珠江三角洲平原区土壤Pb元素地球化学特征及其影响因素研究
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摘要
以珠江三角洲平原为研究区域,对其7个区县102件水稻根系土样品进行土壤理化参数及Pb形态分析,探讨在第四系分布区土壤Pb全量及Pb活动态含量的特征及影响因素。结果表明:全部供试土壤样品中Pb元素平均含量为46.47 mg/kg,略高于广东省土壤Pb含量背景值(36 mg/kg),表现出一定的累积趋势。研究区自西北陆相沉积区至南部海陆交互相沉积区,元素含量增高。Pb元素主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物形态赋存在土壤中,迁移能力弱。影响土壤Pb全量的因素主要有Al_2O_3、K_2O、Tl、Mo;影响土壤Pb活动态的因素有Pb全量、p H、有机质、CEC、P、TFe_2O_3、Mn;其中,p H是控制Pb元素活动性的最主要因素。
This paper took the Pearl River Delta plain in Guangdong Province as the study area.We collected102 surface soil samples from paddy fields and analyzed their physico-chemical parameters and Pb geochemical fractions.The main aims were to investigate the geochemical characteristics and to discuss the influence factors of total Pb contents and mobility fraction Pb contents in the soils.The results showed that the average value of total Pb contents in the soils was 46.47 mg/kg,which was slightly higher than the background value of soil Pb in Guangdong Province(36 mg/kg),indicating a certain accumulation trend.From northwest land sedimentary environment to south sea-land interaction sedimentary environment,the elements contents in the soils normally increased.Soil Pb were mainly composed of residual and Fe-Mn oxidation fraction with weak mobility.The factors affecting total Pb contents in the soils are aluminum oxide(Al_2O_3),potassium oxide(K_2O),thallium(Tl),molybdenum(Mo).The factors controlling the mobility fraction of Pb are total Pb contents,pH,organic matter contents,cation exchange capacity(CEC),phosphorus(P),iron oxide(TFe_2O_3)and manganese(Mn).Among these factors,pH is the most important factor controlling the mobility of soil Pb.
This paper took the Pearl River Delta plain in Guangdong Province as the study area.We collected102 surface soil samples from paddy fields and analyzed their physico-chemical parameters and Pb geochemical fractions.The main aims were to investigate the geochemical characteristics and to discuss the influence factors of total Pb contents and mobility fraction Pb contents in the soils.The results showed that the average value of total Pb contents in the soils was 46.47 mg/kg,which was slightly higher than the background value of soil Pb in Guangdong Province(36 mg/kg),indicating a certain accumulation trend.From northwest land sedimentary environment to south sea-land interaction sedimentary environment,the elements contents in the soils normally increased.Soil Pb were mainly composed of residual and Fe-Mn oxidation fraction with weak mobility.The factors affecting total Pb contents in the soils are aluminum oxide(Al_2O_3),potassium oxide(K_2O),thallium(Tl),molybdenum(Mo).The factors controlling the mobility fraction of Pb are total Pb contents,pH,organic matter contents,cation exchange capacity(CEC),phosphorus(P),iron oxide(TFe_2O_3)and manganese(Mn).Among these factors,pH is the most important factor controlling the mobility of soil Pb.
引文
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[31]祝新友,韦昌山,王艳丽,等.广东大宝山钼钨多金属矿床成矿系统与找矿预测[J].矿产勘查,2011,2(6):661-668.
[32]HAN C M,WANG L S,GONG Z Q,et al. Chemical forms of soil heavy metals and their environmental significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
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[34]侯青叶,杨忠芳,杨晓燕,等.成都平原区水稻土成土剖面Cd形态分布特征及影响因素研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):36-46.
[35]曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(7):1441-1453.
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(1)中国地质调查局.生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求(试行)(DD2005—03).
[2]蒋越华,黎宁.柳州市某矿区周边土壤重金属污染评价[J].农业研究与应用,2013(3):31-34.
[3]杨金燕.土壤铅污染的物理化学行为及生物学表征[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004:1-88.
[4]粟银,袁兴中,曾光明,等.土壤-植物系统中铅的迁移转化影响因素研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(16):6953-6955.
[5]莫莉萍,林清,谢晓聪,等.南宁市公园绿地土壤重金属含量与潜在生态风险评价[J].广西师范学院学报(自然科学版),2011,28(s1):1-4.
[6]ZENG G M,WAN J,HUANG D L,et al. Precipitation,adsorption and rhizosphere effect:the mechanisms for phosphateinduced Pb immobilization in soils—A review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,339:354-367.
[7]OBRYCKI J F,SCHECKEL K G,BASTA N T. Soil solution interactions may limit Pb remediation using P amendments in an urban soil[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,220:549-556.
[8]迟清华,马生明.流域上游基岩与下游冲积平原土壤化学组成的对比[J].地质通报,2008,27(2):188-195.
[9]朱立新,马生明,王之峰,等.沿海冲积平原区土壤中元素含量特征及其影响因素研究[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(1):45-49.
[10]朱立新,马生明,周国华,等.冲积平原区土壤元素组成特征及其示踪作用[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(4):56-59.
[11]刘子宁,窦磊,张伟.珠江三角洲第四纪沉积物Cd元素的分布特征及成因[J].地质通报,2012,31(1):172-180.
[12]窦飞.珠三角稻田铜、镉和砷有效性的地球化学机制[D].南宁:广西大学,2015:1-51.
[13]窦磊,杜海燕,游远航,等.珠江三角洲经济区生态地球化学评价[J].现代地质,2014,28(5):915-927.
[14]宗庆霞,窦磊,侯青叶,等.基于土地利用类型的土壤重金属区域生态风险评价:以珠江三角洲经济区为例[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(8):875-884.
[15]马成玲,周健民,王火焰,等.农田土壤重金属污染评价方法研究——以长江三角洲典型县级市常熟市为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(1):48-53.
[16]李勇,周永章,窦磊,等.珠江三角洲平原广东省佛山市顺德区土壤—蔬菜系统中Pb的健康安全预测预警[J].地质通报,2010,29(11):1662-1676.
[17]ZHANG H H,CHEN J J,GUO T L,et al. Spatial patterns and correlations of lead concentrations in soil,leaf vegetables and human hair in the Pearl River Delta region,South China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2017,179:1-8.
[18]黄镇国.珠江三角洲形成发育演变[M].北京:科学普及出版社,1982:7-9.
[19]唐志敏,侯青叶,游远航,等.珠三角平原区第四系剖面重金属分布特征及其影响因素[J].地球科学进展,2017,32(8):885-898.
[20]杨忠芳,余涛,李敏,等.土地质量地球化学评价规范(DZ/T0295—2016)[S].北京:地质出版社,2016:8-10.
[21]环境保护部.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)(GB15618—2018)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2018:2.
[22]国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:20.
[23]迟清华,鄢明才.应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:148.
[24]张明,陈国光,刘红樱,等.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属含量及其分异特征[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1098-1103.
[25]缪雄谊,叶思源,郝玉培,等.黄河三角洲表层土壤重金属环境质量评价[J].海洋科学,2016,40(2):65-76.
[26]HOHL H,STUMM W. Interaction of Pb2+with hydrousγ-Al2O3[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,1976,55(2):281-288.
[27]刘英俊.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:295-303.
[28]陈多福,陈光谦,潘晶铭,等.广东云浮大降坪超大型黄铁矿矿床的热水沉积特征[J].地球化学,1998,27(1):12-19.
[29]张宝贵,张乾,潘家永.粤西大降坪超大型黄铁矿矿床微量元素特征及其成因意义[J].地质与勘探,1994(4):66-71.
[30]杨国义,张天彬,万洪富,等.广东省典型区域农业土壤中重金属污染空间差异及原因分析[J].土壤,2007,39(3):387-392.
[31]祝新友,韦昌山,王艳丽,等.广东大宝山钼钨多金属矿床成矿系统与找矿预测[J].矿产勘查,2011,2(6):661-668.
[32]HAN C M,WANG L S,GONG Z Q,et al. Chemical forms of soil heavy metals and their environmental significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[33]李宇庆,陈玲,仇雁翎,等.上海化学工业区土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(2):154-155.
[34]侯青叶,杨忠芳,杨晓燕,等.成都平原区水稻土成土剖面Cd形态分布特征及影响因素研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):36-46.
[35]曹心德,魏晓欣,代革联,等.土壤重金属复合污染及其化学钝化修复技术研究进展[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(7):1441-1453.
[36]王凯丽,徐绍辉,杨永亮,等.胶体存在时不同质地土壤对锌镉的吸附试验研究[J].土壤,2011,43(2):239-246.
[37]宗良纲,丁园.土壤重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd)复合污染的研究现状[J].农业环境科学学报,2001,20(2):126-128.
[38]张娇,余涛,杨忠芳,等.湖南洞庭湖地区土壤-作物系统铅含量及其影响因素[J].地质通报,2007,26(7):886-891.
[39]余涛,杨忠芳,钟坚,等.土壤中重金属元素Pb、Cd地球化学行为影响因素研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):67-73.
[40]蔡奎,段亚敏,栾文楼,等.河北平原农田土壤重金属元素Pb、Hg地球化学行为的影响因素[J].中国地质,2016,43(4):1420-1428.
[41]严明书,李武斌,杨乐超,等.重庆渝北地区土壤重金属形态特征及其有效性评价[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(1):64-70.
[42]钟莉莉.珠江三角洲顺德地区铅的生态环境地球化学特征及其对人群健康的影响分析[D].广州:中山大学,2007:1-141.
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(1)中国地质调查局.生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求(试行)(DD2005—03).
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