南秦岭丁——马金汞锑矿带成矿规律与找矿前景
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摘要
南秦岭丁(家山)—马(家沟)金汞锑矿带位于华北地台与扬子地台两大构造单元的过渡部位,镇安—板岩镇深大断裂南侧,该矿带金汞锑成矿条件有利,分布有龙山、丘岭、腰俭等大中型金矿床和西坡岭、丁家山、石家山等中小型汞锑矿点。丁—马金汞锑矿带金汞锑矿化是同一空间(构造地质背景)下物理化学条件变化的演化结果,显示出成矿继承性和阶段性的演化特点,是一个成矿组合演化系列,在时空分布上有明显规律性;背斜轴部及两翼受强烈的挤压作用发育密集裂隙、节理及近EW向挤压破碎带(剪切带),这些地段是成矿的有利部位,直接控制着区内内生金属矿产的空间分布,NE向断裂为本区主要控矿构造。根据已有资料和找矿实践,通过进一步探讨丁—马金汞锑矿带成矿规律,分析找矿前景,以期对该矿带内进一步勘查找矿提供有益参考。研究认为,该矿带成矿条件较好,在古楼山、郭家山和杨家岭等尚未开展系统勘查的地区,以及汞锑老矿区的纵深、侧翼和已知矿体深部,找矿潜力均较大。
The geotectonic environment of the gold-mercury-antimony ore belt in the South Qinling Dingjiashan-Majiagou is located in the transitional part between the north China platform and the Yangtze platform. The south side of the Zhen-Ban deep fault is favorable for metallogenic conditions,north wing of Jinjiling compound syncline,and it has been a mining area for mercury-antimony since ancient times,combined with the above characteristics,the geotectonic environment of the gold-mercury-antimony ore belt is one of the important mineral resources in China. At present seventy-five gold bodies,more than one hundred mercury and antimony ore body has been found in the gold-mercury-antimony ore belt in the South Qinling DingjiashanMajiagou.Up to now it has been reached supersize,so it became one of the few supersize gold and poly-metallic deposit in Qinling area.The mineralized present mainly in NE-trending and NW-trending fault zone,and then it exist in near NW-trending interlayer shear fracture zone.There are Hg-Sb deposits in the mid-east side of the ore zone(Dingjiashan-Majiagou),and equally further enrichment of gold and antimony in the western(GuloushanJinloushan). The metallogenic belt was divided into seven ore sections from east to west,according to the characteristics of the relativety concentrated mineralization.It respectively are Shijiashan,Dingjiashan,Xipoling,Jinlongshan,Yaojian,Qiuling,and Guloushan.The Au-Hg-Sb mineralization is belong to the same metallogenic series,it has horizontal and vertical zoning characteristics in space,by contrast there is a close symbiotic relationship,and at the same time exist in different strate of the belt.The wall rock alteration closely related to minrealization is mainly silicification and carbonation. When pyritization,arsenopyrite and weak silicification occur simultaneously,which indicates gold mineralization enrichment or the existence of gold orebodies.Jasper veins filled in tensional fault zones,and again broken breccia,stibnite and cinnabar mineralization occur,accompanied by strong silicification and calcification.The metallogenic age is the early Late Mesozoic,which is the metallogenic response of the collisional orogeny in the South Qinling Mountains. The Au-Hg-Sb mineral desposit is made up of the effect of basin-mountain transformation under the tectonic system and late tectonic magmatism,it formed during the transition form compressional to extensional tectonic mechanisms.The formation of Hg and Sb was later than that of Au,so the metallogenic age(phase)extists successively and succession relation. The Au-Hg-Sb ore bodies are controlled by tectonic lithology,the SN-trending compressive stress in Indosinian period formed nearly EW-trending tight anticline folds,and the dome structure formed by overlapping the NE-trending wide and gentle anticline folds in Yanshanian period formed the main structural framework in this area. Joints and nearly EW-trending compression fracture zones(shear zones) developed intensively on the axis and wings of the anticline under intense compression are favorable sites for mineralization,which often directly control the spatial distribution of endogenous metal minerals in the area.The NE-trending faults are the main ore-controlling structures in the area. The other NW and SN trending fault structures have poor ore-bearing property. The main ore-bearing structures in Dingjiashan,Jinlongshan and Qiuling ore sections are NE trending fracture zones. The metallogenic condition of the Ding-Ma ore belt is better,such as Guloushan,Guojiashan and Yangjialing and other areas without systematic exploration,it has great prospecting potential in the depth and flanks of old mercury mines and in deep parts of known ore bodies.
The geotectonic environment of the gold-mercury-antimony ore belt in the South Qinling Dingjiashan-Majiagou is located in the transitional part between the north China platform and the Yangtze platform. The south side of the Zhen-Ban deep fault is favorable for metallogenic conditions,north wing of Jinjiling compound syncline,and it has been a mining area for mercury-antimony since ancient times,combined with the above characteristics,the geotectonic environment of the gold-mercury-antimony ore belt is one of the important mineral resources in China. At present seventy-five gold bodies,more than one hundred mercury and antimony ore body has been found in the gold-mercury-antimony ore belt in the South Qinling DingjiashanMajiagou.Up to now it has been reached supersize,so it became one of the few supersize gold and poly-metallic deposit in Qinling area.The mineralized present mainly in NE-trending and NW-trending fault zone,and then it exist in near NW-trending interlayer shear fracture zone.There are Hg-Sb deposits in the mid-east side of the ore zone(Dingjiashan-Majiagou),and equally further enrichment of gold and antimony in the western(GuloushanJinloushan). The metallogenic belt was divided into seven ore sections from east to west,according to the characteristics of the relativety concentrated mineralization.It respectively are Shijiashan,Dingjiashan,Xipoling,Jinlongshan,Yaojian,Qiuling,and Guloushan.The Au-Hg-Sb mineralization is belong to the same metallogenic series,it has horizontal and vertical zoning characteristics in space,by contrast there is a close symbiotic relationship,and at the same time exist in different strate of the belt.The wall rock alteration closely related to minrealization is mainly silicification and carbonation. When pyritization,arsenopyrite and weak silicification occur simultaneously,which indicates gold mineralization enrichment or the existence of gold orebodies.Jasper veins filled in tensional fault zones,and again broken breccia,stibnite and cinnabar mineralization occur,accompanied by strong silicification and calcification.The metallogenic age is the early Late Mesozoic,which is the metallogenic response of the collisional orogeny in the South Qinling Mountains. The Au-Hg-Sb mineral desposit is made up of the effect of basin-mountain transformation under the tectonic system and late tectonic magmatism,it formed during the transition form compressional to extensional tectonic mechanisms.The formation of Hg and Sb was later than that of Au,so the metallogenic age(phase)extists successively and succession relation. The Au-Hg-Sb ore bodies are controlled by tectonic lithology,the SN-trending compressive stress in Indosinian period formed nearly EW-trending tight anticline folds,and the dome structure formed by overlapping the NE-trending wide and gentle anticline folds in Yanshanian period formed the main structural framework in this area. Joints and nearly EW-trending compression fracture zones(shear zones) developed intensively on the axis and wings of the anticline under intense compression are favorable sites for mineralization,which often directly control the spatial distribution of endogenous metal minerals in the area.The NE-trending faults are the main ore-controlling structures in the area. The other NW and SN trending fault structures have poor ore-bearing property. The main ore-bearing structures in Dingjiashan,Jinlongshan and Qiuling ore sections are NE trending fracture zones. The metallogenic condition of the Ding-Ma ore belt is better,such as Guloushan,Guojiashan and Yangjialing and other areas without systematic exploration,it has great prospecting potential in the depth and flanks of old mercury mines and in deep parts of known ore bodies.
引文
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[4]王斌,陈孝强,樊战军,等.EH4连续电导率仪在陕西省镇安县金龙山矿区控矿构造研究中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(3):564-571.Wang Bin,Chen Xiaoqiang,Fan Zhanjun,et al.Application of EH4 continuous conductivity meter to study of orecontrolling structures in the Jinlongshan gold deposit of Zhen’an County,Shaanxi Province[J].Geology and Exploration,2014,50(3):564-571.
[5]张复新,马建秦.秦岭镇-旬地区微细浸染型金矿床成矿条件及其找矿前景分析[J].矿产与地质,1997,11(6):388-396.Zhang Fuxin,Ma Jianqin.Minetaliation condition and ore prospecting potential of micro-dissem inated Sb-Au deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang area,Qinling[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1997,11(6):388-396.
[6]李勇,周宗桂.陕西镇安-旬阳地区汞锑、铅锌、金矿床成因及演化规律浅析[J].地质与资源,2003,12(1):19-24.Li Yong,Zhou Zonggui.A brief study on the genesis and evolvement rules of the Hg-Sb,Pb-Zn and Au deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang area,Shaanxi Province[J].Geology and Resources,2003,12(1):19-24.
[7]王靖华,张复新,于在平,等.秦岭金属矿床成矿系列与大陆造山带构造动力学背景[J].中国地质,2002,29(2):192-196.Wang Jinghua,Zhang Fuxin,Yu Zaiping,et al.Minerogenetic series of metallic ore deposits in the Qinling Mountains and tectonodynamic background of the continental orogenic belts[J].Geology in China,2002,29(2):192-196.
[8]史文胜,陈力子,常亮.陕西杨家岭金汞锑矿床地质地球化学特征研究[J].黄金,2010,31(6):7-12.Shi Wensheng,Chen Lizi,Chang Liang.Research on geological and geochemical characteristics of Yangjialing Au-Hg-Sb deposit,Shaanxi[J].Gold,2010,31(6):7-12.
[9]陈力子,曹东宏,杨登美.陕西金龙山金矿古楼山矿段元素地球化学特征[J].黄金科学技术,2011,19(1):28-32.Chen Lizi,Cao Donghong,Yang Dengmei.Element geochemical characteristics of Guloushan ore section in Jinlongshan gold mine Shaanxi Province[J].Gold Science and Technobgy,2011,19(1):28-32.
[10]何立贤.汞矿带中金矿成矿条件及赋存规律[J].贵州地质,1990,7(3):187-194.He Lixian.The forming condition and existing regularity of Au mineralization in Hg-ore belt[J].Geology of Guizhou,1990,7(3):187-194.
[11]杨可法.陕西汞矿类型简介兼论金-汞矿床的找矿前景[J].矿产与地质,1991,21(5):333-337.Yang Kefa.Types of mercury deposit in Shaanxi and exploration prospects for gold mercury deposits[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1991,21(5):333-337.
[12]张志坚,张文淮.贵州省烂泥沟金(汞、锑)矿床有机成矿流体研究[J].矿床地质,1998,17(4):343-354.Zhang Zhijian,Zhang Wenhuai.The study of organic oreforming fluids in the Lannigou gold(mercury,antimony)deposit,Guizhou Province[J].Mineral Deposits,1998,17(4):343-354.
[13]陈履安.试论贵州碳酸盐建造中汞锑砷金成矿作用的地球化学机理[J].贵州地质,1990,7(3):196-203.Chen Lü’an.A discussion on geochmical mechanism of mineralization of Hg,Sb,As and Au in carbonate formation in Guizhou[J].Geology of Guizhou,1990,7(3):196-203.
[14]彭渤,张广浩.湖南锑金矿成矿大爆发:现象与机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(3):357-364.Peng Bo,Zhang Guanghao.Phenomena and formational mechanism for metallogenetic explosion of Sb-Au ore deposits in Hunan Province,China[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2000,24(3):357-364.
[15]张复新,马建秦.秦岭镇旬盆地丁-马微细浸染型层控锑-金矿带成矿作用基本问题探讨[J].黄金地质,1996,2(2):10-15.Zhang Fuxin,Ma Jianqin.Discussion on metallization of Ding-Ma micro-disseminated stratabound Sb-Au ore belt in Zhen-Xun basin,Qinling[J].Gold Geology,1996,2(2):10-15.
[16]刘云华,李真,周肃,等.南秦岭东沟-金龙山金矿地质特征、成矿时代及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2016,23(4):81-93.Liu Yunhua,Li Zhen,Zhou Su,et al.Geological characterists,ore-forming ages and geological significance of Donggou-Jinlongshan gold deposit,south Qinling belt[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(4):81-93.
[17]唐永忠,朱增伍,吴昊,等.南秦岭镇旬盆地微细浸染型金矿矿化特征与成矿动力学机制[J].矿产勘查,2016,7(2):307-315.Tang Yongzhong,Zhu Zengwu,Wu Hao,et al.Mineralization characteristics of submicro disseminated type gold deposits and dymamic metallogenic mechanism in Zhen’an-Xunyang basin,southern Qinling Mountain belt[J].Mineral Exploration,2016,7(2):307-315.
[18]史文胜,杨宝利,高景刚,等.金龙山金矿古楼山-金龙山矿段矿床特征及控矿要素对比[J].矿产勘查,2012,3(3):356-362.Shi Wensheng,Yang Baoli,Gao Jinggang,et al.Discussion on characteristics and ore-controlling factors of Guloushan-Jinlongshan ore blocks of Jinlongshan gold deposit[J].Mineral Exploration,2012,3(3):356-362.
[19]刘新会,杨登美,王伟峰,等.南秦岭金龙山金矿构造控矿作用及成矿模式研究[J].黄金科学技术,2013,21(6):1-9.Liu Xinhui,Yang Dengmei,Wang Weifeng,et al.Study on the ore-controlling structural and metallogenetic model of Jinlongshan gold deposit,South Qinling[J].Gold Science and Technology,2013,21(6):1-9.
[20]朱华平,张蓉,郭键,等.秦岭佛坪古陆及周边热事件、盆地与成矿[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,1(8):16-20.Zhu Huaping,Zhang Rong,Guo Jian,et al.Thermal event,basin and metallogenesis of the Fuping Ancient land,Qinling[J].Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals,1999,1(8):16-20.
[2]武警黄金指挥部.陕西省金龙山微细浸染金矿地质[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.Gold Headquarter of CAPF.Geology of Jinlongshan Microscopic Disseminated Gold Deposit in Shaanxi Province[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1997.
[3]刘新会,刘爽,李渊,等.丁家山-古楼山金矿床成矿流体储运规律[J].地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(1):24-27.Liu Xinhui,Liu Shuang,Li Yuan,et al.Storage and moving of ore-forming fuild of Dingjiashan-Gulushan gold deposit[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2006,28(1):24-27.
[4]王斌,陈孝强,樊战军,等.EH4连续电导率仪在陕西省镇安县金龙山矿区控矿构造研究中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2014,50(3):564-571.Wang Bin,Chen Xiaoqiang,Fan Zhanjun,et al.Application of EH4 continuous conductivity meter to study of orecontrolling structures in the Jinlongshan gold deposit of Zhen’an County,Shaanxi Province[J].Geology and Exploration,2014,50(3):564-571.
[5]张复新,马建秦.秦岭镇-旬地区微细浸染型金矿床成矿条件及其找矿前景分析[J].矿产与地质,1997,11(6):388-396.Zhang Fuxin,Ma Jianqin.Minetaliation condition and ore prospecting potential of micro-dissem inated Sb-Au deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang area,Qinling[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1997,11(6):388-396.
[6]李勇,周宗桂.陕西镇安-旬阳地区汞锑、铅锌、金矿床成因及演化规律浅析[J].地质与资源,2003,12(1):19-24.Li Yong,Zhou Zonggui.A brief study on the genesis and evolvement rules of the Hg-Sb,Pb-Zn and Au deposits in Zhen’an-Xunyang area,Shaanxi Province[J].Geology and Resources,2003,12(1):19-24.
[7]王靖华,张复新,于在平,等.秦岭金属矿床成矿系列与大陆造山带构造动力学背景[J].中国地质,2002,29(2):192-196.Wang Jinghua,Zhang Fuxin,Yu Zaiping,et al.Minerogenetic series of metallic ore deposits in the Qinling Mountains and tectonodynamic background of the continental orogenic belts[J].Geology in China,2002,29(2):192-196.
[8]史文胜,陈力子,常亮.陕西杨家岭金汞锑矿床地质地球化学特征研究[J].黄金,2010,31(6):7-12.Shi Wensheng,Chen Lizi,Chang Liang.Research on geological and geochemical characteristics of Yangjialing Au-Hg-Sb deposit,Shaanxi[J].Gold,2010,31(6):7-12.
[9]陈力子,曹东宏,杨登美.陕西金龙山金矿古楼山矿段元素地球化学特征[J].黄金科学技术,2011,19(1):28-32.Chen Lizi,Cao Donghong,Yang Dengmei.Element geochemical characteristics of Guloushan ore section in Jinlongshan gold mine Shaanxi Province[J].Gold Science and Technobgy,2011,19(1):28-32.
[10]何立贤.汞矿带中金矿成矿条件及赋存规律[J].贵州地质,1990,7(3):187-194.He Lixian.The forming condition and existing regularity of Au mineralization in Hg-ore belt[J].Geology of Guizhou,1990,7(3):187-194.
[11]杨可法.陕西汞矿类型简介兼论金-汞矿床的找矿前景[J].矿产与地质,1991,21(5):333-337.Yang Kefa.Types of mercury deposit in Shaanxi and exploration prospects for gold mercury deposits[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1991,21(5):333-337.
[12]张志坚,张文淮.贵州省烂泥沟金(汞、锑)矿床有机成矿流体研究[J].矿床地质,1998,17(4):343-354.Zhang Zhijian,Zhang Wenhuai.The study of organic oreforming fluids in the Lannigou gold(mercury,antimony)deposit,Guizhou Province[J].Mineral Deposits,1998,17(4):343-354.
[13]陈履安.试论贵州碳酸盐建造中汞锑砷金成矿作用的地球化学机理[J].贵州地质,1990,7(3):196-203.Chen Lü’an.A discussion on geochmical mechanism of mineralization of Hg,Sb,As and Au in carbonate formation in Guizhou[J].Geology of Guizhou,1990,7(3):196-203.
[14]彭渤,张广浩.湖南锑金矿成矿大爆发:现象与机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(3):357-364.Peng Bo,Zhang Guanghao.Phenomena and formational mechanism for metallogenetic explosion of Sb-Au ore deposits in Hunan Province,China[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2000,24(3):357-364.
[15]张复新,马建秦.秦岭镇旬盆地丁-马微细浸染型层控锑-金矿带成矿作用基本问题探讨[J].黄金地质,1996,2(2):10-15.Zhang Fuxin,Ma Jianqin.Discussion on metallization of Ding-Ma micro-disseminated stratabound Sb-Au ore belt in Zhen-Xun basin,Qinling[J].Gold Geology,1996,2(2):10-15.
[16]刘云华,李真,周肃,等.南秦岭东沟-金龙山金矿地质特征、成矿时代及其地质意义[J].地学前缘,2016,23(4):81-93.Liu Yunhua,Li Zhen,Zhou Su,et al.Geological characterists,ore-forming ages and geological significance of Donggou-Jinlongshan gold deposit,south Qinling belt[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(4):81-93.
[17]唐永忠,朱增伍,吴昊,等.南秦岭镇旬盆地微细浸染型金矿矿化特征与成矿动力学机制[J].矿产勘查,2016,7(2):307-315.Tang Yongzhong,Zhu Zengwu,Wu Hao,et al.Mineralization characteristics of submicro disseminated type gold deposits and dymamic metallogenic mechanism in Zhen’an-Xunyang basin,southern Qinling Mountain belt[J].Mineral Exploration,2016,7(2):307-315.
[18]史文胜,杨宝利,高景刚,等.金龙山金矿古楼山-金龙山矿段矿床特征及控矿要素对比[J].矿产勘查,2012,3(3):356-362.Shi Wensheng,Yang Baoli,Gao Jinggang,et al.Discussion on characteristics and ore-controlling factors of Guloushan-Jinlongshan ore blocks of Jinlongshan gold deposit[J].Mineral Exploration,2012,3(3):356-362.
[19]刘新会,杨登美,王伟峰,等.南秦岭金龙山金矿构造控矿作用及成矿模式研究[J].黄金科学技术,2013,21(6):1-9.Liu Xinhui,Yang Dengmei,Wang Weifeng,et al.Study on the ore-controlling structural and metallogenetic model of Jinlongshan gold deposit,South Qinling[J].Gold Science and Technology,2013,21(6):1-9.
[20]朱华平,张蓉,郭键,等.秦岭佛坪古陆及周边热事件、盆地与成矿[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,1(8):16-20.Zhu Huaping,Zhang Rong,Guo Jian,et al.Thermal event,basin and metallogenesis of the Fuping Ancient land,Qinling[J].Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals,1999,1(8):16-20.