下辽河平原区地下水超采程度计算与评价
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摘要
在分析区域地下水超采以及由此引发环境问题的基础上,以《地下水超采区评价导则》为依据,综合分析超采区评价的指标和方法,建立下辽河平原地下水超采区评价体系。以2001—2011年为评价期,分别以水文地质单元和县级行政区为单元,采用开采系数法进行超采程度计算,同时,采用动态趋势法、水位变幅法和诱变环境问题法等进行超采区综合分析和评价。结果表明:区内20世纪80—90年代因超采造成一定的环境恶化问题,但评价期内有所缓解,仅沈阳市区第四系浅层孔隙水存在超采现象,划定为一般超采区。结合地下水开采引起的环境问题,将滨海三角洲第四系浅层孔隙水咸水区及新近系明化镇组深层承压水全咸水区划分为地下水禁采区。
Based on the analysis of the situation of groundwater over-exploitation and the environmental problems caused from it, and on the basis of "Guidelines for the Assessment of Groundwater Over-exploitation Zones", the evaluation indexes and methods of groundwater over-exploitation zones are comprehensively analyzed, and the evaluation system of groundwater over-exploitation zones in the Lower Liaohe Plain is established. Taking the year 2001-2011 as the evaluation period, and taking hydrogeological unit and county-level administrative region as the unit, the degree of groundwater over-exploitation is calculated using exploitation coefficient method, and then, the over-exploitation zones are analyzed and evaluated using dynamic trend method, water level amplitude method and mutagenic environmental problem method. The result shows that although some environmental degradation problems were caused by over-exploitation in 1980 s-1990 s, they were alleviated in the evaluation period. Only the shallow pore water of the Quaternary System in Shenyang is over-exploited. Combined with the environmental problems caused by groundwater exploitation, the saltwater zone of pore water in shallow Quaternary System in the coastal delta and the whole saltwater zone of the deep confined water in the Minghuazhen Formation(Neogene) are divided as nomining ones.
Based on the analysis of the situation of groundwater over-exploitation and the environmental problems caused from it, and on the basis of "Guidelines for the Assessment of Groundwater Over-exploitation Zones", the evaluation indexes and methods of groundwater over-exploitation zones are comprehensively analyzed, and the evaluation system of groundwater over-exploitation zones in the Lower Liaohe Plain is established. Taking the year 2001-2011 as the evaluation period, and taking hydrogeological unit and county-level administrative region as the unit, the degree of groundwater over-exploitation is calculated using exploitation coefficient method, and then, the over-exploitation zones are analyzed and evaluated using dynamic trend method, water level amplitude method and mutagenic environmental problem method. The result shows that although some environmental degradation problems were caused by over-exploitation in 1980 s-1990 s, they were alleviated in the evaluation period. Only the shallow pore water of the Quaternary System in Shenyang is over-exploited. Combined with the environmental problems caused by groundwater exploitation, the saltwater zone of pore water in shallow Quaternary System in the coastal delta and the whole saltwater zone of the deep confined water in the Minghuazhen Formation(Neogene) are divided as nomining ones.
引文
崔新华,许志荣,2008.河南省主要城市地下水超采区评价[J].水资源保护,24(6):17-22.
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陈崇西,2001.关于地下水开采引发地面沉降灾害的思考[J].水文地质工程地质,(1):45-48.
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刘佩贵,束龙仓,尚熳廷,等,2008.地下水可开采量分析的模糊--随机方法[J].水利学报,(9):1141-1145.
辽宁地勘局第一水文地质工程地质大队,1997.辽宁省下辽河平原南部上第三系地下水勘察评价报告[R].
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王金生,王长申,滕彦国,2006.地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述[J].水利学报,37(5):525-533.
王小军,赵辉,耿直,2010.我国地下水开发利用现状与保护对策[J].中国水利,(13):38-39.
王家兵,李平,张百鸣,等,2010.天津平原地下水可开采量与确定依据[J].地学前缘,17(6):221-226.
王宏,邓安利,2012.山西省地下水超采区的复核与评价[J].水资源保护,28(5):80-82.
杨国强,孟婧莹,苏小四,等,2012.地下水超采评价的指标体系与评价过程[J].节水灌溉,(8):34-38.
Camp M V,Radfar M,Walraevens K,2010.Assessment of groundwater storage depletion by overexploitation using simple indicators in an irrigated closed aquifer basin in Iran[J].Agricultural Water Management,97(11):1876-1886.
Molina J L,Arostegui J L G,Benabente J,et al,2009.Aquifers Overexploitation in SE Spain:A Proposal for the Integrated Analysis of Water Management[J].Water Resources Management,23(13):2737-2760.
崔文君,2019.北京市地面沉降中心区综合防控体系构建研究[J].城市地质,14(1):1-7.
陈崇西,2001.关于地下水开采引发地面沉降灾害的思考[J].水文地质工程地质,(1):45-48.
刘志忠,1998.地下水超采区划分方法初探[J].地下水,20(1):12-13.
刘佩贵,束龙仓,尚熳廷,等,2008.地下水可开采量分析的模糊--随机方法[J].水利学报,(9):1141-1145.
辽宁地勘局第一水文地质工程地质大队,1997.辽宁省下辽河平原南部上第三系地下水勘察评价报告[R].
鹿海员,谢新民,郭克贞,等,2013.基于水资源优化配置的地下水可开采量研究[J].水利学报,44(10):1182-1188.
刘明坤,寇文杰,罗勇,等,2016.北京市地面沉降与地下水开采关系分析[J].城市地质,11(1):21-25.
石建省,王昭,张兆吉,等,2010.华北平原深层地下水超采程度计算与分析[J].地学前缘,17(6):215-220.
单兰波,汪家权,2013.地下水超采评价研究的现状与发展[J].低碳世界,(21):110-112.
王金生,王长申,滕彦国,2006.地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述[J].水利学报,37(5):525-533.
王小军,赵辉,耿直,2010.我国地下水开发利用现状与保护对策[J].中国水利,(13):38-39.
王家兵,李平,张百鸣,等,2010.天津平原地下水可开采量与确定依据[J].地学前缘,17(6):221-226.
王宏,邓安利,2012.山西省地下水超采区的复核与评价[J].水资源保护,28(5):80-82.
杨国强,孟婧莹,苏小四,等,2012.地下水超采评价的指标体系与评价过程[J].节水灌溉,(8):34-38.
Camp M V,Radfar M,Walraevens K,2010.Assessment of groundwater storage depletion by overexploitation using simple indicators in an irrigated closed aquifer basin in Iran[J].Agricultural Water Management,97(11):1876-1886.
Molina J L,Arostegui J L G,Benabente J,et al,2009.Aquifers Overexploitation in SE Spain:A Proposal for the Integrated Analysis of Water Management[J].Water Resources Management,23(13):2737-2760.