31(S1):187-192.YAN changbin.Blasting damage cumulative effect of rock mass based on sound velocity variation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(S1):187-192.
[14]GRADY D E,KIPP M E.Continuum modeling of explosive fracture in oil shale[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1980,17(3):147-157.
[15]TAYLOR L M,CHEN E P,KUSZMAUL J S.Microcrackinduced damage accumulation in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1986,55(3):301-320.
[16]TAYLOR L M,KUSZMAUL J S,GHEN E P.Damage accumulation due to macrocracking in brittle rock under dynamic loading[J].American Society of Mechanical Engineers,1985(69):95-104.
[17]KUSZMAUL J S.A new constitution model for fragmentation of rock under dynamic loading[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting.Keystone,Canada,1987:412-423.
[18]YANG R,BRWDEN W F,KATSABANIS P D.A new constitutive model for blast damage[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1996,33(3):245-254.
[19]LIU Liqing,KATSABANIS P D.Development of a continuum damage model for blasting analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(2):217-231.
[20]陈乐求,张家生,陈俊桦,等.初始损伤对脆性岩石抗压力学性质的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,48(2):484-490.CHEN Leqiu,ZHANG Jiasheng,CHEN Junhua,et al.Influences of initial damage on mechanics of brittle rock under compressed stress[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2017,48(2):484-490.
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