不同材料覆盖对马铃薯田土壤水热状况及产量的影响
|
摘要
为研究不同材料覆盖对马铃薯田土壤水热状况、产量以及水分利用效率的影响,试验设置裸地、秸秆覆盖、液态地膜覆盖和普通地膜覆盖共4个处理并进行了对比研究。结果表明:地表覆盖后显著提高了土壤含水率,全生育期内普通地膜、液态地膜和秸秆覆盖处理平均较裸地处理高19. 67%、14. 83%和6. 60%。不同覆盖条件可显著提高马铃薯耕层土壤温度,且在马铃薯生育前中期达到显著水平,普通地膜覆盖、液态地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖平均较裸地处理高5. 95℃、4. 44℃和1. 55℃。生育后期,裸地覆盖地温显著低于普通地膜和秸秆覆盖,而与液态地膜覆盖间差异性不显著,但该阶段气温较高,液态地膜覆盖相对其他覆盖处理达到了降温的效果,有利于马铃薯产量的形成。各覆盖处理均显著提高了马铃薯产量和水分利用效率,且以液态地膜覆盖增幅最为显著,产量和水分利用效率分别较裸地处理提高46. 26%和35. 00%。综合考虑,液态地膜覆盖较适宜在该地区马铃薯种植过程中推广应用。
In order to study the effects of different mulching on soil moisture-heat,yield and water use efficiency of potato field,four treatments including non mulching,straw mulching,liquid film mulching and plastic film mulching were used to make a comparative study.The results showed that the soil moisture content of potato field was increased significantly after surface mulching,and the treatment of plastic film mulching,liquid film mulching and straw mulching increased average by 19.67%,14.83% and 6.60% than non mulching.Different mulching materials significantly improved the soil temperature,and which reached a significant level before the growth of potato,and the treatment of plastic film mulching,liquid film mulching and straw mulching increased temperature averagely by 5.95℃,4.44℃ and 1.55℃ than non mulching.The temperature of non mulching was significantly lower than that of the plastic film and straw mulching,but there was no significant difference between the liquid film mulching and control in the later growth stage.But at this stage,the temperature was higher,and the liquid film mulching had the effect of reducing temperature,that was beneficial to the formation of potato yield.The yield and water use efficiency of potato were significantly increased in all treatments,and the growth rate of liquid film mulching was the most significant,and the yield and water use efficiency increased by46.26% and 35.00% respectively.Comprehensive consideration,the liquid film mulching was more suitable for potato planting in the region.
In order to study the effects of different mulching on soil moisture-heat,yield and water use efficiency of potato field,four treatments including non mulching,straw mulching,liquid film mulching and plastic film mulching were used to make a comparative study.The results showed that the soil moisture content of potato field was increased significantly after surface mulching,and the treatment of plastic film mulching,liquid film mulching and straw mulching increased average by 19.67%,14.83% and 6.60% than non mulching.Different mulching materials significantly improved the soil temperature,and which reached a significant level before the growth of potato,and the treatment of plastic film mulching,liquid film mulching and straw mulching increased temperature averagely by 5.95℃,4.44℃ and 1.55℃ than non mulching.The temperature of non mulching was significantly lower than that of the plastic film and straw mulching,but there was no significant difference between the liquid film mulching and control in the later growth stage.But at this stage,the temperature was higher,and the liquid film mulching had the effect of reducing temperature,that was beneficial to the formation of potato yield.The yield and water use efficiency of potato were significantly increased in all treatments,and the growth rate of liquid film mulching was the most significant,and the yield and water use efficiency increased by46.26% and 35.00% respectively.Comprehensive consideration,the liquid film mulching was more suitable for potato planting in the region.
引文
[1]赵靖丹,李瑞平,史海滨,等.滴灌条件下地膜覆盖对玉米田间土壤水热效应的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016(1):6-9,15.
[2]李仙岳,彭遵原,史海滨,等.不同类型地膜覆盖对土壤水热与葵花生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):97-103.
[3]冯晨,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西半干旱区秋覆膜对土壤水分及玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):9-14.
[4]张杰,任小龙,罗诗峰,等.环保地膜覆盖对土壤水分及玉米产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):14-19.
[5]李尚忠,王勇,樊廷录,等.旱地玉米不同覆盖方式的水温及增产效应[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):922-931.
[6]Immirzi B,Santagataa G,Vox G,et al. Preparation,characterization and field-testing of a biodegradable sodium alginate-based spray mulch[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2009,102:461-472.
[7]鲁向晖,高鹏,王飞,等.宁夏南部山区秸秆覆盖对春玉米水分利用及产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,36(6):1248-1251.
[8]杜新艳,杨路华.秸秆覆盖对夏玉米农田水分状况、土壤温度及生长发育的影响[J].南水北调与水利科技,2006,4(2):24-26.
[9]强小嫚,周新国,李彩霞,等.不同水分处理下液态地膜对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):54-60.
[10]郑有才,杨祁峰.不同覆盖模式对旱作马铃薯生育期及土壤含水量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(20):842-846.
[11]范士杰,王蒂,张俊莲,等.不同栽培方式对马铃薯田间土壤温湿度及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):218-221.
[12]汤瑛芳,高世铭,王亚红,等.旱地马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):1-8.
[13]李炳文.山东玉米[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2001:60-61,300-302.
[14]杨青华,韩锦峰,何德先,等.液态地膜覆盖保水效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):29-32.
[15]段义忠,亢福仁.不同覆盖材料对旱地马铃薯土壤水热状况及其水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):55-59,66.
[16]霍轶珍,郭彦芬,韩翠莲,等.不同覆膜处理对土壤水热效应及春玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):124-128.
[17]申丽霞,王璞,张丽丽,等.可降解地膜对土壤温度、水分及玉米生长发育的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):25-30.
[18]李荣,王敏,贾志宽,等.渭北旱塬区不同沟垄覆盖模式对春玉米土壤温度、水分及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):106-117.
[19]乔海军,黄高宝,冯福学,等.生物全降解地膜的降解过程及其对玉米生长的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,10(5):71-75.
[20]裴国平,王蒂,张俊莲.马铃薯连作障碍产生的原因与防治措施[J].广东农业科学,2010(6):30-32.
[2]李仙岳,彭遵原,史海滨,等.不同类型地膜覆盖对土壤水热与葵花生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):97-103.
[3]冯晨,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西半干旱区秋覆膜对土壤水分及玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):9-14.
[4]张杰,任小龙,罗诗峰,等.环保地膜覆盖对土壤水分及玉米产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):14-19.
[5]李尚忠,王勇,樊廷录,等.旱地玉米不同覆盖方式的水温及增产效应[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):922-931.
[6]Immirzi B,Santagataa G,Vox G,et al. Preparation,characterization and field-testing of a biodegradable sodium alginate-based spray mulch[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2009,102:461-472.
[7]鲁向晖,高鹏,王飞,等.宁夏南部山区秸秆覆盖对春玉米水分利用及产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,36(6):1248-1251.
[8]杜新艳,杨路华.秸秆覆盖对夏玉米农田水分状况、土壤温度及生长发育的影响[J].南水北调与水利科技,2006,4(2):24-26.
[9]强小嫚,周新国,李彩霞,等.不同水分处理下液态地膜对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):54-60.
[10]郑有才,杨祁峰.不同覆盖模式对旱作马铃薯生育期及土壤含水量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(20):842-846.
[11]范士杰,王蒂,张俊莲,等.不同栽培方式对马铃薯田间土壤温湿度及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):218-221.
[12]汤瑛芳,高世铭,王亚红,等.旱地马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):1-8.
[13]李炳文.山东玉米[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2001:60-61,300-302.
[14]杨青华,韩锦峰,何德先,等.液态地膜覆盖保水效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):29-32.
[15]段义忠,亢福仁.不同覆盖材料对旱地马铃薯土壤水热状况及其水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):55-59,66.
[16]霍轶珍,郭彦芬,韩翠莲,等.不同覆膜处理对土壤水热效应及春玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):124-128.
[17]申丽霞,王璞,张丽丽,等.可降解地膜对土壤温度、水分及玉米生长发育的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):25-30.
[18]李荣,王敏,贾志宽,等.渭北旱塬区不同沟垄覆盖模式对春玉米土壤温度、水分及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):106-117.
[19]乔海军,黄高宝,冯福学,等.生物全降解地膜的降解过程及其对玉米生长的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,10(5):71-75.
[20]裴国平,王蒂,张俊莲.马铃薯连作障碍产生的原因与防治措施[J].广东农业科学,2010(6):30-32.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |